Association between BMI and Dental Caries among School Children and Adolescents in Jiangsu Province, China

Obesity has reached epidemic levels in recent years and remains a global public health problem worldwide despite improvements in oral disease prevention programs. Additionally, the prevalence of oral disease has rapidly increased in a number of lowand middle-income countries, accelerated by the greatest burden and higher risk factors, such as presenting in changes of eating habits,

Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability for Dental Caries among Children Aged 0-14 Years in China, 1990-2016

The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.

Prevalence and Years of Life Lost due to Disability from Dental Caries among Children and Adolescents in Western China,1990-2015

Objective To analyze the prevalence and years lived with disability （YLD） from dental caries among children and adolescents and the time trends over the past two decades in Sichuan province, the largest province in west China. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 （GBD2015）, which systematically assessed the epidemiological characteristics of major diseases and their transitions by country and region from 1990 to 2015, we extracted the estimated results for China. We then used the Bayesian meta-regression method to estimate the sex- and age-specific prevalences and YLDs from dental caries among children and adolescents under 15 years old in Sichuan province and compared them with global and national indicators for the same period. Results In 2015, there were almost 6 million cases of dental caries in children and adolescents （aged 〈 15 years） in Sichuan province, accounting for 6% of the total cases in China. For children under 5 years, the prevalence of deciduous caries was 55.9%, and the YLDs value was 10.8 per 100,000, while it was 24.3% and 5.1 per 100,000 respectively among 5- to 14-year-olds; for those aged 5 to 14 years, the prevalence of permanent caries was 21.5%, and the YLDs value was 11.5 per 100,000. From 1990 to 2015, the prevalence of dental caries for children under 5 years increased substantially, by 16.2%, and the YLDs increased by 8.7%. Among those aged 5 to 14 years, the prevalence increased and the YLDs decreased. Conclusion Dental caries remains a huge health burden in Western China. In contrast to the global and national data, the trend has increased rapidly over the past 25 years in this region. This work provides suggestions for the prevention and control for oral health in China with the policy of two-child.

Association between Asthma and Dental Caries amongst 12 - 15 Years Old Children: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Karachi, Pakistan

Objective: The study aimed to determine an association between dental caries and asthma among 12 to 15 years old children. Methods: This is a school-based cross-sectional study conducted from January to February 2016. A random sample of 544 children aged 12 - 15 years were enrolled from five private schools of Karachi. Dental caries was assessed using DMFT Index (Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth). The main exposure variable was asthma and information on it was collected through the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Results: The data was analyzed using Cox Proportional Hazard algorithm. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% CI were reported. Total 554 children, 306 (56.3%) boys and 43.7% girls participated in the study. Mean age of children was 13.2 ± 0.05 years. Total number of children with DMFT > 0 was 30.5%. The decayed component contributed largely (22.8%) to the DMFT score. Overall prevalence of asthma was 20%. Prevalence of caries in asthmatic children was 28.4% as compared to 31% among non-asthmatic children. Adjusted prevalence ratio of dental caries in asthmatic children was 0.8 (95% CI 0.6 - 1.3) after adjusting for carious food intake, age, oral hygiene index and dentist visit;the association between asthma and dental caries turned out to be in-significant. Conclusions: There was no association observed between asthma and dental caries among the children examined in this study.

Characterizing Diversity of Lactobacilli Associated with Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Study Protocol

Lactobacilli have been consistently associated with dental caries for decades;however, knowledge of this group of bacteria in the etiology of the disease is limited to quantitative elucidation. Nowadays, explicit identification of oral Lactobacillus species is possible, despite their taxonomic complexity. Here we describe a combined approach involving both cultivation and genetic methods to ascertain and characterize the diversity and abundance of the Lactobacillus population in the oral cavities of children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Eighty 3- to 6-year-old children (40 S-ECC and 40 caries free) who were seeking dental care at the Pediatric Dental Clinic of Bellevue Hospital in New York City were invited to participate in this study. Clinical data on sociodemographic information and oral health behavior were obtained from the primary caregiver. The data included a detailed dental examination, children’s medical history, and a questionnaire survey. Combined non-stimulated saliva and supragingival plaque samples were collected from each child and cultivated on selective media for quantitative measures of lactobacilli levels. The procedure for Lactobacillus species screening will include the random selection of 50 colonies per plate, ex- traction of DNA from each colony, and genotyping by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Each unique Lactobacillus AP-PCR genotype will be selected for taxonomic assessment by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Lactobacillus species will be identified by comparing the 16S rRNA sequences with the Ribosomal Database and the Human Oral Microbiome Database. Meanwhile, the same set of clinical samples will be independently subjected to genomic DNA isolation, 16S rRNA amplification with Lactobacillus genus-specific primers, sequencing, and taxonomic identification, both at genus and species levels with a customized pipeline. The distribution and phylogenetic differences of these Lactobacillus species will be compared between children with or without S-ECC. One of the main objectives of this study is to establish a study protocol for the identification and characterization of lactobacilli in the oral cavity. Future caries risk assessments can include lactobacilli counts (quantitative) and the presence/absence of specific cario- genic genetic signatures of a Lactobacillus species (qualitative) associated with S-ECC.

Family counseling of dental and oral care for preventing caries of dental during preschool age: a literature review

Incorrect family behavior in caring for the dental and oral health of preschool-aged children can affect the incidence of dental caries in these children and can cause more serious health problems in the future if not treated immediately,so it is important to find the right solution.This study aims to determine the effect of family counseling on dental and oral care for preschoolers.This study uses a narrative literature review method.Search articles using 5 databases(Pubmed,ScienceDirect,SpringerLink,ProQuest,and Google Scholar)to search for articles with the keywords family counseling AND Oral health AND Early Childhood Caries AND Behavior Change AND Family and the article selection process refers to the Flow diagram of the PRISMA Statement 2020.The results showed that there were 7 articles analyzed in this study.The implementation of family counseling has a significant effect in increasing self-efficacy,knowledge,ability,and motivation of the family,as well as the behavior of the child,to reduce the risk of dental caries in preschool-age children,taking into account several conditions.It was determined that family counseling is effective in reducing the incidence of dental caries in preschool children.

Cariostat与患龋现状关系之研究

目的明确龋病活跃性与患龋现状的关系。方法对３９１名３５岁幼儿进行患龋状况的调查和龋病活跃性检测。结果患龋率为６８８０％，ｄｆｔ为３４０±３７８，龋蚀指数ＣＳＩ为９５９±１２４０。上述各项在男女间均无性别差异（Ｐ＞００５），在各年龄组间均有高度统计学意义（Ｐ＜００００１）。龋病活跃性检测采用Ｃａｒｉｏｓｔａｔ法，结果显示０度占４０９％，１度占４７０６％，２度占４２４５％，３度占６４０％。Ｃａｒｉｏｓｔａｔ各度间的患龋率、ｄｆｔ和ＣＳＩ均有高度统计学意义（Ｐ＜０００００１），Ｃａｒｉｏｓｔａｔ与患龋率、ｄｆｔ和ＣＳＩ均有高度正相关关系（ｒ分别为０２８８，０４８７，０４３４，Ｐ＝００００１）。结论Ｃａｒｉｏｓｔａｔ法在反映患龋现状方面有一定的可靠性，在开展幼儿龋病的防治工作中有参考价值。

Carisolv伢典治疗乳牙龋的临床研究

目的评价Carisolv伢典治疗乳牙龋损的优越性和实用性。方法门诊儿童龋齿患者238例,随机分为伢典治疗组120例和牙钻对照组118例,分别采用伢典去龋玻璃离子充填和常规磨牙去龋玻璃离子充填,治疗中采用行为分析法对患儿在治疗中的行为表现进行评估,并于术后3年复查患牙充填物。结果伢典组患儿几乎没有疼痛的感觉,代之以安静、安全、愿意接受,其失败病例发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。伢典组行为分级达3、4度的儿童有68.34%,而对照组却只有22.88%,差异也有统计学意义。结论伢典应用是一种安全实用的新技术,在治疗儿童龋齿方面有极大的优越性。

北京市2011-2022年5岁儿童乳牙龋纵向变化分析

目的了解北京市5岁儿童口腔健康状况及趋势,对自2011年开始每年开展的3~5岁儿童氟化泡沫项目进行效果评价。方法对照三次流调抽样原则,进行分层、整群随机抽样,每个区县根据经济水平高低随机各抽取3所幼儿园5岁儿童进行调查,每所幼儿园抽取60人。分析其患龋率、龋均及充填率等变化情况。结果2011年患龋率和龋均为最高值,2012-2022年患龋率及龋均均低于2011年,并自2018年后逐渐趋于稳定。充填率呈上升趋势;SiC指数位于7~8之间。患龋率、龋均及充填率男女对比无差异(P>0.05),城乡有差异(P<0.05)。结论从2011年起在全北京市范围内开展氟化泡沫等综合龋病预防项目以来,北京市患龋情况得以初步控制,但仍需进一步加强防治工作。

199例学龄前儿童龋齿的影响因素研究

目的探讨学龄前儿童患龋的影响因素,为预防龋齿提供参考依据。方法选取2020年3月1日至6月30日该院口腔科就医1~6岁学龄前儿童199例,根据是否龋齿将研究对象分为病例组(119例)和对照组(80例)。比较2组喂养方式、断夜奶年龄等因素,并分析学龄前儿童患龋的影响因素。结果2组在年龄、身高方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在性别、体重、家庭所在地,家庭人均年收入方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组在喂养方式、断夜奶年龄、断母乳年龄、口腔检查目的、第1次去口腔医院就诊年龄比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。断母乳年龄、第1次去口腔医院就诊年龄和口腔检查目的是预防龋齿的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论断母乳年龄、第1次去口腔医院就诊年龄和口腔检查目的是预防龋齿的影响因素。尽早看牙医,及时治疗,同时注意口腔卫生,及时采取干预措施,可降低学龄前儿童龋齿发生率。

青海省5岁儿童龋齿患病状况及影响因素分析

目的 分析青海省2017年5岁儿童龋齿患病状况及影响因素。方法 依据2017年第四次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查结果中青海省的数据,按地区、性别分别计算5岁儿童患龋指标,按地区分析5岁儿童家长对口腔健康的知识与态度、儿童饮食习惯及儿童口腔卫生服务利用情况,并与2007年第三次全国口腔流行病学调查结果中青海省的数据进行比较;采用多因素Logistic回归分析儿童龋齿的影响因素。结果 2017年青海省5岁儿童患龋率为77.75%,较2007年上升了6.34个百分点(χ^(2)=5.818,P<0.05);其中城市地区儿童患龋率上升了10.81个百分点(χ^(2)=7.880,P<0.05),女童患龋率上升了14.00个百分点(χ^(2)=13.530,P<0.05)。2017年青海省5岁儿童龋齿填充率为1.76%,较2007年下降了0.14个百分点,其中城市地区儿童龋齿填充率高于农村地区儿童(χ^(2)=12.859,P<0.05)。2017年青海省5岁儿童龋均为4.69,较2007年增加了1.39。2017年青海省5岁儿童家长口腔健康知晓率为36.47%,较2007年上升了20.58个百分点;儿童家长对口腔健康持积极态度的比例为60.78%,较2007年下降了17.57个百分点。2017年青海省5岁儿童在过去12个月内出现牙痛或不适的比例为35.78%,而有就医经历者仅占19.27%,城市地区儿童有就医经历的比例高于农村地区儿童(χ^(2)=10.795,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,从来没去医院看过牙(OR=0.374,95%CI:0.141~0.993)是儿童发生龋齿的保护因素(P<0.05);对孩子牙齿和口腔状况评价为一般(OR=2.006,95%CI:1.174~3.425)或差(OR=8.236,95%CI:2.326~29.166)、儿童家长认为刷牙预防牙龈出血不正确/不知道(OR=1.648,95%CI:1.120~2.424)均是儿童发生龋齿的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 2017年青海省5岁儿童患龋率仍较高,应重点关注城市地区及女童的龋齿状况。实施有效的口腔综合干预措施,定期开展儿童口腔检查及对儿童的父母进行口腔知识宣教,能促使儿童树立正确的口腔健康观,养成良好的口腔健康行为,降低儿童患龋率。

龋病活跃性与患龋现状关系之研究 DentocultSM法的应用

目的 明确幼儿期龋病活跃性之表现 ,并了解其与患龋现状之关系。方法 检查 3～ 5岁 2 2 9名幼儿乳牙患龋状况 ,计算患龋率、龋补牙数 dft(decayed filled teeth)及龋蚀指数 CSI(caries severity index)。用 Dentocult SM法检测口腔内变形链球菌含量 ,分为 4度 :<10 4CFU/m l为 0度 ;10 4～ 10 5 CFU/m l为 1度 ;10 5～ 10 6 CFU/ml为 2度 ;>10 6 CFU /m l为 3度。结果 1度以上占 79.48% ,各度间患龋状况差异有显著性 ,与患龋率、dft和 CSI均有高度正相关关系 (r =0 .2 2 2 16、0 .312 12、0 .32 2 76 )。结论 Dentocult SM法能反映幼儿龋病活跃性和患龋现状 。

可视软镜在儿童全身麻醉龋齿治疗中的应用

目的探讨可视软镜辅助经鼻气管插管在儿童全身麻醉龋齿治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2020年4月至2023年4月在南昌大学附属口腔医院择期全身麻醉下行龋齿治疗的患儿80例,年龄3~5岁。根据随机数字表法分为可视喉镜组和可视软镜组,每组40例。可视喉镜组患儿采用可视喉镜气管插管,可视软镜组患儿采用可视软镜气管插管。比较两组患儿气管插管套囊破裂、口腔软组织损伤、声嘶等插管并发症发生率与声门暴露时间、气管插管时间、首次气管插管成功率及诱导前30min、诱导后即刻、气管插管置入即刻、气管插管置入后3min患儿的心率(heart rate,HR)和平均动脉压(meanarterialpressure,MAP)。结果可视软镜组气管插管置入即刻患儿的HR、MAP和气管插管时间、套囊破裂及口腔软组织损伤发生率低于可视喉镜组(P<0.05)。结论全身麻醉龋齿治疗患儿应用可视软镜经鼻气管插管时,血流动力学稳定,插管时间短,插管并发症发生率低,可在临床推广应用。

非充填式龋洞控制在儿童龋病中的研究进展

儿童龋病是危害我国儿童口腔健康的常见病和高发病,不仅影响患儿美观、咀嚼、发音、颌面部及全身健康发育,也对患儿心理造成一定的伤害。传统治疗龋病的方法是有创的充填治疗,虽然目前提倡儿童舒适、微创治疗,但仍然有大部分儿童无法完全配合。对于这类儿童,非充填式龋洞控制具有重要意义,该文将针对儿童非充填式龋洞控制进行综述。

学龄前儿童龋病家庭影响因素的logistic回归分析

目的 :研究学龄前儿童家庭因素与龋病的关系。方法 :在学龄前儿童 1 1 95名中 ,选取龋病儿童组与无龋病对照组 ,有效配对 1 69份 ,再根据问卷调查结果 ,进行 logistic回归分析及 χ2 检验。结果 :父母亲的文化程度、家长的口腔保健知识、母乳喂养、家庭经济状况等对儿童龋患率和龋蚀程度均有非常显著的影响( P<0 .0 1 ) ;父母的刷牙情况对儿童乳牙龋患率无影响 ( P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :加强对家长口腔卫生保健知识的指导、提倡母乳喂养。

学龄前儿童龋病及家长的口腔健康认知现状调查

目的调查学龄前期儿童龋病现状及家长的口腔健康认知情况并探讨其影响因素。方法采取多阶段分层随机抽样法,于2022年抽取郑州市1872例学龄前儿童及其家长,调查儿童龋病发生情况及家长口腔健康认知情况。结果本次调查有1800例学龄前期儿童纳入分析,龋病发生率为54.72%。多因素回归分析显示,年龄、家长文化程度、开始刷牙时间、夜间进食频率、进食甜食频率、饮用碳酸饮料频率、家长接受口腔健康知识教育、儿童定期口腔检查、早晚刷牙、饭后漱口、使用含氟牙膏均是学龄前期儿童龋病的影响因素(均P<0.05);男性、家庭月收入≤5000元、文化程度中专及以下、农村均是家长口腔健康认知不佳的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论郑州地区学龄前期儿童龋病的发生率较高,家长口腔健康认知度不高。亟需开展有效的宣教,提高该群体的健康素养,降低儿童龋病风险。

北京市通州区学龄前儿童龋病与肥胖程度的相关性研究

目的通过对北京市通州区学龄前儿童入园体检数据进行回顾性调查,分析龋病与肥胖之间的相关性,为相关部门制定预防策略提供理论依据。方法收集通州区全区2017-2021年学龄前儿童的体检数据,包括龋失补牙数、身高、体重,根据世界卫生组织(WHO)生长发育标准,将儿童分为消瘦组、体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组。结果儿童龋齿患病率及超重肥胖检出率均随着年龄增加呈上升趋势(P<0.01),2~5岁儿童龋齿检出率为25.22%,39.99%,55.14%,62.05%;超重肥胖检出率为16.71%、16.77%、21.34%和23.35%。在调整年龄和性别因素后,与体重正常组儿童相比,超重和肥胖儿童发生龋齿的风险分别降低8%(OR=0.92,95%CI:0.86-0.99,P=0.026)和5%(OR=0.95,95%CI:0.91-0.99,P=0.028)。结论北京市通州区学龄前儿童中,超重及肥胖儿童患龋风险较低,提示龋齿与儿童生长发育、营养状况密切相关,应予以重视。

儿童口腔微生物多样性与龋齿的关系研究

随着儿童健康问题日益受到重视,龋齿的发生机制和预防措施也得到了广泛研究。人类口腔为口腔微生物群落提供了重要栖息地。在儿童成长阶段,口腔微生物群落的多样性会受到饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯和家庭环境等多种因素的影响,这些因素会共同作用于口腔环境,容易促进或抑制龋齿发展。因此,文章对儿童口腔微生物多样性与龋齿的关系展开探讨,以期为相关人员提供参考。

口腔健康教育新模式在学龄期儿童中的应用

目的探讨口腔健康教育新模式对预防儿童龋齿、改善口腔卫生、增长家长健康知识的作用。方法选取2021年1—6月已纳入窝沟封闭项目学校200名二年级小学生作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为干预组与对照组,每组100名。干预组小学生采用口腔教育新模式干预,对照组小学生采用采取常规健康宣教干预。比较两组小学生的牙菌斑情况、患龋率、保持口腔健康行为、家长健康知识掌握情况。结果干预3个月,干预组小学生口腔卫生良好率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预3个月,干预组患龋率为46.00%,低于对照组的60.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预3个月,干预组小学生每天刷牙≥2次、使用含氟牙膏、掌握巴氏刷牙法、睡前刷牙后不进食、不吃过硬食物、每周摄入含糖食物/饮料<3次、餐后漱口、定期更换牙刷、不吃过冷/过热食物、均衡饮食正确率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预3个月,两组小学生家长的健康知识评分均高于干预前,且干预组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论口腔健康教育新模式干预行窝沟封闭诊疗的小学生及其家长可有效改善小学生口腔卫生状态,预防龋齿发生,对培养小学生良好刷牙习惯有积极作用,且可提高学生家长口腔健康知识的认知水平。

窝沟封闭术在儿童龋齿中的预防效果及对咀嚼效率的影响研究

目的分析窝沟封闭术在儿童龋齿中的预防效果及对咀嚼效率的影响。方法94例接受牙齿检查的儿童,采用随机抽签法分为对照组和观察组,各47例。对照组给予常规口腔干预措施,观察组在对照组基础上实施窝沟封闭术治疗。比较两组龋齿及邻面龋发生率、龋均值、咀嚼效率、咀嚼功能、营养状况。结果干预后6个月、1年、2年,观察组龋齿发生率分别为0、2.13%、4.26%,邻面龋发生率分别为0、0、2.13%;对照组龋齿发生率分别为12.77%、17.02%、21.28%,邻面龋发生率分别为12.77%、14.89%、19.15%。观察组龋齿发生率、邻面龋发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组龋均值(1.02±0.21)个相对对照组的(1.48±0.25)个低(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组咀嚼效率(1.84±0.33)相对对照组的(1.67±0.34)高(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组软食、豆干、植物纤维类、炖熟肉类、脆性水果、脆性蔬菜、坚果类咀嚼功能评分分别为(9.44±0.86)、(8.97±0.55)、(8.63±0.71)、(8.66±0.68)、(8.97±0.94)、(8.74±0.66)、(9.04±0.66)分,高于对照组的(9.06±0.74)、(7.12±0.66)、(7.22±0.35)、(7.89±0.74)、(8.10±0.88)、(8.10±0.71)、(8.43±0.77)分(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组血清白蛋白(ALB)(39.97±4.30)g/L、甘油三酯(TG)(1.62±0.33)mmol/L、总胆固醇(TC)(4.94±0.64)mmol/L、三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)(17.45±1.61)mm较对照组的(36.88±4.22)g/L、(1.45±0.26)mmol/L、(4.42±0.71)mmol/L、(15.77±1.20)mm高(P<0.05)。结论窝沟封闭术在儿童龋齿预防中效果显著,能降低龋齿的发生风险,改善咀嚼效率与营养状况,具有较为理想的临床效果。