A healthy psychological state is the premise for children to carry out various activities.Previous surveys have shown that children with special needs are affected by their own obstacles and are more prone to psycholo...A healthy psychological state is the premise for children to carry out various activities.Previous surveys have shown that children with special needs are affected by their own obstacles and are more prone to psychological problems such as sensitivity,low self-esteem,and impulsiveness.Therefore,it is necessary to provide more sys-tematic mental health education support for special children.Mental health education programs are an efficient form of maintaining children’s mental health.However,in thefield of special education,the number of mental health education courses developed according to the physical and mental characteristics and developmental needs of special children is relatively small,and there are many difficulties in the implementation process.Autism dis-order(ASD)is a kind of pervasive developmental dysfunction that is relatively common and representative in clinical practice.In recent years,the number of autistic children has continued to surge,and has gradually expanded from a family problem to a serious social problem.At present,the evaluation of the effect of autism intervention mainly relies on various behavioral scales,which are subjective to a certain extent.At the same time,due to the unclear pathogenesis of autism,the treatment of autism cannot be predicated on the right medicine,and can only be intervened in various ways.The purpose of this paper is to explore the difference between the EEG signals of autistic children and typically developing control(TD)children through the analysis method of EEG signals,and based on the analysis of EEG signals from an objective point of view,to study whether the music therapy method of Chinese Zither playing training can effectively Improving the brain functional status of chil-dren with autism yields positive therapeutic outcomes.The experimental results show that the complexity of brain electrical signals of ASD children is much lower than that of TD children,and there is a significant difference in the brain functional state between the two.The music therapy method based on Chinese zither playing training can improve the brain function of autistic patients,and there is a positive therapeutic effect.And with the exten-sion of the training period,the effect may be more significant.Chinese zither playing training can provide a new direction for the intervention of autism.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting nearly 9.9 million new people every year. The disease provokes important memory and cognitive impairment, eventually causing individuals to forget th...Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting nearly 9.9 million new people every year. The disease provokes important memory and cognitive impairment, eventually causing individuals to forget their loved ones and rendering them completely dependent on their caretakers. Alzheimer’s patients typically experience more negative emotions, such as frustration and apathy, than healthy older adults. There is currently no cure for the disease. Our research group explores how the integration of virtual reality (VR) and an EEG-based intelligent agent in music therapy can alleviate psychological and cognitive symptoms of the disease. We propose a theory explaining how, through activation of the brain reward system, music can reduce negative emotions, increase positive emotions and as a result increase performance on cognitive tasks. The results of our experimental study concord with our theory: emotional states of participants are improved, as per recorded through EEG, and performances on memory tasks show improvement following the intervention. We believe that the combination of EEG brain assessment, VR and music therapy is a promising method for emotional states and cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Social skills include the ability to establish interpersonal relationships with others in a way that is acceptable in terms of norms of society and it should be beneficial to society and have mutual interest. Method: ...Social skills include the ability to establish interpersonal relationships with others in a way that is acceptable in terms of norms of society and it should be beneficial to society and have mutual interest. Method: Sample was taken from especial elementary school for educable intellectual disability children in Mashhad, Iran. The sample was boys between 9 - 11 years. After the initial selection of students, they were randomly assigned to two groups of twenty (experimental and control groups). 7 sessions of music therapy were performed for each one in the experimental group whereas no sessions were applied for anyone in the control group. Winelend Social Growth Scale was used to measure their social skill before and after intervention. Result: The mean difference in social skill between the two groups were statistically less than the 0.01 which is highly significant (P-value = 0.0005). This shows that art and music therapy are effective on the growth of social skills in educable intellectual disability children. Conclusion: This research shows that music therapy is effective for improvement of social skills in educable intellectual disability children.展开更多
Objective: To compare sedation efficacy and parent/consultant satisfaction between standard sedation, sedation with music listening, and sedation with Certified Child life Specialists (CCLS) in children undergoing pro...Objective: To compare sedation efficacy and parent/consultant satisfaction between standard sedation, sedation with music listening, and sedation with Certified Child life Specialists (CCLS) in children undergoing procedural sedation in the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED). Methods: Eligible children, aged 3 - 18 years, were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups: 1) standard sedation;2) sedation with music listening;3) sedation with CCLS intervention. All 3 groups received intravenous ketamine. The child life group received age appropriate comforting measures, while the music group listened to music of their choice during the procedure. The primary outcome was sedation efficacy, measured by Ramsay Sedation scale, FACES-P scale and need for re-dosing. The secondary outcome was parent/consultant satisfaction. Results: Fifty nine patients were analyzed (standard sedation: 20;sedation with music listening: 20;and sedation with CCLS: 19). There was no significant difference in mean initial ketamine dosing (1.58 ± 0.44 vs. 1.68 ± 0.36 vs. 1.42 ± 0.47, p = 0.26). There was no significant difference in median Ramsay Sedation scores [6(IQR:4,6) vs. 6 (IQR:4,6) vs. 6 (IQR:5,6)], FACES-R pain score [0 (IQR:0.0) vs. 0 (IQR:0.0) vs. 0 (IQR:0.0)] and need for re-dosing [9/20 (45%) vs. 4/20 (20%) vs. 8/19 (42.1%)] amongst the 3 groups. Parent and consultant satisfaction was high in all 3 groups. Conclusion: Our pilot study did not demonstrate a difference in sedation efficacy or parent/consultant satisfaction when adjunct therapies were used during PSA. Further studies with a large sample size are needed to define the role for such adjunct therapies during procedural sedation in PED.展开更多
Huntington＇s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative, and autosomal dominant disease characterized by motor- and psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive decline. Since there is no cure, all treatment is aimed at ...Huntington＇s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative, and autosomal dominant disease characterized by motor- and psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive decline. Since there is no cure, all treatment is aimed at improving quality of life. One form of non-drug therapy which is barely recognized, is music therapy. The literature on its use and effect in patients with Huntington＇s disease is limited. We therefore performed a detailed literature survey in order to delineate the different types of music therapy interventions and their aims. Music therapy studies were included when targeting： （1） motor disturbances; （2） cognitive disturbances; （3） psychiatric disturbances; and （4） emotional/social disturbances. A total of eight studies that met these criteria were analyzed. We found that music therapy interventions vary throughout the different stages of the disease and are not yet applied optimally. Not the stage of the disease but the individual treatment goals seem to be more determinative for the music therapy indications. In conclusion, precise aims and methods in relation to the stage of the disease are not well determined. There is a need for systematic study of this treatment option.展开更多
Aim: The objective of this research is to highlight the effectiveness of physical exercise and music therapy in older patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Patients with a mild level of AD were included in...Aim: The objective of this research is to highlight the effectiveness of physical exercise and music therapy in older patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Patients with a mild level of AD were included in this study, divided into the therapy group (TG;N = 30, aged 68 ± 3.2 years) and the control group (CG;N=30, aged 65 ± 2.6 years). The therapy group was enrolled in an exercise-training program (walking, resistance and balance exercises) combined with musical therapy for 10 weeks (three sessions of 60 minutes per week). The Control group was instructed to follow their daily rhythm of life (e.g., rest, reading) under the same conditions. The intervention program was enrolled under the supervision of;one psychologist;a neurologist;two music therapists, and two physiotherapists, all belonging to the same hospital unit. After 10 weeks of participation in the combined program, cognitive parameters were improved in the therapy group measured with the Behavior Pathology in Alzheimer Disease (BEHAVE-AD), (p < 0.05) for activity disturbance, diurnal rhythm disturbances, anxieties and phobias, affective disturbance. The percentage range of improvements is 1.07% to 2.96%. Results: Our results demonstrate that physical exercise combined with music therapy improves cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions: Physical exercise and music therapy are beneficial combined treatments for improving life quality in older patients. This approach may be useful to help patients with a mild level of Alzheimer’s disease improve their behavioral and psychological parameters.展开更多
In European thought and culture,there exists a group of passionate artists who are fascinated by the intention,passion,and richness of artistic expression.They strive to establish connections between different art for...In European thought and culture,there exists a group of passionate artists who are fascinated by the intention,passion,and richness of artistic expression.They strive to establish connections between different art forms.Musicians not only attempt to represent masterpieces through the language of music but also aim to convey subjective experiences of emotions and personal imagination to listeners by adding titles to their musical works.This study examines two pieces,“Scenes of Childhood”and“Children’s Garden”,and analyzes the different approaches employed by the composers in portraying similar content.展开更多
Aims:This study aims to investigate the methodological quality of the systematic reviews of music therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease in the past five years,and to explore their compliance with each AMSTAR(A Measure Tool...Aims:This study aims to investigate the methodological quality of the systematic reviews of music therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease in the past five years,and to explore their compliance with each AMSTAR(A Measure Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews)item.Based on the above,this study is intended to facilitate the evidence transformation of music therapy in Alzheimer's Disease.Method:Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase and PubMed were searched from 2017-2021,to obtain the systematic reviews of music therapy among Alzheimer’s Disease.We used the AMSTAR,to evaluate their methodological quality.Additionally,their compliance with 16 AMSTAR items was investigated.Results:12 systematic reviews were included in this study.The methodological quality of 10 articles was“very low”,1 article was“low”,and 1 article was“high”.The 12 systematic reviews had 25%to 100%compliance with 16 AMSTAR items.Conclusion:The methodological quality of systematic reviews of music therapy among Alzheimer’s Disease in the recent five years is not high,and needs to be further improved.Future research should continue to explore the factors that affect their methodological quality,to promote the transformation of evidence-based evidence.展开更多
Facial nerve palsy is a condition with several implications, particularly when occurring in childhood. It represents a serious clinical problem as it causes significant concerns in doctors because of its etiology, its...Facial nerve palsy is a condition with several implications, particularly when occurring in childhood. It represents a serious clinical problem as it causes significant concerns in doctors because of its etiology, its treatment options and its outcome, as well as in little patients and their parents, because of functional and aesthetic outcomes. There are several described causes of facial nerve paralysis in children, as it can be congenital(due to delivery traumas and genetic or malformative diseases) or acquired(due to infective,inflammatory, neoplastic, traumatic or iatrogenic causes). Nonetheless, in approximately 40%-75% of the cases, the cause of unilateral facial paralysis still remains idiopathic. A careful diagnostic workout and differential diagnosis are particularly recommended in case of pediatric facial nerve palsy, in order to establish the most appropriate treatment, as the therapeutic approach differs in relation to the etiology.展开更多
Dementia is increasing dramatically with an increasing elderly population.Pharmacological interventions are proven to have limited efficacy to treat many of the features of dementia.In such a situation,non-pharmacolog...Dementia is increasing dramatically with an increasing elderly population.Pharmacological interventions are proven to have limited efficacy to treat many of the features of dementia.In such a situation,non-pharmacological means become important to help people with dementia,especially music therapy.The efficacy of music intervention on cognition has been barely explored in the literature,and the few studies that are available present inconsistent results.The aim of this systematic review is to have a meta-analysis on the effect of music therapy for improvements in cognitive functions as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly with dementia.展开更多
目的系统评价音乐疗法对儿童术后疼痛管理的影响。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Medline等数据库,收集有关音乐疗法对儿童术后疼痛管...目的系统评价音乐疗法对儿童术后疼痛管理的影响。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Medline等数据库,收集有关音乐疗法对儿童术后疼痛管理的相关文献。对纳入文献进行筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9篇随机对照研究。Meta分析结果显示,与常规护理相比,采用音乐疗法的儿童疼痛行为评估量表评分、Wong-Baker面部表情疼痛量表评分、心率、收缩压更低(P<0.05),但两种护理方法在动脉血氧饱和度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论音乐疗法可以缓解儿童术后疼痛,降低心率、收缩压,但对动脉血氧饱和度没有明显的改善作用。展开更多
Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)is a global health issue given the increasing prevalence rate and the limitations of drug effects.As a consequent,non-pharmacological interventions are of importance.Music therapy(MT)is a nonph...Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)is a global health issue given the increasing prevalence rate and the limitations of drug effects.As a consequent,non-pharmacological interventions are of importance.Music therapy(MT)is a nonpharmacological way with a long history of use and a fine usability for dementia patients.In this review,we will summarize different techniques,diverse clinical trials,and the mechanisms of MT as it is helpful to the cognition in AD,providing reference for future research.Many articles have demonstrated that MT can reduce cognitive decline especially in autobiographical and episodic memories,psychomotor speed,executive function domains,and global cognition.MT is a promising intervention for strategy of dementia especially of AD and it must be started as early as possible.However,more evidences with prospective,randomized,blinded,uniform and rigorous methodological investigations are needed.And we should consider to combine MT with other cognitive stimulations such as dance,physical exercise,video game,art and so on.展开更多
文摘A healthy psychological state is the premise for children to carry out various activities.Previous surveys have shown that children with special needs are affected by their own obstacles and are more prone to psychological problems such as sensitivity,low self-esteem,and impulsiveness.Therefore,it is necessary to provide more sys-tematic mental health education support for special children.Mental health education programs are an efficient form of maintaining children’s mental health.However,in thefield of special education,the number of mental health education courses developed according to the physical and mental characteristics and developmental needs of special children is relatively small,and there are many difficulties in the implementation process.Autism dis-order(ASD)is a kind of pervasive developmental dysfunction that is relatively common and representative in clinical practice.In recent years,the number of autistic children has continued to surge,and has gradually expanded from a family problem to a serious social problem.At present,the evaluation of the effect of autism intervention mainly relies on various behavioral scales,which are subjective to a certain extent.At the same time,due to the unclear pathogenesis of autism,the treatment of autism cannot be predicated on the right medicine,and can only be intervened in various ways.The purpose of this paper is to explore the difference between the EEG signals of autistic children and typically developing control(TD)children through the analysis method of EEG signals,and based on the analysis of EEG signals from an objective point of view,to study whether the music therapy method of Chinese Zither playing training can effectively Improving the brain functional status of chil-dren with autism yields positive therapeutic outcomes.The experimental results show that the complexity of brain electrical signals of ASD children is much lower than that of TD children,and there is a significant difference in the brain functional state between the two.The music therapy method based on Chinese zither playing training can improve the brain function of autistic patients,and there is a positive therapeutic effect.And with the exten-sion of the training period,the effect may be more significant.Chinese zither playing training can provide a new direction for the intervention of autism.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting nearly 9.9 million new people every year. The disease provokes important memory and cognitive impairment, eventually causing individuals to forget their loved ones and rendering them completely dependent on their caretakers. Alzheimer’s patients typically experience more negative emotions, such as frustration and apathy, than healthy older adults. There is currently no cure for the disease. Our research group explores how the integration of virtual reality (VR) and an EEG-based intelligent agent in music therapy can alleviate psychological and cognitive symptoms of the disease. We propose a theory explaining how, through activation of the brain reward system, music can reduce negative emotions, increase positive emotions and as a result increase performance on cognitive tasks. The results of our experimental study concord with our theory: emotional states of participants are improved, as per recorded through EEG, and performances on memory tasks show improvement following the intervention. We believe that the combination of EEG brain assessment, VR and music therapy is a promising method for emotional states and cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
文摘Social skills include the ability to establish interpersonal relationships with others in a way that is acceptable in terms of norms of society and it should be beneficial to society and have mutual interest. Method: Sample was taken from especial elementary school for educable intellectual disability children in Mashhad, Iran. The sample was boys between 9 - 11 years. After the initial selection of students, they were randomly assigned to two groups of twenty (experimental and control groups). 7 sessions of music therapy were performed for each one in the experimental group whereas no sessions were applied for anyone in the control group. Winelend Social Growth Scale was used to measure their social skill before and after intervention. Result: The mean difference in social skill between the two groups were statistically less than the 0.01 which is highly significant (P-value = 0.0005). This shows that art and music therapy are effective on the growth of social skills in educable intellectual disability children. Conclusion: This research shows that music therapy is effective for improvement of social skills in educable intellectual disability children.
文摘Objective: To compare sedation efficacy and parent/consultant satisfaction between standard sedation, sedation with music listening, and sedation with Certified Child life Specialists (CCLS) in children undergoing procedural sedation in the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED). Methods: Eligible children, aged 3 - 18 years, were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups: 1) standard sedation;2) sedation with music listening;3) sedation with CCLS intervention. All 3 groups received intravenous ketamine. The child life group received age appropriate comforting measures, while the music group listened to music of their choice during the procedure. The primary outcome was sedation efficacy, measured by Ramsay Sedation scale, FACES-P scale and need for re-dosing. The secondary outcome was parent/consultant satisfaction. Results: Fifty nine patients were analyzed (standard sedation: 20;sedation with music listening: 20;and sedation with CCLS: 19). There was no significant difference in mean initial ketamine dosing (1.58 ± 0.44 vs. 1.68 ± 0.36 vs. 1.42 ± 0.47, p = 0.26). There was no significant difference in median Ramsay Sedation scores [6(IQR:4,6) vs. 6 (IQR:4,6) vs. 6 (IQR:5,6)], FACES-R pain score [0 (IQR:0.0) vs. 0 (IQR:0.0) vs. 0 (IQR:0.0)] and need for re-dosing [9/20 (45%) vs. 4/20 (20%) vs. 8/19 (42.1%)] amongst the 3 groups. Parent and consultant satisfaction was high in all 3 groups. Conclusion: Our pilot study did not demonstrate a difference in sedation efficacy or parent/consultant satisfaction when adjunct therapies were used during PSA. Further studies with a large sample size are needed to define the role for such adjunct therapies during procedural sedation in PED.
文摘Huntington＇s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative, and autosomal dominant disease characterized by motor- and psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive decline. Since there is no cure, all treatment is aimed at improving quality of life. One form of non-drug therapy which is barely recognized, is music therapy. The literature on its use and effect in patients with Huntington＇s disease is limited. We therefore performed a detailed literature survey in order to delineate the different types of music therapy interventions and their aims. Music therapy studies were included when targeting： （1） motor disturbances; （2） cognitive disturbances; （3） psychiatric disturbances; and （4） emotional/social disturbances. A total of eight studies that met these criteria were analyzed. We found that music therapy interventions vary throughout the different stages of the disease and are not yet applied optimally. Not the stage of the disease but the individual treatment goals seem to be more determinative for the music therapy indications. In conclusion, precise aims and methods in relation to the stage of the disease are not well determined. There is a need for systematic study of this treatment option.
文摘Aim: The objective of this research is to highlight the effectiveness of physical exercise and music therapy in older patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Patients with a mild level of AD were included in this study, divided into the therapy group (TG;N = 30, aged 68 ± 3.2 years) and the control group (CG;N=30, aged 65 ± 2.6 years). The therapy group was enrolled in an exercise-training program (walking, resistance and balance exercises) combined with musical therapy for 10 weeks (three sessions of 60 minutes per week). The Control group was instructed to follow their daily rhythm of life (e.g., rest, reading) under the same conditions. The intervention program was enrolled under the supervision of;one psychologist;a neurologist;two music therapists, and two physiotherapists, all belonging to the same hospital unit. After 10 weeks of participation in the combined program, cognitive parameters were improved in the therapy group measured with the Behavior Pathology in Alzheimer Disease (BEHAVE-AD), (p < 0.05) for activity disturbance, diurnal rhythm disturbances, anxieties and phobias, affective disturbance. The percentage range of improvements is 1.07% to 2.96%. Results: Our results demonstrate that physical exercise combined with music therapy improves cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions: Physical exercise and music therapy are beneficial combined treatments for improving life quality in older patients. This approach may be useful to help patients with a mild level of Alzheimer’s disease improve their behavioral and psychological parameters.
文摘In European thought and culture,there exists a group of passionate artists who are fascinated by the intention,passion,and richness of artistic expression.They strive to establish connections between different art forms.Musicians not only attempt to represent masterpieces through the language of music but also aim to convey subjective experiences of emotions and personal imagination to listeners by adding titles to their musical works.This study examines two pieces,“Scenes of Childhood”and“Children’s Garden”,and analyzes the different approaches employed by the composers in portraying similar content.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81603565)Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Postgraduate Research Innovation Project(YJSKC-20201032).
文摘Aims:This study aims to investigate the methodological quality of the systematic reviews of music therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease in the past five years,and to explore their compliance with each AMSTAR(A Measure Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews)item.Based on the above,this study is intended to facilitate the evidence transformation of music therapy in Alzheimer's Disease.Method:Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase and PubMed were searched from 2017-2021,to obtain the systematic reviews of music therapy among Alzheimer’s Disease.We used the AMSTAR,to evaluate their methodological quality.Additionally,their compliance with 16 AMSTAR items was investigated.Results:12 systematic reviews were included in this study.The methodological quality of 10 articles was“very low”,1 article was“low”,and 1 article was“high”.The 12 systematic reviews had 25%to 100%compliance with 16 AMSTAR items.Conclusion:The methodological quality of systematic reviews of music therapy among Alzheimer’s Disease in the recent five years is not high,and needs to be further improved.Future research should continue to explore the factors that affect their methodological quality,to promote the transformation of evidence-based evidence.
文摘Facial nerve palsy is a condition with several implications, particularly when occurring in childhood. It represents a serious clinical problem as it causes significant concerns in doctors because of its etiology, its treatment options and its outcome, as well as in little patients and their parents, because of functional and aesthetic outcomes. There are several described causes of facial nerve paralysis in children, as it can be congenital(due to delivery traumas and genetic or malformative diseases) or acquired(due to infective,inflammatory, neoplastic, traumatic or iatrogenic causes). Nonetheless, in approximately 40%-75% of the cases, the cause of unilateral facial paralysis still remains idiopathic. A careful diagnostic workout and differential diagnosis are particularly recommended in case of pediatric facial nerve palsy, in order to establish the most appropriate treatment, as the therapeutic approach differs in relation to the etiology.
文摘Dementia is increasing dramatically with an increasing elderly population.Pharmacological interventions are proven to have limited efficacy to treat many of the features of dementia.In such a situation,non-pharmacological means become important to help people with dementia,especially music therapy.The efficacy of music intervention on cognition has been barely explored in the literature,and the few studies that are available present inconsistent results.The aim of this systematic review is to have a meta-analysis on the effect of music therapy for improvements in cognitive functions as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly with dementia.
文摘目的系统评价音乐疗法对儿童术后疼痛管理的影响。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Medline等数据库,收集有关音乐疗法对儿童术后疼痛管理的相关文献。对纳入文献进行筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9篇随机对照研究。Meta分析结果显示,与常规护理相比,采用音乐疗法的儿童疼痛行为评估量表评分、Wong-Baker面部表情疼痛量表评分、心率、收缩压更低(P<0.05),但两种护理方法在动脉血氧饱和度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论音乐疗法可以缓解儿童术后疼痛,降低心率、收缩压,但对动脉血氧饱和度没有明显的改善作用。
基金This review was supported by research grants from The Training and Financial Program for Young Doctors of Shanghai(Funding No.20141060)Shanghai Sailing Program(Funding No.16YF1415800)The Science and Technology Project of Ningbo(Funding No.2015D10006).
文摘Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)is a global health issue given the increasing prevalence rate and the limitations of drug effects.As a consequent,non-pharmacological interventions are of importance.Music therapy(MT)is a nonpharmacological way with a long history of use and a fine usability for dementia patients.In this review,we will summarize different techniques,diverse clinical trials,and the mechanisms of MT as it is helpful to the cognition in AD,providing reference for future research.Many articles have demonstrated that MT can reduce cognitive decline especially in autobiographical and episodic memories,psychomotor speed,executive function domains,and global cognition.MT is a promising intervention for strategy of dementia especially of AD and it must be started as early as possible.However,more evidences with prospective,randomized,blinded,uniform and rigorous methodological investigations are needed.And we should consider to combine MT with other cognitive stimulations such as dance,physical exercise,video game,art and so on.
