Factors Associated with Mortality in Children Aged 1 Month to 15 Years Hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward of the Kalaban-Coro Reference Health Center: Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Infant and child mortality is a worldwide concern, but developing countries such as Mali are more affected. The aim of this study was to investigate morbidity and factors associated with mortality in children aged 1 month to 15 years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 covering children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized at the Kalaban-Coro CSRéf. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Five hundred children aged 1 months to 15 years were included. The age range 1 to 5 years (53.6%) and male sex (58.2%) were the most represented. Malaria (72.2%), acute respiratory infections (6.2%) and diarrhea/dehydration (3%) were the main morbidities. Mortality was estimated at 10.6%, and the two main causes of death were malaria (56.6%) and acute respiratory infections (7.54%). Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the dependent variable (death) and age (p Conclusion: This study confirms the high rate of infant and child morbidity and mortality in our health facilities. Strengthening human resources and intensifying behavior-change communication can help reverse the trend.

3D数字音乐聆听对6-15岁儿童注意能力影响研究

该研究以6-15岁儿童为研究对象,通过观察与测量其聆听3D数字音乐前后在Stroop、Visual Search、SART三种注意力任务中表现的变化,发现聆听3D数字音乐有助于在注意地选择性、集中能力与稳定性(抗干扰能力)等方面提升6-15岁儿童的注意力水平,本文分析了3D数字音乐的设计原理及其在音调、节奏、音强等方面对脑神经、情绪等方面可能产生作用的原因,借此探寻提升儿童青少年注意力品质的更多途径。

Evaluation of the Integrated Management Program for Acute Malnutrition in the Douentza Health District, Mopti Region, Mali

Introduction: Malnutrition is a major public health problem in Mali, despite the efforts of the government, its technical and financial partners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrated management program for acute malnutrition (IMPAM). Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from January to December 2020 in the Douentza health district. The study included anyone with at least one malnourished child aged 6 to 59 months in their care who agreed to take part in the study, community health center staff who had given their consent, and the URENI manager at the Douentza reference health center. Data collected via questionnaires were entered into Excel and then analyzed using Epi-Info version 7 software. Results: A total of 138 acutely malnourished children aged 6 - 59 months, including 71 girls (51.45%), 138 accompanying mothers and 11 health workers, were included in our case study. Among the malnourished, 54.34% were in the 12 - 23 months age group and 69.57% had the severe form. 93% of the mothers interviewed were satisfied with the care provided, and all the health staff interviewed stated that community conflicts had an impact on IMPAM’s activities. Cure rates were 81% in Moderate Outpatient Nutritional Recovery and Education Unit (URENAM), 84% in Severe Ambulatory Nutritional Recovery and Education Unit (URENAS) and 92% in Recovery and Intensive Nutritional Education Unit (URENI). Drop-out rates were 19% in URENAM, 16% in URENAS and 0% in URENI. The death rate was 8% in URENI and 0% in URENAM and URENAS. Conclusion: This study confirms the high prevalence of malnutrition in the district (10.54%). It also reveals that factors such as inter-community conflict and insecurity have seriously affected the IMPAM program.

The impact of social capital on children's (6–12) use of ICT in urban communities: A field survey from Zhengzhou City, Henan Province

Purpose： This paper focuses on the impact of social capital on urban children＇s use behavior of information communication technology （ICT）.Design/methodology/approach： Using the field survey and in-depth interviews, we interviewed 40 children aged 6 to 12 and their parents from a staff residential quarter of the Zhengzhou University--＂Shengheyuan＂ community （SHY）, and a commercial residential quarter--＂Wanfenghuicheng＂ community （WFHC） in the high-tech zone of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. We used the social capital theory to analyze the interviewees＇ record.Findings： In urban communities, social capital is the most important factor for children （aged 6 to 12） in their ICT use. Our findings indicate that children in families with higher levels of social capital, such as internal resources, family income, parent educational backgrounds and parents＇ social network, have more-highly developed ICT skills. Personal motivation and obstacles, such as lack of access to computers on a regular basis, also have an impact on children＇s ICT use. External social capital, including schools, libraries, and public service institutes, have little impact on children＇s ICT use, if not combined with internal social capital factors.Research limitations： Our research samples were collected from two communities within the same city, which may influence the generalization of this research result.Originality/value： To explore the social capital＇s influence on children＇s ICT use, we used field observation for ICT use of children aged 6 to 12 in urban communities in China, and studied the children＇s ICT behavior from the perspective of internal and external social capital.

Assessment of Usual Fruit, Vegetable and Vitamin C Intakes in a Sample of Egyptian Children: Pilot Study

The objective was to create an Egyptian database on the contributors of fruit and vegetables in the diets of preschool children and to estimate the usual daily intakes of fruits, vegetables and vitamin C. A total of 59 healthy boys and girls aged 2.5 - 6 years attending day care centers in urban Giza governorate completed the study by interviewing their mothers on 6x non-consecutive days using the 24 h dietary recall. Participants were classified according to age, gender and socioeconomic class. Prevalence of daily consumptions of fruits and vegetables amounted to 22% and 54%, respectively of the total children. The daily intakes of fruits and vegetables averaged 117.5 and 56.4 g, respectively. The consumption of different types of fruits and vegetables was unevenly distributed by different personal and social variables. Estimated daily vitamin C supply from the diet was 38 mg per child, which satisfied the respective recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of 30 mg for the first six years of life. However, the diet of 15% of the children covered less than 75% of RNI. Top fruits contributing to vitamin C were oranges, guava, watermelon, pears and grapes. Extra foods such as chipsy was consumed by 81% of the children, contributed 18% to daily vitamin C supply and also 58.6 mg sodium. A multilevel intervention strategy is warranted for promoting daily fruit and vegetable intake and healthy eating in early childhood.

Vitamin A supplement: a key strategy to prevent vitamin A deficiency among young children in Afghanistan

Background:Vitamin A deficiency is the main problem of public health worldwide demonstrated that 190 million population of preschool children and 122 countries(in Africa and South-East Asia)have vitamin A deficiency,according to recent estimated research.In Afghanistan,vitamin A supplementation is a key strategy to prevent vitamin A deficiency among young children.Children receive vitamin A supplements as part of National Immunization Days(NID)campaigns.Methods:In this case study,the data was collected from June 15/2015 to February 23/2016,and the final report of the Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey(AfDHS)2015 was released on February 15/2017.All 27,209 children aged 6-59 months who are living with their mothers were included in this study.Who consumed foods rich in vitamin A was not included in this study.Results:The percentages who were given vitamin A supplements in the last 6 months among all children 6-59 months aged.A total of 1,572 children aged among 6-8 months were given vitamin A supplements 670(42.6%)children and comparison with the total community of the study(27,209)children(2.46%).A total of 1,148 children aged among 9-11 months were given vitamin A supplements to 465(40.5%)children and comparison with the total community of the study(27,209)children(1.70%).Conclusion:After following up on more studies,we found that vitamin A deficiency is a public problem,thus it is better to use wheat flour fortification,vitamin A capsule(VAC)supplementation,nutrition education,source of vitamin A,and training of primary healthcare workers on the clinical to prevent and treat the vitamin A deficiency among children.Therefore,we aimed to determine the given vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6-59 months in 33 provinces in Afghanistan,in 2015.

北京市海淀区6～15岁少儿体成分生长发育特征分析

目的探讨北京市海淀区少儿体成分年龄、性别差异,研究体成分发育规律,为今后研究儿童体成分生长发育变化积累数据。方法采用随机抽样方法测量6~15岁少儿体成分,其中男510名、女497名。采用双因素方差分析比较年龄、性别影响,单因素方差分析比较年龄差异,独立样本t检验分析性别差异,数据拟合建立回归曲线。结果男少儿随年龄增加相对总水分和相对蛋白质先持平、后减少、再持平、又增加、最后持平;相对无机盐先持平、后减少、再持平,又增加、最后持平;内脏脂肪面积先持平、后增加、再持平、又增加、再持平、最后增加。而女少儿随年龄增加相对总水分和相对蛋白质先持平、后减少、再持平、又减少、最后持平;相对无机盐先持平、后减少、最后持平;内脏脂肪面积先持平、后增加、再持平、又增加、最后持平。结论性别、年龄对体成分各指标有显著性影响;应在少儿时期分性别对体成分进行控制,从而为预防少儿肥胖提供参考价值。

小儿复脉汤联合揿针治疗儿童室性早搏的临床研究

目的:观察小儿复脉汤联合揿针治疗儿童室性早搏的临床疗效。方法:将80例室性早搏患儿随机分为中药组和针药组,每组40例。中药组服用小儿复脉汤;针药组在中药组的基础上加以揿针双侧内关、心俞穴,24 h后取下,每周1次。两组均治疗3个月,比较两组患儿临床疗效及治疗前后24 h动态心电图和主次症积分。结果:中药组总有效率为62.50%(25/40),针药组总有效率为90.00%(36/40),针药组临床疗效显著优于中药组(P<0.01);两组治疗后室性早搏次数均较治疗前显著减少(P<0.01),且针药组优于中药组(P<0.01);针药组改善心悸、胸闷、气短、叹气主症的疗效显著优于中药组(P<0.01);两组在改善各项次要症状方面的疗效无显著性差异,但针药组在改善次要症状总积分方面优于中药组(P<0.05)。结论:小儿复脉汤联合揿针治疗儿童室性早搏具有良好疗效。

小儿肠胃康颗粒联合消旋卡多曲治疗小儿病毒性腹泻的临床研究

目的探讨小儿肠胃康颗粒联合消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗小儿病毒性腹泻的临床研究。方法选取2019年1月—2019年12月阿坝藏族羌族自治州人民医院治疗的128例病毒性腹泻的患儿作为研究对象,采用随机数字法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各64例。对照组口服消旋卡多曲颗粒,1.5 mg/(kg·次),3次/d。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上开水冲服小儿肠胃康颗粒,5 g/次,3次/d。两组患儿治疗疗程均为1周。观察两组患者的临床疗效和临床症状改善情况,同时比较两组治疗前后的血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)水平及肠道菌群变化情况。结果治疗后,观察组总有效率为93.8%,明显高于对照组的81.2%,两组总有效率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组腹泻改善时间、呕吐改善时间、发热改善时间及病毒转阴时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组IL-6、TNF-α及GDF-15水平均明显降低(P<0.05);治疗后观察组IL-6、TNF-α及GDF-15水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌较治疗前均明显升高,而大肠杆菌较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌明显高于对照组,而大肠杆菌明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论小儿肠胃康颗粒联合消旋卡多曲治疗小儿病毒性腹泻的疗效显著,可以快速改善患儿的临床症状,缩短病毒转阴时间,同时降低肠道炎症反应,改善肠道菌群微生态平衡,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。