Factors Associated with Mortality in Children Aged 1 Month to 15 Years Hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward of the Kalaban-Coro Reference Health Center: Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Infant and child mortality is a worldwide concern, but developing countries such as Mali are more affected. The aim of this study was to investigate morbidity and factors associated with mortality in children aged 1 month to 15 years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 covering children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized at the Kalaban-Coro CSRéf. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Five hundred children aged 1 months to 15 years were included. The age range 1 to 5 years (53.6%) and male sex (58.2%) were the most represented. Malaria (72.2%), acute respiratory infections (6.2%) and diarrhea/dehydration (3%) were the main morbidities. Mortality was estimated at 10.6%, and the two main causes of death were malaria (56.6%) and acute respiratory infections (7.54%). Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the dependent variable (death) and age (p Conclusion: This study confirms the high rate of infant and child morbidity and mortality in our health facilities. Strengthening human resources and intensifying behavior-change communication can help reverse the trend.

Evaluation of the Integrated Management Program for Acute Malnutrition in the Douentza Health District, Mopti Region, Mali

Introduction: Malnutrition is a major public health problem in Mali, despite the efforts of the government, its technical and financial partners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrated management program for acute malnutrition (IMPAM). Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from January to December 2020 in the Douentza health district. The study included anyone with at least one malnourished child aged 6 to 59 months in their care who agreed to take part in the study, community health center staff who had given their consent, and the URENI manager at the Douentza reference health center. Data collected via questionnaires were entered into Excel and then analyzed using Epi-Info version 7 software. Results: A total of 138 acutely malnourished children aged 6 - 59 months, including 71 girls (51.45%), 138 accompanying mothers and 11 health workers, were included in our case study. Among the malnourished, 54.34% were in the 12 - 23 months age group and 69.57% had the severe form. 93% of the mothers interviewed were satisfied with the care provided, and all the health staff interviewed stated that community conflicts had an impact on IMPAM’s activities. Cure rates were 81% in Moderate Outpatient Nutritional Recovery and Education Unit (URENAM), 84% in Severe Ambulatory Nutritional Recovery and Education Unit (URENAS) and 92% in Recovery and Intensive Nutritional Education Unit (URENI). Drop-out rates were 19% in URENAM, 16% in URENAS and 0% in URENI. The death rate was 8% in URENI and 0% in URENAM and URENAS. Conclusion: This study confirms the high prevalence of malnutrition in the district (10.54%). It also reveals that factors such as inter-community conflict and insecurity have seriously affected the IMPAM program.

6~36月龄幼儿屈光发育状况及影响因素分析

目的调查6~36月龄幼儿屈光发育的基本状况,并分析相关影响因素。方法挑选6~36月龄562名儿童,采用手持式全自动视力筛查仪对双眼进行非睫状肌麻痹下屈光度检测,获得并比较各年龄段的屈光度及屈光异常患病率。根据问卷调查表用Logistic回归分析屈光发育的影响因素。结果平均SE为0.38(0,0.63)D,DS为0.75(0.5,1.13)D,DC为0.75(0.5,1.28)D。其中SE、DS、DC男孩女孩之间,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),DS、DC在左右眼差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而SE左右眼差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。6~36月龄幼儿屈光状态以远视为主,其中屈光正常者占38.97%,屈光异常者占61.03%(近视前期占42.70%,散光占20.64%,远视占3.91%,近视占1.25%)。不同年龄段的屈光度、屈光异常率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析早产是屈光异常的危险因素(P=0.012,OR=2.68,95%CI:1.24~5.79),户外活动是避免发生屈光异常的保护性因素(P=0.008,OR=0.83,95%CI:0.72~0.95),而其他因素并不构成屈光度的影响因素(P>0.05)。结论6~36月龄幼儿屈光状态以远视为主,散光是主要的屈光异常类型,早产和户外活动是屈光发育的影响因素,屈光发育总体受遗传和环境因素影响较小。近视前期人群要警惕近视低龄化的发生。

The Patterns of Complementary Feeding and Growth among 12 to 23 Month-Old Children in China

Objective This study aimed to understand the characteristics of dietary patterns among children aged12 to 23 months and discusses the relationship between dietary patterns and the growth of children.Method Cross-sectional data were selected from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for 0 to 18 year-old children in China(n=2,449)to describe the patterns of complementary feeding and the growth of children.Cluster analysis was used to analyze complementary feeding patterns,and an analysis of variance and Bonferroni test were conducted to analyze the relationship between Z scores and complementary feeding patterns.Results Four dietary patterns were identified among the children via cluster analysis.In Pattern 4(n=104,4.2%),children still consumed milk as their staple food.They displayed the lowest grain,fruit,vegetable,egg,and flesh foods consumption,a medium frequency of breast milk consumption,and a high frequency of dairy product consumption.Pattern 4 had the lowest length-for-age Z scores and weight-for-age Z scores,with-0.10±1.34 and 0.24±1.00,respectively(F=7.940,P<0.001;F=5.317,P<0.001).Conclusion Although China is undergoing rapid urbanization and economic development,there is still a phenomenon of insufficient intake of protein-rich foods and dairy-based dietary patterns at the stage of complementary food introduced among children aged 12 to 23 months.

The impact of social capital on children's (6–12) use of ICT in urban communities: A field survey from Zhengzhou City, Henan Province

Purpose： This paper focuses on the impact of social capital on urban children＇s use behavior of information communication technology （ICT）.Design/methodology/approach： Using the field survey and in-depth interviews, we interviewed 40 children aged 6 to 12 and their parents from a staff residential quarter of the Zhengzhou University--＂Shengheyuan＂ community （SHY）, and a commercial residential quarter--＂Wanfenghuicheng＂ community （WFHC） in the high-tech zone of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. We used the social capital theory to analyze the interviewees＇ record.Findings： In urban communities, social capital is the most important factor for children （aged 6 to 12） in their ICT use. Our findings indicate that children in families with higher levels of social capital, such as internal resources, family income, parent educational backgrounds and parents＇ social network, have more-highly developed ICT skills. Personal motivation and obstacles, such as lack of access to computers on a regular basis, also have an impact on children＇s ICT use. External social capital, including schools, libraries, and public service institutes, have little impact on children＇s ICT use, if not combined with internal social capital factors.Research limitations： Our research samples were collected from two communities within the same city, which may influence the generalization of this research result.Originality/value： To explore the social capital＇s influence on children＇s ICT use, we used field observation for ICT use of children aged 6 to 12 in urban communities in China, and studied the children＇s ICT behavior from the perspective of internal and external social capital.

探讨营养素补充对6～12月龄儿童营养性缺铁性贫血的防治

目的探讨采用补充营养素对6~12月龄儿童营养性缺铁性贫血的防治效果。方法调查广东省深圳市西丽社区2014年1月-2015年12月出生的儿童共232名为研究对象,随机分为两组,分别为对照组采用正常喂养联合健康宣教,干预组采用正常喂养、营养素补充和健康宣教。观察干预前后的Hb含量和贫血率情况、影响儿童营养性缺铁性贫血的因素。结果通过重复测量的方差分析球形检验显示W=0.979,P=0.085,表明满足球形检验,采用单变量检验。F_(时间点)=77.254,P_(时间点)=0.0001,表明不同时间点的数据差异具有统计学意义;F_(时间点*组别)=51.777,P_(时间点*组别)=0.0001,说明时间点和组别具有交互作用。采用单因素方差分析结果显示干预前两组患者的Hb含量对比无差异,干预3个月和干预6个月的干预组含量高于对照组,对比差异具有统计学意义。对照组、干预组干预前贫血率对比不具有统计学意义;干预后两组的贫血率对比具有统计学意义。对照组和干预组干预后较干预前的贫血率出现下降,其中对照组对比无差异,干预组下降较干预前对比具有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明营养素补充、母亲孕期贫血、人工喂养、反复腹泻是儿童营养性缺铁性贫血的影响因素。结论补充营养素能有效地降低社区6~12月龄儿童的营养性缺铁性贫血患病率,提高儿童的血红蛋白含量。

深圳市盐田区6～36月龄基层社区儿童贫血状况及分析

目的分析6~36月龄基层社区儿童贫血的状况,并对其相关影响因素进行调查分析。方法选取2013年6月-2015年5月于广东省深圳市盐田区第二人民医院体检中心进行体检的6~36月儿童500例作为研究对象。检测血常规,分析儿童的贫血率、男女童之间的贫血率差异,以及不同年龄儿童贫血率差异,并对儿童贫血的相关影响因素进行调查分析。结果 500例儿童中共有124例出现贫血状况,贫血发生率为24.80%。124例贫血儿童中轻、中、重度以及极重度贫血发生率分别为16.80%、8.00%、0.00%、0.00%。男性儿童的贫血率显著高于女性儿童(χ~2=2.057,P=0.049)。相比其他年龄组的儿童,6~12月龄儿童贫血发生率较高(χ~2=4.469,P=0.024)。Logistic回归分析表明,添加辅食时间、半年内喂养方式、父母文化程度、母亲是否贫血、饮食习惯(包括不良饮食习惯等)、是否经常吃蛋黄、出生体重、经济条件为6~36月龄基层社区儿童贫血的相关影响因素。结论该社区6~36月龄儿童贫血率较高,提高儿童家长育儿知识,指导家长合理喂养为今后改善儿童贫血的发展方向。

规范儿童健康管理对儿童6个月纯母乳喂养率的影响评价

目的对0~6岁儿童展开健康管理,研究儿童6个月纯母乳喂养率所受到的影响效果,进行评价。方法在重庆市以及附近6个市中,在2016年1月—2018年1月期间内随机抽取30家基层医疗卫生机构,将其作为该次研究的作为研究机构,进行随机分组,分为10家机构作为研究组机构,余下的20家作为对照组机构。使用非随机对照法,将两组前、后比较的类实验研究结果进行对照,通过Logistic回归分析两组机构在辖区内的儿童是否为6个月纯母乳喂养,将其结果进行比较,寻找纯母乳喂养率的影响因素。结果对照组儿童家长6个月纯母乳喂养率在开展健康管理前为40.03%健康管理后为39.25%,研究组开展健康管理前为42.96%健康管理后为48.84%,(χ~2=10.246 7,10.542 6,P<0.05),研究组的儿童家长6个月纯母乳喂养率更高,通过Logistic回归分析发现:父母的文化水平、父母的职业、家长与儿童的关系、是否为本地人、住在城市或者农村、家庭的收入情况等因素都能够对儿童家长6个月纯母乳喂养率产生影响。结论通过开展0~6岁儿童健康管理,对于儿童6个月纯母乳喂养率的提高具有显著的意义。

Assessment of Usual Fruit, Vegetable and Vitamin C Intakes in a Sample of Egyptian Children: Pilot Study

The objective was to create an Egyptian database on the contributors of fruit and vegetables in the diets of preschool children and to estimate the usual daily intakes of fruits, vegetables and vitamin C. A total of 59 healthy boys and girls aged 2.5 - 6 years attending day care centers in urban Giza governorate completed the study by interviewing their mothers on 6x non-consecutive days using the 24 h dietary recall. Participants were classified according to age, gender and socioeconomic class. Prevalence of daily consumptions of fruits and vegetables amounted to 22% and 54%, respectively of the total children. The daily intakes of fruits and vegetables averaged 117.5 and 56.4 g, respectively. The consumption of different types of fruits and vegetables was unevenly distributed by different personal and social variables. Estimated daily vitamin C supply from the diet was 38 mg per child, which satisfied the respective recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of 30 mg for the first six years of life. However, the diet of 15% of the children covered less than 75% of RNI. Top fruits contributing to vitamin C were oranges, guava, watermelon, pears and grapes. Extra foods such as chipsy was consumed by 81% of the children, contributed 18% to daily vitamin C supply and also 58.6 mg sodium. A multilevel intervention strategy is warranted for promoting daily fruit and vegetable intake and healthy eating in early childhood.

Vitamin A supplement: a key strategy to prevent vitamin A deficiency among young children in Afghanistan

Background:Vitamin A deficiency is the main problem of public health worldwide demonstrated that 190 million population of preschool children and 122 countries(in Africa and South-East Asia)have vitamin A deficiency,according to recent estimated research.In Afghanistan,vitamin A supplementation is a key strategy to prevent vitamin A deficiency among young children.Children receive vitamin A supplements as part of National Immunization Days(NID)campaigns.Methods:In this case study,the data was collected from June 15/2015 to February 23/2016,and the final report of the Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey(AfDHS)2015 was released on February 15/2017.All 27,209 children aged 6-59 months who are living with their mothers were included in this study.Who consumed foods rich in vitamin A was not included in this study.Results:The percentages who were given vitamin A supplements in the last 6 months among all children 6-59 months aged.A total of 1,572 children aged among 6-8 months were given vitamin A supplements 670(42.6%)children and comparison with the total community of the study(27,209)children(2.46%).A total of 1,148 children aged among 9-11 months were given vitamin A supplements to 465(40.5%)children and comparison with the total community of the study(27,209)children(1.70%).Conclusion:After following up on more studies,we found that vitamin A deficiency is a public problem,thus it is better to use wheat flour fortification,vitamin A capsule(VAC)supplementation,nutrition education,source of vitamin A,and training of primary healthcare workers on the clinical to prevent and treat the vitamin A deficiency among children.Therefore,we aimed to determine the given vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6-59 months in 33 provinces in Afghanistan,in 2015.

国产与进口流感疫苗接种的临床观察

目的：观察国产流感病毒裂解疫苗的安全性.方法：对1 000例6月～6岁接种流感疫苗的儿童通过随访和电话追访的方式了解局部反应及全身反应的情况并给予处理,从而对国产疫苗安全性进行评价.结果：接种国产疫苗和进口疫苗后,局部反应21例（2.1%）,全身反应40例（4.0%）,给予适当的处理,全部治愈.且四组的不良反应比率经检验差异无统计学意义.结论：国产疫苗具有很好的安全性.

肺动脉环缩术应用于先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患儿效果分析

目的探究肺动脉环缩术(PAB)应用于≥6月龄的先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患儿的效果。方法选择近年郑州大学附属儿童医院收治的107例先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患儿的临床资料。按年龄分组分为<6月龄组(45例),≥6月龄组(62例),均采用PAB手术治疗,对比两组SPAP、SpO2等指标,≥6月龄组中术前用药与未用药患儿及Ⅱ期矫治患儿的SPAP、SpO2变化,并记录术后死亡情况。结果<6月龄组和≥6月龄组术后SPAP、SpO2、呼吸机使用时间、ICU停留时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≥6月龄组中术前用药、术前未用药患儿在PAB术后的SPAP、SpO2比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。<6月龄组死亡率为2.22%,≥6月龄组死亡率为3.23%(P>0.05)。Ⅱ期矫治患儿中单心室矫治和双心室矫治患儿的SPAP、SpO2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对≥6月龄患儿在术前通过给氧、药物靶向治疗以降低SPAP,为PAB手术治疗提供机会,不影响术后肺动脉压力及饱和度,且可对Ⅱ期矫治手术提供术前保障。

820例流感疫苗接种反应的观察及护理

目的护理干预在防止和减少流感疫苗接种反应中的重要性。方法对0．5～6岁共820例接种流感疫苗的儿童给予护理干预，做好不同年龄段儿童前、中、后护理指导尤为重要。通过随访和电话追访的方式对出现局部反应及全身反应的惠儿实施护理措施。结果观察的820例6个月至6岁儿童中出现不良反应12例，总反应率1．46％，其中局部反应4例（0．49％），全身反应8例（0．98％），给予适当的护理，全部治愈。结论做好接种护理工作对减少流感疫苗接种反应的发生有着重要的促进作用。

24月龄以内婴幼儿超重肥胖状况及出生因素和早期喂养方式对婴幼儿超重肥胖的影响研究

目的:分析6~24个月月龄婴幼儿超重肥胖情况,分析超重肥胖的因素。方法:(1)采用回顾性研究,选取2014年1月—2015年12月样本医院收治的1330例6~24个月婴幼儿作为研究对象,分析患儿年龄、平均月龄、早产、顺产情况及出生体重、喂养情况,分析不同性别、不同月龄段婴幼儿肥胖超重情况,对比超重肥胖组与正常组婴幼儿出生体重、孕前父母体重指数(BMI)、母乳喂养率及顺产率,使用logistic回归分析法分析其超重肥胖危险因素。(2)采用前瞻性研究,选取2016年1月—2016年5月收治的90例新生儿作为研究对象,随机分为A组、B组和C组。A组予以纯母乳喂养,B组予以混合喂养,C组予以人工喂养,对比三组新生儿6个月、12个月及24个月超重肥胖率。结果:(1)男性占48.27%,女性占65.26%;平均月龄(14.12±2.32)个月,早产占4.96%,顺产占47.22%,剖宫产共702例,占52.78%;出生体重<4000 g,共1248例,出生体重≥4000 g共82例;出生后4个月内,纯母乳喂养共849例,占63.83%,人工喂养共115例,占5.65%,混合喂养共366例,占27.52%。(2)不同性别、不同月龄婴幼儿超重肥胖率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.230、12.210,P>0.05);超重肥胖组与正常组在出生体重、孕前父母BMI上,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.340、10.230、6.390,P>0.05);超重肥胖组婴幼儿4个月内母乳喂养率为46.93%,低于正常组的66.46%,剖宫产率为65.92%,高于正常组的50.73%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.980、10.250,P<0.05)。logistic回归分析发现,前6个月非纯母乳喂养是超重肥胖危险因素,(OR=0.821,P=0.000);剖宫产为危险因素,(OR=1.652,P=0.007)。(3)24个月时三组超重肥胖率均显著降低,且A组最低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:6~24个月的婴幼儿超重肥胖与4个月内喂养方式和出生时分娩方式有关,早期需要进行纯母乳喂养,以预防超重肥胖。

白银市0~6岁儿童生长发育状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解白银市0~6岁儿童生长发育状况,为进一步做好该地区儿童保健工作提供参考。方法 本研究于2021年7至11月普查白银市各县区0~6岁常住儿童体格发育情况及评估儿童生长发育状况。结果 白银市各月龄组儿童体格发育随月龄组增加而增加,符合客观规律。0~6岁儿童低体质量检出率为3.98%、生长迟缓检出率为4.64%、消瘦检出率为7.18%、超重检出率为8.83%、肥胖检出率为4.23%,头围过小检出率为12.65%、头围过大检出率为2.70%。男童生长迟缓、头围过小和超重检出率高于女童,但肥胖、头围过大检出率低于女童。此外,回归分析发现,性别、民族、家庭收入、出生身长和月龄是儿童生长发育偏异的影响因素。结论 白银市0~6岁儿童体格发育处于全国中等或中下水平,需要持续动态监测,以防情况恶化。

广西农村6～24月龄婴幼儿生长发育及影响因素

目的了解广西壮族自治区农村地区6～24月龄婴幼儿的生长发育现状及其影响因素,为改善当地儿童生长发育水平提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取广西横县、宾阳县和灵山县8个乡的1 198名6～24月龄婴幼儿家长进行问卷调查,并由经过统一培训的人员测量婴幼儿的身长、体重。结果广西壮族自治区农村地区6～24月龄婴幼儿体重和身长均低于中国9市标准人群,且随年龄增加,儿童身长、体重差距逐渐增大;广西农村地区6～24月龄婴幼儿营养不良发生率为21.9%(262/1 198),其中低体重和生长迟缓的发生率分别为16.2%(194/1 198)和13.5%(162/1 198);不同月龄婴幼儿比较,生长迟缓和营养不良发生率差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000);多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,≥12月龄、孩次为第2个及以后和不饮用开水是婴幼儿发生营养不良的危险因素,正常产是婴幼儿发生营养不良的保护因素。结论广西农村地区婴幼儿低体重和生长迟缓发生率较高;月龄较大、早产儿和孩次靠后的婴幼儿是发生营养不良的高危人群。

湖北省贫困地区6～24月龄婴幼儿贫血状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解湖北省贫困地区婴幼儿贫血状况及其影响因素,为改善当地婴幼儿贫血状况提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段PPS抽样方法对湖北省贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿的看护人进行问卷调查,并检测婴幼儿血红蛋白含量。采用χ~2检验进行率之间的比较,多元Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果共调查2 675名婴幼儿,其中571人贫血,贫血检出率为21.3%。男、女贫血检出率分别为22.9%、19.5%,不同性别间检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。6~11、12~17、18~24月龄婴幼儿贫血检出率分别为30.9%、20.5%、11.7%,不同月龄间贫血检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。6~11月龄婴幼儿中,性别为男、出生时低体重、看护人喂养知识知晓率低于60%、家中5岁以下儿童≥2个,其贫血检出率较高(P<0.05)。12~17月龄婴幼儿中,看护人喂养知识知晓率低于60%、家中5岁以下儿童≥2个,其贫血检出率较高(P<0.05)。结论湖北省贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿贫血问题仍较为突出,应对不同月龄段的婴幼儿采取不同的健康教育和干预措施,以更好地促进婴幼儿健康发展。

基于screening method法6~72月龄儿童流感流行季流感疫苗效果评价

目的基于screening method法评价6~72月龄儿童流感流行季流感疫苗效果(VE),为中国流感疫苗接种方案的制定和完善提供科学参考。方法收集中国流感监测信息系统中浙江省永康市和义乌市2016-2018年流感流行季(每年10月至次年4月)6~72月龄儿童流感确诊病例,通过国家免疫规划信息系统查询病例的流感疫苗接种记录,获得流感病例中流感疫苗接种比例(PCV)及参照人群(6~72月龄儿童)流感疫苗接种率(PPV),计算粗VEcrude值;应用广义线性模型(GLM)估算调整VEadjusted值及其95%CI。结果浙江省永康市和义乌市2016-2018年2个流感流行季共确诊6~72月龄儿童流感病例458例,剔除流感疫苗接种史不详者53例和流感发病与疫苗接种时间间隔<14 d者2例后,共403例纳入本研究。2016-2017年流行季流感病例为277例,PCV为6.1%,PPV为7.7%,VEcrude值为22.1%,VEadjusted值为30.6%(95%CI=-198.8%~83.9%);2017-2018年流行季流感病例为126例,PCV为4.0%,PPV为9.2%,VEcrude值为58.9%,VEadjusted值为55.1%(95%CI=-11.0%~81.8%)。按月龄分层分析结果显示,2016-2017年和2017-2018年流行季6~35月龄儿童流感病例分别为135和57例,PCV分别为3.0%和5.3%,PPV分别为3.4%和6.6%,VEcrude值分别为12.1%和20.8%,VEadjusted值分别为16.0%(95%CI=-129.0%~69.2%)和11.2%(95%CI=-190.4%~72.9%);2016-2017年和2017-2018年流行季36~72月龄儿童流感病例分别为142和69例,PCV分别为9.2%和2.9%,PPV分别为11.1%和11.3%,VEcrude值分别为18.9%和76.6%,VEadjusted值分别为32.2%(95%CI=-120.2%~79.1%)和74.4%(95%CI=-5.3%~93.8%)。结论浙江省永康市和义乌市2017-2018流行季VE值高于2016-2017流行季,2个流行季中36~72月龄儿童VE值均高于6~35月龄儿童。

2007-2009年中国贫困地区2岁以下儿童母乳喂养状况及影响因素分析

目的分析我国贫困地区儿童6个月内母乳喂养的主要影响因素。方法利用我国贫困地区2岁以下儿童营养与健康监测2007-2009年的数据,对出生后6个月内母乳喂养行为的影响因素进行分析。结果单因素及多因素分析显示,民族、分娩地点、主要看护人、家庭年人均收入是主要影响因素。结论提高贫困地区儿童6个月内母乳喂养率仍需加强健康教育,尤其是少数民族地区和年人均收入低的家庭,同时对影响因素进行干预,建立科学的喂养模式。

冻干A+C群脑膜炎球菌多糖结合疫苗安全性评估

目的评价冻干A+C群脑膜炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(Group A and Group C Meningococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine,Freeze-dried;MPCV-Fd/A+C),在婴幼儿中大规模使用后的安全性。方法采用分层整群抽样,在安徽省5个市,对>10万名6～23月龄婴幼儿接种2剂MPCV-Fd/A+C,2剂间隔1个月,每剂0.5毫升(ml),含A群、C群荚膜多糖各10微克(g)。接种后进行30min即时反应观察,以及24、48、72h的随访观察,接种后第7天如受试者未主动报告不良事件,将结束随访观察。按照统一的病例报告表(接种日记卡)对接种反应进行观察和记录。结果本次共接种MPCV-Fd/A+C并进行安全性观察100155人,第一剂接种3天内发热反应为2.57%,并逐天降低;全身反应的过敏、烦躁、嗜睡、厌食、呕吐、腹泻的发生率分别为0.04%、0.12%、0.05%、0.06%、0.05%和0.09%;局部反应的疼痛、发红、肿胀、皮下硬结的发生率分别为0.03%、0.05%、0.04%、0.02%。接种第二剂后,各种反应发生率较第一剂更低。接种MPCV-Fd/A+C后发生的各种反应>90%为轻度反应,未发生潜在的威胁生命的4级反应。结论 MPCV-Fd/A+C在婴幼儿中大规模使用后,全身和局部反应发生率低,反应轻微,安全性良好。