Clarifying the relationship and analyzing the influential factors of bronchial asthma in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is closely related to the occurrence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in children,which can easily have adverse effects on children’s learning and social interactions.Studies have shown that childhood asthma can increase the risk of ADHD and the core symptoms of ADHD.Compared with children with ADHD alone,children with asthma and ADHD are more likely to show high levels of hyperactivity,hyperactive-impulsive and other externalizing behaviors and anxiety in clinical practice and have more symptoms of somatization and emotional internalization.AIM To explore the relationship between ADHD in children and bronchial asthma and to analyze its influencing factors.METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Dongying People's Hospital from September 2018 to August 2023.Children diagnosed with ADHD at this hospital were selected as the ADHD group,while healthy children without ADHD who underwent physical examinations during the same period served as the control group.Clinical and parental data were collected for all participating children,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for comorbid asthma in children with ADHD.RESULTSSignificant differences were detected between the ADHD group and the control group in terms of family history ofasthma and allergic diseases, maternal complications during pregnancy, maternal use of asthma and allergymedications during pregnancy, maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy, and parental relationshipstatus (P < 0.05). Out of the 183 children in the ADHD group, 25 had comorbid asthma, resulting in a comorbidityrate of 13.66% (25/183), compared to the comorbidity rate of 2.91% (16/549) among the 549 children in the controlgroup. The difference in the asthma comorbidity rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that family history of asthma and allergicdiseases, maternal complications during pregnancy, maternal use of asthma and allergy medications duringpregnancy, maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy, and parental relationship status are independentrisk factors increasing the risk of comorbid asthma in children with ADHD (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONChildren with ADHD were more likely to have comorbid asthma than healthy control children were. A familyhistory of asthma, adverse maternal factors during pregnancy, and parental relationship status were identified asrisk factors influencing the comorbidity of asthma in children with ADHD. Clinically, targeted interventions basedon these factors can be implemented to reduce the risk of comorbid asthma. This information is relevant for resultssections of abstracts in scientific articles.

Whole Exome Sequencing: Novel Genetic Polymorphisms in Saudi Arabian Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Children

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widespread and debilitating disorder with relatively high prevalence in Saudi Arabia. Neuropsychological and radiological investigations have revealed that there are some differences in the components of the brain regions in children with and without ADHD. In this study we have performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in four non-familial cases of ADHD from Makkah Region to identify the genetic polymorphisms associated with the disease in our Saudi population. Methods: Exome sequencing was carried out using Ion Proton with AmpliSeq Exome library methods, and the data were analysed by Ion Reporter 5.6 software. Results: A total of 33 variants were identified from 222 genes selected from the GWAS catalogue for ADHD associated genes. However, the SNPs we identified in these genes were not reported to be associated with ADHD in previous studies. We have identified 2 novel missense variants;one in c.3451G > T;p. (Ala1151Ser) in ITGA1 gene and another is c.988G > A;p. (Ala330Thr) in SPATA13 genes. The variants rs928661, rs11150370 and rs386792899 were the only three variants that appeared on all the 4 patients studied. Six missense variants, rs16841277, rs2228209, rs2230283, rs3741883, rs1716 and rs2272606, were found in 3 different patients, respectively. However, the three documented variants are rs13166360 with bipolar disorder, rs920829 with neuropathic pain, and rs6558702 with schizophrenia. Conclusion: We have identified 2 novel variants in ADHD children. SIFT score of all variants indicates that these substitutions have damaging effects on the protein function. Further screening studies are recommended for confirmation.

Effect of vitamin D treatment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Background In this research the symptom improvement of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of children was assessed by oral vitamin D administration in Tabriz,Iran.Methods In this double-blind,randomized clinical trials,96 children (2-18 years) were enrolled to placebo and vitamin D groups.Children took vitamin D pearl (50,000 IU/week) or placebo for 6 weeks.Children,who had the change in methylphenidate dosage and received any anticonvulsants and corticosteroids were excluded from the research.ADHD symptoms were diagnosed by Conners parent rating scale (CPRS) test at baseline and after intervention.ADHD Conners divided into inattention (IA),hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) and combination type (C) subscales.Vitamin D serum level was assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks in both groups.Results The differences between CPRS and its subscales were not significant at baseline (P > 0.05).The Conners IA score was decreased in vitamin D group (P < 0.05;adjusted with age and baseline values).ADHD Conners and all subscale scores reduced remarkably after intervention in patients with insufficient level of vitamin D compared to placebo (P < 0.05).Conclusions Oral vitamin D improved ADHD symptoms with a particular effect on inattention symptoms.In addition,symptoms related to all subscales were improved remarkably in patients with insufficient level of vitamin D.Vitamin D treatment in children with ADHD could be considered due to the expand benefit of vitamin D in body.

Motor abilities of children and adolescents with a psychiatric condition:A systematic literature review

AIM: To summarize research regarding the motor abilities of children and adolescents who suffer from a common psychiatric condition.METHODS: In order to outline the current knowledge regarding the motor abilities of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders(ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), disruptive behavior disorders(DBD) and depression, a comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out using Pub Med, Medline and ERIC databases. The databases were searched for relevant English language articles published between January 1990 and April 2014. Only studies that conducted a quantitative evaluation of motor ability and concerned individuals aged 0-18 years were included. A separate search was conducted for each disorder(ASD, ADHD, DBD, depression) in conjunction with each of the following keywords:(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement skill(s),(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement abilities,(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement impairment,(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement problem(s), motor function, motor coordination, motor performance, motor deficit(s). To detect supplementary relevant literature, the reference lists of the retrieved articles were examined. RESULTS: The search strategy yielded 51 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. In total, 28 studies were included that examined the motor abilities of children and adolescents with ASD. All studies indicated that they performed below average on various standardized motor assessment instruments. The overall prevalence rate for impairment in motor abilities ranged from 33% to 100%. Twenty-seven studies examined the motor abilities of children and adolescents with ADHD. Depending on the type of motor assessment tool and the cut-off points used by different researchers, prevalence rates of impairment in motor abilities are highly variable and ranged from 8% to 73%. Remarkably, there is a paucity of research addressing the motor abilities of individuals with DBD or depression. Furthermore, methodological problems, such as measurement and comorbidity issues, complicate the generalization of the findings. CONCLUSION: Research suggests that motor impairment is highly prevalent in some psychiatric conditions, particularly ASD and ADHD. However, future work is necessary to draw sound conclusions.

伴与不伴抑郁情绪的ADHD儿童的临床症状初步研究

目的 了解注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童抑郁情绪检出率,比较伴与不伴抑郁情绪的ADHD儿童的临床症状.方法 取儿童精神科门诊9～14岁ADHD儿童66名（男57、女9）,用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表（SCARED）和儿童行为量表（CBCL）进行评定,并按照DSRSC评分是否达到或高于划界分把ADHD儿童分为伴与不伴抑郁情绪两组.结果 ADHD儿童中18人DSRSC评分达到或高于划界分,抑郁情绪检出率为27.3%,CBCL评定显示退缩、焦虑/抑郁、社交问题、注意问题、攻击性行为、内化性行为问题和行为问题总分伴抑郁情绪组显著高于不伴抑郁情绪组,SCARED评定显示躯体/惊恐、广泛性焦虑、学校恐怖3个因子分和焦虑总分伴抑郁组显著高于不伴抑郁组.结论 ADHD儿童抑郁情绪检出率较高,伴抑郁的ADHD比单纯ADHD儿童有更多的行为问题,情绪问题更严重.

Review of the effects of SARS-CoV2 infection and COVID-19 on common pediatric psychiatric illnesses

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is a novel coronavirus strain that causes pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome along with other morbidities,collectively known as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disease.There has been widespread discussion about the psychological impact of COVID-19 particularly on children and adolescents.There have been overarching negative effects with regards to decreased physical activity,more screen time,increasingly unhealthy diets,and irregularities in sleep/wake schedules.This,coupled with disruptions in ongoing mental health treatment and associated support structures,has caused unprecedented declines in the emotional and psychosocial wellbeing of children and adolescents.This review aims to systematically review the literature to provide a general overview of the ways in which COVID-19 has affected common psychiatric illnesses in children and adolescents.The included articles in all subsections concluded that symptoms of these common childhood psychiatric disorders have generally been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.This review indicates that quarantine and the consequent isolation have had multiple significant and consistent negative implications on the mental health of children and adolescents.Our study indicates that there should be increased vigilance among providers and families to mitigate the negative psychological effects that the COVID-19 pandemic has on children with common childhood psychiatric disorders.