Travel-Limiting Disabilities in the United States: Why Accessibility Matters?

This study evaluates the distribution of travel-limiting disabilities across genders and geographic locations in the United States. This study aims to describe and compare the socioeconomic and demographic variables of the people with and without travel-limiting disabilities across geographic locations and gender. The study further evaluates the trip purpose and impact of Covid-19 fourth wave pandemic on the use of public transit and travel to physical workplace for the people with and without travel-limiting disabilities across gender and geographic locations. The study uses the 2022 weighted National Household Travel Survey dataset and employs descriptive statistics. Results reaffirm the findings from previous literature that there are more people with travel-limiting disabilities in urban areas and among women. Over 50 percent of people aged 65 and above have a form of travel-limiting disabilities. The most trip for people with travel-limiting disabilities is made for shopping and medical purposes. Across all categories, rural areas, urban areas, male and female for the people without travel-limiting disabilities, COVID-19 fourth wave did not change the pattern of trips made to physical workplace as pre-COVID-19 era. This pattern is also observable for the people with travel-limiting disabilities in rural and urban areas. Females with travel-limiting disabilities reported making less trips to physical workplaces while male reported doing the same as before COVID-19 era. The study concludes that the quantification of travel-limiting disabilities across geographic location and gender is vital in disability study and could drive policy implementation for improved accessibility for the vulnerable population.

Challenges of agriculture and food systems issues in China and the United States

China and the United States are the two most significant nations in the contemporary global food and agricultural network.In addition,they are two of the most important innovators with respect to the development of new crop varieties,agro-technologies,farm products,markets and consumer issues,such as consumer resistance to genetically modified foods,among others.In the face of an ever-complex web of interactions,technologies and products among producers and consumers in both nations,there are far more structural similarities than differences in the food and agriculture sectors of these two nations.This essay,adopting some of the themes of the Sino-American Symposium on Future Issues Affecting Quality of Life,presents a limited but representative comparative assessment of three of the most important shared challenges impacting the agricultural sectors of China and the United States for the period from 2000 to the present including 1)environmental challenges related to agricultural water supply,2)declines in farm labor and rural population,and 3)growing food-related concerns and challenges.For both nations,excessive and unsustainable groundwater consumption has lowered water tables and limited crop production.Rural populations and farm workforces in both nations are also declining,leading to labor challenges in both nations.Finally,concerns regarding food safety are also very similar with major challenges to the farm sector associated with consumer resistance to genetically modified food crops and sanitation issues linked to lengthening supply chains.All of these issues threaten the development of sustainable agricultural production systems.

Do people really support conservation?Evidence from China and the United States

Survey studies have consistently shown strong public support for biodiversity conservation,even though conservation regulations often face strong local resistance when they are implemented.This seemingly contradictory phenomenon is due to the fact that previous polls have sought opinion only in the abstract,yet many conservation measures are implemented at the expense of local economic development,and policymakers often face a‘Conservation-Development Tradeoff’-a policy dilemma that remains understudied by social scientists.To fill this gap,this study conducts one of the first comparative surveys on public support for biodiversity conservation in China and the United States.I measure public support for conservation using two separate question versions online.The‘regular version’asks directly about individual support for biodiversity conservation,and the“tradeoff version”asks the same question but in the context of the policy tradeoff.The results show that both American and Chinese citizens are highly supportive of conservation in the abstract.But after they learn about the tradeoff effect,the aggregate support falls sharply,and the Chinese citizens show significantly less support compared to their American counterparts.The survey findings expanded on existing academic research on public attitudes toward conservation policies and can encourage future conservation policymakers to understand the significance of the tradeoff issue,as conventional wisdom may have overestimated public support for biodiversity conservation.Moreover,as China has become a crucial player in global conservation governance,understanding the Chinese public sentiment on the real-world policy dilemma can have important implications for conservation policymaking in the world.

A Comparative Study for the Development of Coal-to-Liquids Industries in China, South Africa and United States

Many energy consuming countries have carried out research, development, demonstration, planning and deployment of coal-to-liquids (CTL) because of its ability to replace oil imports by converting coal resources into fuel. Among them, China and South Africa successfully had their CTL technology industrialized, while the United States did not. To understand the differences in the industrial development level, a comparative study is necessary. This paper compares the history, driver and policy of CTL industry in China, South Africa and United States, collates and discloses numbers of industry details for the first time. We figure out that the motivation, top level planning and policy consistency are the key indicators of the difference on the industrial development level. Among them, the key to the success of CTL industrialization in China and South Africa is the government’s strong and stable determination to improve energy security, which provides a stable top-level planning and robust policy support. The failure of CTL in United States is caused by the shift of policy attention after its energy security situation improved.

United States Law on the Protection of Abused and Neglected Children

I. Introduction This paper discusses child protection in the United States. I will discuss four general topics. The first topic is United States laws on the protection of children from child abuse and neglect. The second topic is providing care for children who must be removed from their homes. The third is the role of courts in child protection in the United States.

Racial differences in the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer:a study of differences between American and Chinese patients

AIM: To compare the racial differences of anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine the association of age, gender and time with anatomical distribution between patients from America (white) and China (oriental).METHODS: Data was collected from 690 consecutive patients in Cleveland Clinic Florida, U.S.A. and 870consecutive patients in Nan Fang Hospital affiliated to the First Military Medical University, China over the past 11years from 1990 to 2000. All patients had colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by histology and underwent surgery.RESULTS: The anatomical subsite distribution of tumor,age and gender were significantly different between white and oriental patients. Lesions in the proximal colon (P＜0.001) were found in 36.3 % of white vs 26.0 % of oriental patients and cancers located in the distal colon and rectum in 63.7 % of white and 74 % of oriental patients (P＜0.001). There was a trend towards the redistribution from distal colon and rectum to proximal colon in white males over time, especially in older patients (＞80 years).No significant change of anatomical distribution occurred in white women and Oriental patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.0 years in white patients and 48.3 years in Oriental patients (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: This is the first study comparing the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancers in whites and Chinese patients. White Americans have a higher risk of proximal CRC and this risk increased with time. The proportion of white males with CRC also increased with time.Chinese patients were more likely to have distal CRC and developed the disease at a significantly earlier age than white patients. These findings have enhanced our understanding of the disease process of colorectal cancer in these two races.

Transnational Mathematics and Movements: Shiingshen Chern, Hua Luogeng, and the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study from World War II to the Cold War

This paper reconstructs,based on American and Chinese primary sources,the visits of Chinese mathematicians Shiing-shen Chern陈省身(Chen Xingshen)and Hua Luogeng华罗庚(Loo-Keng Hua)4 to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in the United States in the 1940s,especially their interactions with Oswald Veblen and Hermann Weyl,two leading mathematicians at the IAS.It argues that Chern’s and Hua’s motivations and choices in regard to their transnational movements between China and the US were more nuanced and multifaceted than what is presented in existing accounts,and that socio-political factors combined with professional-personal ones to shape their decisions.The paper further uses their experiences to demonstrate the importance of transnational scientific interactions for the development of science in China,the US,and elsewhere in the twentieth century.

The Evolution of Landscape and Greenway Planning in the USA at the University of Massachusetts —— Amherst (1970 to date)

The planning aspects of landscape architecture in the United States including its origin, planning principles and landscape assessment techniques developed by "METLAND" system are introduced in this paper. Thereafter, the development of greenway in the USA and its actualities are discussed with examples, and significant greenway proposals for America in recent years are made.

Educating the children of migrants in China and the United States:a common challenge?

The education of the children of migrants is a policy issue of great importance in both China and the United States.While first generation migrants have generally completed their education in the place of origin,and some may return,their children will generally remain in the receiving place.Both pragmatic and moral considerations therefore require that schools equip them to participate fully in society as workers and citizens.This paper considers what we know about the education of children of low-skilled international labor migrants in the United States and the children of rural-urban migrants in China.It finds that although one migration flow is international and the other internal,the similar background characteristics of migrants create common challenges in both contexts;and the structure of both education systems serves to exacerbate underlying socio-economic inequalities.Residential segregation,unequal funding and formal and informal tracking processes concentrate migrant children in poor quality schools,resulting in low average levels of attainment and high drop-out rates.There are some obvious steps that could be taken in China to expand opportunities for migrant children,especially with regard to the transition to post-compulsory education,which is still constrained by their parents’household registration status(hukou).However,the experience of the United States shows that expanding access,while necessary,is not sufficient to level the playing field.To do this,targeted investments must be made to meet the specific educational needs of migrant children.

在线课程设计的建构主义范式诠释——美国BrainPOP在线课程的案例研究

作为国际教学设计领域的重要主题,学习环境设计对国内在线课程的影响却甚微。以乔纳森的CLEs模型为框架来分析美国知名在线课程BrainPOP,深入剖析了问题、相关案例、信息资源、认知工具、会话与协作以及社会境脉支持等六个要素和三大教学策略的具体实现机制及其背后的设计原则。BrainPOP鲜明的建构主义特色表现在:用技术学习的设计思想;关注学生的认知投入、激发内在学习动机;关注知识建构、促进高阶思维目标达成;线上与线下融合机制促进混合式教学自然发生。这些将对我国在线课程的创新设计与发展带来直接指导与借鉴。

Learning from Taiyuan: Chinese cities as urban sustainability laboratories

China and the United States are the two most significant nations in the contemporary global food and agricultural network.In addition,they are two of the most important innovators with respect to the development of new crop varieties,agro-technologies,farm products,markets and consumer issues,such as consumer resistance to genetically modified foods,among others.In the face of an ever-complex web of interactions,technologies and products among producers and consumers in both nations,there are far more structural similarities than differences in the food and agriculture sectors of these two nations.This essay,adopting some of the themes of the Sino-American Symposium on Future Issues Affecting Quality of Life,presents a limited but representative comparative assessment of three of the most important shared challenges impacting the agricultural sectors of China and the United States for the period from 2000 to the present including 1)environmental challenges related to agricultural water supply,2)declines in farm labor and rural population,and 3)growing food-related concerns and challenges.For both nations,excessive and unsustainable groundwater consumption has lowered water tables and limited crop production.Rural populations and farm workforces in both nations are also declining,leading to labor challenges in both nations.Finally,concerns regarding food safety are also very similar with major challenges to the farm sector associated with consumer resistance to genetically modified food crops and sanitation issues linked to lengthening supply chains.All of these issues threaten the development of sustainable agricultural production systems.

Comparative study of breast cancer in Mexican and Mexican-American women

Breast cancer is the number one cause of can- cer deaths among Hispanic women in the United States, and in Mexico, it recently became the primary cause of cancer deaths. This malign- nancy represents a poorly understood and un- derstudied disease in Hispanic women. The ELLA Binational Breast Cancer Study was es- tablished in 2006 as a multi-center study to as- sess patterns of breast tumor markers, clinical characteristics, and their risk factors in women of Mexican descent. We describe the design and implementation of the ELLA Study and provide a risk factor comparison between women in the U.S. and those in Mexico based on a sample of 765 patients (364 in the U.S. and 401 in Mexico). Compared to women in Mexico, U.S. women had significantly (p < 0.05) lower parity (3.2 vs. 3.9 mean live births) and breastfeeding rates (57.5% vs. 80.5%), higher use of oral contraceptives (60.7% vs. 50.1%) and hormone replacement therapy (23.3% vs. 7.6%), and higher family history of breast cancer (15.7% vs. 9.0%). Re- sults show that differences in breast cancer risk factor patterns exist between Mexico and U.S. women. We provide lessons learned from the conduct of our study. Binational studies are an important step in understanding disease pat- terns and etiology for women in both countries.

China and the United States Should Build A New Type of Major Powers Relations——A Study on China’s U.S. Policy Thinking since the New Century

Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, China has formed a series of guidelines and policies towards the United States, which are the theoretical foundation of China’s U.S. policy thinking in the New Century. Entering the new century, the international situation has undergone profound and complicated changes, the national strength gap between China and the United States has narrowed, their common interests have expanded, differences and contradictions have increased. Therefore, China stands for both countries to adhere to the direction of developing cooperative partnership, respect each other, abide by the promises, seek equal and mutual benefits and win-win cooperation, and mutually respect each others core interests. The future development of China-U.S. relations still face many challenges and China’s U.S. policy thinking needs to keep abreast with the times.

以期刊作为方法:美国的中国学学术史变迁

中国学期刊是展示美国中国学领域科研成果的重要载体之一,为美国和全球的区域研究提供了重要的交流平台和思想资源。美国中国学期刊的发展反映了中美关系的冷暖亲疏,大致分为三个阶段:冷战前后的曲折起步;中美建交前后的繁荣发展;全球化时代的深化拓展。为了更好推进这一领域的研究,可以从系统论、谱系论、关系论、比较论四个方面寻找解决办法。以中国学期刊作为方法,考察其不同历史阶段所呈现的创刊理念、发展路径、学者活动以及学术影响,可以透视期刊视野中的中国学历史面貌与演进过程,了解美国文化软实力的建构方式,加强中美之间的文明互鉴与交流。

美国流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系构建:历程、特征与挑战

流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的构建是提升家庭教育质量、实现社会公平的必然要求。美国流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的构建历经起步阶段政府介入服务到发展阶段形成流动儿童家庭教育指导服务框架,再到全面完善阶段构建流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的三个历史阶段,呈现出服务理念从机会公平走向结果公平、服务对象从单一主体转为家庭整体训练、服务主体从各司其职趋向多方协同共治、服务手段从信息共享转为精准技术治理的显著特征。美国流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的发展已趋于成熟,但仍存在贫困与就业困难阻碍流动儿童家庭教育指导服务效果、移民增多与地方竞争增加财政压力以及信息和政策壁垒制约流动儿童家庭教育指导服务获得等挑战。

美国联邦政府社区“一老一小”代际间互助项目的价值取向与运行机制——美国代理祖父母志愿者项目的经验

美国代理祖父母志愿者项目是借助代际间服务型学习方法,以满足社区需求为导向,利用各类资源实施的一种社区教育和服务活动,旨在改善老年人生活质量,促进老年人和儿童青少年共同发展,构建互利共生社区服务型学习生态。其运行机制包括涵盖招募选拔、志愿者培训、服务实践和绩效评估四个环节及分工明确的协同合作。其项目实践以循证服务模式为依托,项目设计与运行保持了一定的自主性,效果评估体现了综合多维性。美国代理祖父母志愿者项目可以为我国发挥社区作用,推动社区教育发展,促进养老托幼一体化服务建设,构建互利共生的服务型学习生态提供参考借鉴。

“由史入论”:英美情报研究路径之比较

[研究目的]情报研究是西方学界社会科学研究的重要组成部分。英美情报研究都发源于二战时期历史学者参与情报工作实践的经验,在战后均以情报史为基础开展研究。英国情报学界在情报史领域成果斐然,但其理论研究水平远逊于美国,形成了情报研究英国学派,两国体现出明显的研究路径分野。比较英美两国情报研究路径,可为我国情报研究提供参考。[研究方法]运用历史研究、文献分析、比较研究、归因分析等方法,系统梳理英美情报研究的发展历程,比较其异同之处,并探究其路径分野的原因。[研究结论]英美两国不同政治文化的影响,社会科学研究传统的差异,以及实践参与程度的不同,是两国情报研究路径分野的原因。情报研究应当以历史研究为基础,防止过度保密,积极推进理论与实践的交融。

关爱未来:家校社全方位护航——美国儿童青少年心理健康服务概述

美国儿童青少年心理健康问题的现状是一个备受关注的议题。文章概括了美国儿童青少年的心理问题类别及现状,梳理了美国政府有关心理健康问题的职能、应对措施及关注儿童青少年心理健康问题的机构和政策,并在此基础上重点介绍了美国学校、社区、社会和家庭心理健康服务,以及信息化手段在儿童青少年心理健康的咨询、评估和治疗中的重要应用。总体而言,美国以其多层次的机构共建和家校社的全方位护航,为儿童青少年的健康发展赋予希望和未来。