Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memor...Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading.展开更多
Objective To compare the eye-movement patterns of Chinese children with developmental dyslexia（DD children） with those of non-dyslexic children as they perform the Stroop Color and Word Test（SCWT）, and to explore ...Objective To compare the eye-movement patterns of Chinese children with developmental dyslexia（DD children） with those of non-dyslexic children as they perform the Stroop Color and Word Test（SCWT）, and to explore the relationship between their eye-movement patterns and interference effect. Methods An EyeLink II was used to record the eye-movement parameters of 32 DD children and 37 non-dyslexic children as they performed the SCWT. The independent samples t-test and repeated measures were used to analyze behavioral and eye-movement parameters. Results Compared to the control group, Chinese DD children presented lower accuracy（F = 8.488）, slower response time（F = 25.306）, and larger interference effect（t = 2.29）; Chinese DD children also exhibited lower frequency of fixations（F = 6.069）, greater numbers of saccades（F = 7.914） and fixations（F = 5.272）, and shorter mean saccade distance（F = 4.03）. All behavioral and eye-movement parameters differed significantly among the three tasks in the SCWT. There was significant interaction between groups and tasks in accuracy（F = 5.844）, and marginally significant interaction in response time（F = 3.040）. Chinese DD children tended to have lower accuracy and longer response time than the control group in the ＇color-word naming＇ task. Conclusion Compared to non-dyslexic children, Chinese DD children are subject to a stronger interference effect. When performing the SCWT, Chinese DD children exhibit abnormal eye-movement patterns, namely shorter mean saccade distance, lower frequency of fixations, and more fixations and saccades. These abnormal eye movements may be relatively stable oculomotor patterns of DD children performing visual processing, and not influenced by impaired interference effect.展开更多
This study presents a comparison between three different fonts in order to know the possible influence they may have when used in educational materials for children with readers difficulties resulting from dyslexia. T...This study presents a comparison between three different fonts in order to know the possible influence they may have when used in educational materials for children with readers difficulties resulting from dyslexia. Two of the three selected fonts （Arial and MeMimas） are frequently used in textbooks in Spain. The third type of letter （Dixy） was specially developed for typographic research purposes, following graphic features that according to literature and previous studies on reading patterns favor the dyslexic, and could improve reading skills in these individuals. To examine the quality of reading （speed and accuracy） between fonts, a small--but significant--sample was used. Ten children in Madrid, from eight to 10 years old were examined while reading words and pseudowords with three different fonts （Arial, MeMimas, and Dixy）. The result of the study shows the influence of the shapes of the letters in the legibility of texts with familiar and unfamiliar words （pseudowords） in children with dyslexia. The study showed that using the font Dixy, despite not being known by the children, reading is more accurate than using fonts known to them, such as Arial and MeMimas. As to the reading speed, the results indicate that, although the Dixy is a font never seen before by the children, reading speed is similar to a known font for them, as is the Arial, and greater than a hand writing font such as MeMimas.展开更多
目的:探索汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的阅读特点。方法:整群抽取武汉市3所小学3-5年级儿童820人,根据ICD-10诊断标准,采取分层检测的策略筛查出阅读障碍儿童55名。按1∶2配比选取年龄、性别、家庭经济状况相似的正常儿童110名进行配对研究...目的:探索汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的阅读特点。方法:整群抽取武汉市3所小学3-5年级儿童820人,根据ICD-10诊断标准,采取分层检测的策略筛查出阅读障碍儿童55名。按1∶2配比选取年龄、性别、家庭经济状况相似的正常儿童110名进行配对研究,采用儿童汉语阅读障碍量表(Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children,DCCC)对汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童和正常儿童的阅读特点进行评估。结果:汉语发展性阅读障碍的筛出率为6.7%;阅读障碍组儿童DCCC8因子得分均高于正常对照组儿童(15.2±3.7/10.1±3.3、21.6±3.7/13.4±4.9、16.1±3.5/10.6±3.7、16.8±3.6/11.7±3.1、15.9±3.9/11.5±3.5、21.4±4.3/14.5±4.6、14.9±3.7/9.4±2.8、23.2±4.4/15.9±4.7,P均<0.001)。回归分析表明,各个因素的OR值均具有显著性意义(P均<0.001),但只有听知觉进入方程(OR=2.00);DCCC各项得分的性别间比较显示,正常儿童男生各因子分数均高于女生(P<0.05),而阅读障碍儿童仅口语能力得分男生低于女生(15.3±3.7/17.8±4.1,t=-2.057,P=0.045)(P<0.05)。DCCC各项得分的年级间比较显示,正常儿童各因子得分年级间差异均有显著性,而阅读障碍儿童的听知觉、意义理解、书写技能、阅读习惯因子得分年级间差异有显著性,三年级各项得分均为最高。结论:汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童在阅读中各个环节均受损害,但以听知觉损害为主。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30872132
文摘Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 81302437 and title ‘A study on brain mechanisms of abnormal voluntary control of saccades in Chinese children with reading disability’the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 81673197 and title ‘Brain mechanisms of Cantonese-Mandarin-English phonological processing deficits in Cantonese children with developmental dyslexia’the young teacher training program of Sun Yat-sen University(Medicine)under grant number 13ykpy11 and title ‘A comparison study on brain mechanisms of phonological processing between Cantonese-speaking children and Mandarin-speaking children with developmental dyslexia’
文摘Objective To compare the eye-movement patterns of Chinese children with developmental dyslexia（DD children） with those of non-dyslexic children as they perform the Stroop Color and Word Test（SCWT）, and to explore the relationship between their eye-movement patterns and interference effect. Methods An EyeLink II was used to record the eye-movement parameters of 32 DD children and 37 non-dyslexic children as they performed the SCWT. The independent samples t-test and repeated measures were used to analyze behavioral and eye-movement parameters. Results Compared to the control group, Chinese DD children presented lower accuracy（F = 8.488）, slower response time（F = 25.306）, and larger interference effect（t = 2.29）; Chinese DD children also exhibited lower frequency of fixations（F = 6.069）, greater numbers of saccades（F = 7.914） and fixations（F = 5.272）, and shorter mean saccade distance（F = 4.03）. All behavioral and eye-movement parameters differed significantly among the three tasks in the SCWT. There was significant interaction between groups and tasks in accuracy（F = 5.844）, and marginally significant interaction in response time（F = 3.040）. Chinese DD children tended to have lower accuracy and longer response time than the control group in the ＇color-word naming＇ task. Conclusion Compared to non-dyslexic children, Chinese DD children are subject to a stronger interference effect. When performing the SCWT, Chinese DD children exhibit abnormal eye-movement patterns, namely shorter mean saccade distance, lower frequency of fixations, and more fixations and saccades. These abnormal eye movements may be relatively stable oculomotor patterns of DD children performing visual processing, and not influenced by impaired interference effect.
文摘This study presents a comparison between three different fonts in order to know the possible influence they may have when used in educational materials for children with readers difficulties resulting from dyslexia. Two of the three selected fonts （Arial and MeMimas） are frequently used in textbooks in Spain. The third type of letter （Dixy） was specially developed for typographic research purposes, following graphic features that according to literature and previous studies on reading patterns favor the dyslexic, and could improve reading skills in these individuals. To examine the quality of reading （speed and accuracy） between fonts, a small--but significant--sample was used. Ten children in Madrid, from eight to 10 years old were examined while reading words and pseudowords with three different fonts （Arial, MeMimas, and Dixy）. The result of the study shows the influence of the shapes of the letters in the legibility of texts with familiar and unfamiliar words （pseudowords） in children with dyslexia. The study showed that using the font Dixy, despite not being known by the children, reading is more accurate than using fonts known to them, such as Arial and MeMimas. As to the reading speed, the results indicate that, although the Dixy is a font never seen before by the children, reading speed is similar to a known font for them, as is the Arial, and greater than a hand writing font such as MeMimas.
文摘目的:探索汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的阅读特点。方法:整群抽取武汉市3所小学3-5年级儿童820人,根据ICD-10诊断标准,采取分层检测的策略筛查出阅读障碍儿童55名。按1∶2配比选取年龄、性别、家庭经济状况相似的正常儿童110名进行配对研究,采用儿童汉语阅读障碍量表(Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children,DCCC)对汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童和正常儿童的阅读特点进行评估。结果:汉语发展性阅读障碍的筛出率为6.7%;阅读障碍组儿童DCCC8因子得分均高于正常对照组儿童(15.2±3.7/10.1±3.3、21.6±3.7/13.4±4.9、16.1±3.5/10.6±3.7、16.8±3.6/11.7±3.1、15.9±3.9/11.5±3.5、21.4±4.3/14.5±4.6、14.9±3.7/9.4±2.8、23.2±4.4/15.9±4.7,P均<0.001)。回归分析表明,各个因素的OR值均具有显著性意义(P均<0.001),但只有听知觉进入方程(OR=2.00);DCCC各项得分的性别间比较显示,正常儿童男生各因子分数均高于女生(P<0.05),而阅读障碍儿童仅口语能力得分男生低于女生(15.3±3.7/17.8±4.1,t=-2.057,P=0.045)(P<0.05)。DCCC各项得分的年级间比较显示,正常儿童各因子得分年级间差异均有显著性,而阅读障碍儿童的听知觉、意义理解、书写技能、阅读习惯因子得分年级间差异有显著性,三年级各项得分均为最高。结论:汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童在阅读中各个环节均受损害,但以听知觉损害为主。
