Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability for Dental Caries among Children Aged 0-14 Years in China, 1990-2016

The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.

Risk Factors for Geo-Helminthiasis in Children Aged 6 - 36 Months in a Rural Health District in Cameroon

Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0–17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China(CNHSC)was to collect basic data on the nutrition,development,and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based,reliable,and cost-effective approaches.Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions(south,southwest,north,northwest,eastern,central,and northeast China)in China were recruited.A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used.Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions,from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled,resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts.Dietary surveys,health examinations,laboratory testing,and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake,nutritional status,child development,and health status information.Nutrition,health,and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice(KAP)survey.Greater than 100,000 children(38,000 children<6 years of age and 66,000 children6-17 years of age)completed the survey.The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.

黑河2004-2006年度0-4岁儿童死亡分析

目的了解黑河市0-4岁儿童的主要死因，为降低儿童死亡率提供科学依据。方法对2004-2006年黑河市儿童死亡报告卡核对无误后，进行汇总分析。结果儿童死亡以婴儿死亡，特别是新生儿死亡占较高比例。232例死亡儿童中，新生儿死亡164例，占70．7％。死因多为病理状态下的新生儿，主要有早产、低出生体重、出生窒息等。结论要加强孕产期系统管理，预防早产和畸形儿的发生；加强产科建设，提高产科质量，规范产时监护，预防新生儿窒息的发生；做好新生儿期的保健，预防和控制相应疾病的发生和死亡，从而达到降低儿童死亡的目的。

521例0~4岁儿童死亡原因及相关因素分析

分析南京市栖霞区5岁以下儿童死亡情况,探讨死亡原因及相关因素,提出相应的干预措施,以更好地做好5岁以下儿童的保健工作。回顾性分析1996—2019年常住在南京市栖霞区5岁以下死亡儿童的资料。5岁以下儿童死亡521例,死亡率为4.99‰。前三位死因为出生缺陷、新生儿疾病、意外死亡。长期坚持开展婚前检查、孕前优生检查、健康教育、孕期保健、产前筛查等干预措施,能够有效控制和降低0~4岁儿童的死亡率。

0-4岁儿童饮食行为问题调查分析

目的了解西安地区0-4岁儿童饮食行为问题和家庭喂养状况,为社区儿童不良饮食行为的指导提供依据。方法采用自填问卷的方式,调查儿童的社会人口学资料、儿童饮食行为问题以及儿童抚养人的喂养行为问题。结果21.4%的儿童存在1项饮食行为问题,2项的为25%,3项的为19%,其中60.1%存在进餐分心;61.9%的家长诱导儿童进食;30.4%的家长给儿童进食营养补品。结论西安地区0-4岁儿童饮食行为问题的流行水平较高,重视早期进食行为的训练,加强抚养人喂养知识和方法的指导。

南京市5岁以下儿童意外死亡现状及分析

目的:了解南京市5岁以下儿童意外死亡流行病学特征。方法:回顾1997—2000年南京市5岁以下儿童意外死亡个案报告卡,分析儿童意外死亡的类别、构成、年龄及其相关因素:结果:南京市儿童意外死亡位居5岁以下儿童死亡原因的第一位,占5岁以下儿童死亡的21.02%,意外死亡率为304.85/10万。其主要意外死亡原因为溺水和意外窒息,占整个儿童死亡的17.80%,占意外死亡的84.67%,成为危害我市儿童健康的首要危险因素。5岁以下儿童意外死亡农村高于城市,婴儿期主要意外死亡原因为窒息,1～4岁儿童主要意外死亡原因为溺水。溺水高发季节为4月份农忙季节和8月份夏季,意外窒息则好发在冬春季节,呈显著季节特点。结论:意外死亡作为儿童期可避免的死亡指标,应加大宣传力度,提高群众自我保健和防范意识,加强对交通法规的学习,最大限度地降低儿童因意外造成死亡,提高我市儿童的生存水平。