The Effect of Water Flow Velocity on Heat Collection Performance of Active Heat Storage and Release System for Solar Greenhouses

In order to explore the influence of water velocity on the heat collection performance of the active heat storage and release system for solar greenhouses,six different flow rates were selected for treatment in this experiment.The comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of the active heat storage and release system at the heat collection stage was calculated by measuring the indoor solar radiation intensity,indoor air temperature and measured water tank temperature.The prediction model of water temperature in the heat collection stage was established,and the initial value of water temperature and the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient were input through MATLAB software.The simulated value of water temperature was compared with the measured value and the results showed that the best heat transfer effect could be achieved when the water flow speed was 1.0 m3h-1.The average relative error between the simulated water tank temperature and the measured value is 2.70-6.91%.The results indicate that the model is established correctly,and the variation trend of water temperature can be predicted according to the model in the heat collection stage.

Operation Performance of Central Solar Heating System with Seasonal Storage Water Tank in Harbin

This paper presented a preliminary research on the central solar heating system with seasonal storage(CSHSSS)used in cold climate in China.A mathematical model of the solar energy seasonal storage water tank used in the central solar heating system was firstly developed based on energy conservation.This was followed by the simulation of the CSHSSS used in a two-floor villa in Harbin,and analysis of the impacts on storage water temperature of tank volume,solar collector area,tank burial depth,insulation thickness around the tank,etc.The results show there is a relatively economical tank volume to optimize the system efficiency,which decreases with increasing tank volume at the constant collector area,and increases with increasing collector area at the constant tank volume.Furthermore,the insulation thickness has obvious effect on avoiding heat loss,while the tank burial depth doesn't.In addition,the relationship between the solar collector efficiency and storage water temperature is also obtained,it decreases quickly with increasing storing water temperature,and then increases slowly after starting space heating system.These may be helpful for relevant design and optimization in cold climates in China and all over the world.

Numerical Study of Thermal Performance of Phase Change Material Energy Storage Floor in Solar Water Heating System

The conventional solar heating floor system contains a big water tank to store energy in the day time for heating at night,which takes much building space and is very heavy.In order to reduce the water tank volume even to cancel the tank,a novel structure of integrated water pipe floor heating system using shape-stabilized phase change materials(SSPCM)for thermal energy storage was developed.A numerical model was developed to analyze the performance of SSPCM floor heating system under the intermittent heating condition,which was verified by our experimental data.The thermal performance of the heating system and the effects of various factors on it were analyzed numerically.The factors including phase transition temperature,heat of fusion,thermal conductivity of SSPCM and thermal conductivity of the decoration material were analyzed.The results show that tm and kd are the most import influencing factors on the thermal performance of SSPCM floor heating system,since they determine the heat source temperature and thermal resistance between SSPCM plates and indoor air,respectively.Hm should be large to store enough thermal energy in the day time for nighttimes heating.The effects of kp can be ignored in this system.The SSPCM floor heating system has potential of making use of the daytime solar energy for heating at night efficiently in various climates when its structure is properly designed.

Experimentation of a Plane Solar Integrated Collector Storage Water Heater

In order to popularize the use of the solar-water heaters, especially in the residential and tertiary sectors with the third world, it appears to be necessary to reduce their cost while improving their performances. It is the object of this integrated storage collector thus created and tested in the south of Tunisia. It is simply made up of a tank playing the double part of solar absorber and storage tank of warm water, of a glazing to profit from the greenhouse effect and of an insulating case. Its measured energy performances, by the method of input-output proves its effectiveness to produce hot water, in spite of its simplicity of manufacture, usage and maintenance. Indeed a temperature of water exceeding 70?C is reached towards the afternoon True Solar Time, and for an efficiency of 7%. Thus, this type of collector with integrated storage is entirely satisfactory and could be available to larger mass.

Comparison and Performance Analysis of Heat Storage Equipment in Solar Heating System

Solar heating system is widely used recently. Heat storage equipment is the guarantee for steady performance of solar heating system. A design of latent heat storage exchanger with submerged coil was introduced with the structure, working principle, and the main advantages. This heat exchanger was integrated into solar heating system as the heat storage equipment. Advantage comparison of the designed heat exchanger in solar heating system with hot water tank was carried out. The analysis results show that the latent heat storage exchanger is superior to hot water tank obviously. The heat exchanger performance parameters and variations of these parameters are got： （1） with the increase of phase change material （PCM） volume ratio, heat storage equipment volume ratio decreases; （2） heat storage efficiency has the same varying tendency with outdoor and air temperature; while the bigger PCM volume ratio is, the weaker the effect of outdoor air temperature on heat storage efficiency is; （3） heat storage capacity and heat storage efficiency increase together; when PCM volume ratio is big, heat storage efficiency is high and the system can begin operating effcienfly and quickly; （4） with the increase of heat storage capacity, life cyde operation cost （LCOC） of system increases gradually in high speed; but with the increase of PCM volume ratio, the difference between the two systems LCOCs becomes smaller and smaller; （5） the reasonable range of PCM volume ratio is 0.5 - 0.7. Temperature characteristic analysis shows that, with the filled PCM, heat storage medium temperature presents several segments at different time, under conditions of different heat storage capacity and different PCM state.

水蓄冷在高效机房项目当中的应用分析与研究

本文通过分析发现空调能耗在建筑能耗占比大,且当前空调冷热源机房的能效比不高。通过比较水蓄冷系统及冰蓄冷系统的优缺点,并结合实际项目的特点及现状,选择了适合本项目的机房冷热源形式-水蓄冷系统。文中详细介绍了水蓄冷技术在高效机房中的应用,系统分析了其运行策略、设计要点及实际应用方案。对改造后采用水蓄冷系统的实际案例的冷站能效比EER及冷机的综合能效COP指标进行节能对比分析研究,研究结果表明,采用水蓄冷技术不仅能实现电网的削峰填谷,平衡电力供需,还能大幅降低用户的运行成本,从而带来显著的经济效益。通过具体项目实例的分析,总结了水蓄冷系统在设计和运行中的关键技术和经验,为类似项目的推广提供了重要的参考依据,对实现建筑节能和碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。

Influence of geometry on the thermal performance of water pit seasonal heat storages for solar district heating

The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of geometry on the thermal capacity and stratifications of a water pit heat storage for solar district heating.A TRNSYS component model for a truncated cone water pit was developed based on the coordinate transformation method and validated by experimental results from the water pit heat storage in Huangdicheng in 2018.The thermal performance of 26 water pits with different heights and side wall slopes was calculated for 10 consecutive years.It takes four to six years for the water pit to reach steady-state operation.The operation data from the tenth year was selected to evaluate the thermal performance of each configuration.The results show that because of the thermal insulation on top of the water pit,the height to diameter ratio of a water pit with minimum annual heat loss was always smaller than 1.0.The annual storage efficiency of a water pit increases with side wall slope due to the reduced side wall area.There is an almost linear increase in the thermal stratification number of a water pit with height.With an increase in the height,thermal stratification in water pits with a steeper slope increased more gradually than water pits with a lower slope.The findings in this paper are relevant for the design optimization of water pits as seasonal thermal energy storages.

Experimental research and numerical simulation of the thermal performance of a tube-fin cold energy storage unit using water/modified expanded graphite as the phase change material

In this study,experimental and numerical investigations were conducted on a tube-fin heat-exchanger latent-heat cold energy storage unit.The fin side of the heat exchanger was filled with water as the energy storage medium,and modified expanded graphite(MEG)was employed to improve the thermal characteristics of water.The water contact angle of the expanded graphite decreased from 106.31°to 0°,and the hydrophilicity and the absorption rate of water significantly improved after the modification.Moreover,the experimental analyses of the charge/discharge process showed that the cooling capacity of the system filled with 90 wt.%water/MEG was 80.8%of that of pure water,whereas its cooling time was only 69.7%of that of pure water.The average power increased by 15.9%compared with that of water.The system filled with 90 wt.%water/MEG completed two energy charging and discharging cycles,whereas the system filled with water completed only 1.5 cycles within 15000 s.Furthermore,the effects of the flow rate and inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid on the charging process were explored.Finally,a numerical model was built and validated to investigate the phase change behavior and the effect of the structure size on the performance of the system.The heat-exchanger fin spacing had no significant effect on the cold energy storage unit,whereas the vertical spacing of the tube pass had the highest effect.It can be concluded that the heat exchanger combined with high-thermal-conductivity water/MEG exhibits better energy storage capacity and working power,showing a wide application prospect in the field of cold energy storage.

Evaluation method of underground water storage space and thermal reservoir model in abandoned mine

A large number of mines are closed or abandoned every year in China.Geothermal utilization is one of the important ways to efficiently reuse underground resources in abandoned mines.How to calculate the volume and distribution of underground water storage space is the key to accurately evaluate the sustainable geothermal production in abandoned mines.In this paper,according to the multi-scale characteristics of the underground space in abandoned mine,the flow and heat transfer equations in the multi-scale space are sorted out systematically,and the calculation methods of different secondary space volumes are derived in detail.Taking Jiahe abandoned mine as the background,the volume and distribution of underground secondary space are calculated,and three heat storage evaluation models considering different water storage spaces are established by using COMSOL.The simulation results show that there are great differences among different models,and the results of the equivalent porous media model considering the multi-scale space are most consistent with the reality.Sensitivity analyses of key parameters model results indicated that the heat production is closely related to not only the recharge flow rate but also the recharge temperature and operating time.Furthermore,the energy saving and emission reduction benefits of geothermal utilization in abandoned mines are calculated,the results show that geothermal utilization of abandoned mines can effectively reduce energy consumption and CO_(2)emissions,and it has great economic benefits.

不同进水方式对大型水体储热效率的影响

目的针对大型水体跨季节储热时间不匹配问题,分析不同进水方式对储热效率的影响,减少储热过程中的热量损失。方法利用CFD数值模拟软件建立水体储热的分析模型,研究水体储热过程中的热交换规律,以及单双进水口、水平间距、动态进水、流速等因素对水体储热效果的影响。结果进水总流量越小,内部水体温度分层越好;在相同的储热时间内,双进水口方式效率最佳,水体内部平均温度至少比单一进水和动态进水高出16.83%,储热效率分别提高了9.89%和16.14%;相比单一进水口,双进水口方式火用损失降低了21.97%;进水管之间距离越小,水体储热效率越高。结论进水方式对水体储热效率影响至关重要,进水管道越靠近中轴线,采用小流量、双开口的进水形式储热效率越好。

基于水蓄热的热源厂蒸汽调峰技术

基于工业供汽负荷波动大、昼夜偏差显著的现状,将水蓄热技术与热源厂热力生产工艺相结合,提出采用蒸汽-除盐冷水的间接换热技术、环氧富锌漆防腐技术和硬质聚氨酯发泡保温技术,并对形状、容积和高径比等罐体结构优化设计,旨在开发一种适用于工业供热的蒸汽调峰技术。实践应用表明,基于水蓄热的热源厂蒸汽调峰技术具有稳定高效、简单易操和投资收益显著等优点。本技术还可应用于燃煤机组实现深度调峰、消纳新能源发电等场景,具有重要的现实意义。

基于工业余热与可再生能源耦合的赤峰市低碳供热研究

以赤峰市大温差供热工程实践为例,介绍了赤峰市低碳供热方案的设计理念和实施步骤。从赤峰市供热热源紧缺,城区周边电厂乏汽余热、工业余热和弃风电力转化热量潜力估算,降低一次网回水温度必要性,大温差供热推进和分阶段实施过程,各阶段热平衡等5个方面进行了详细说明。根据规划,至2035年赤峰市中心城区供热热量来源于非供暖季储存弃风电力转化热量和工业余热,以及供暖季工业余热和燃煤调峰电厂热量,单位供热面积的二氧化碳排放强度是现状的1/30。

太阳能跨季节储热水体几何形状对系统含税热价的敏感性研究

针对水体型太阳能跨季节储热供热系统,以太阳能集热场得热量和跨季节储热水体温度场的动态模拟为基础,在TRNSYS仿真平台中建立系统动态热经济性分析模型,实现全系统动态热性能和经济性能耦合分析。此模型是对太阳能集热场中定日镜场采光面积、跨季节储热水体体积、水体几何形状、太阳能集热场质量流量、资金内部收益率等关键参数进行敏感性分析和优化的重要工具。该研究主要分析了储热水体几何形状对系统含税热价的敏感性,得出以下结论:对于万立方米级的圆柱形储热水体,水体热损、含税热价与水体高径比呈上开口的类抛物线关系,当水体高径比为1∶2时,水体的热损低至30.74 kWh/m^(3),对应的含税热价低至0.470元/kWh,与区间高点的含税热价相比低9.6%;水体深度由5 m变化至25 m过程中,水体深度为19 m时热价可低至0.482元/kWh,与区间高点的含税热价相比低13.0%。

装配式柔性墙体日光温室联合储热系统蓄放热特性

增设多蓄热介质联合主动蓄放热系统是解决装配式柔性墙体日光温室“重保温、轻蓄热”问题的有效方法,但当前对于“土壤-空气-水”多介质联合储热系统蓄放热特性和加温效果尚不明确,针对此问题,该研究以配备“空气源地中热交换-水源后墙循环换热”联合储热系统的装配式柔性墙体日光温室为研究对象,采用现场跟踪测试和能量转移测算,对联合储热系统各自和组合的蓄放热特性进行研究。结果表明,配有联合储热系统的装配式柔性墙体日光温室室内夜间最低空气温度维持在10℃以上,室内外最大温差达26.5℃。0~50 cm的土壤层是该温室主要蓄热介质,晴天土壤层蓄热量最高占总蓄热量的63.5%。地中热交换系统最高占土壤蓄热量的54.4%。水循环系统蓄热量可达424.04 MJ,最高占总蓄热量的45.1%,通过循环蓄热可将储水池内8 m3水的温度提高到35℃。连阴天时,通过引入蓄放热比指标,对联合储热系统的运行效果进行定量评价,发现水循环系统具有蓄放热速度快的特点,蓄放热比绝对值最高可达1.62,是当天土壤蓄放热的1.8倍。但从总量上看,土壤仍是连阴天主要放热来源,在北京地区联合蓄放热系统能够维持3个连阴天的热量需求。水循环系统平均性能系数(coefficient of performance,COP)为9.16,地中热交换系统平均COP为6.82,联合蓄放热系统综合COP为8.85,对比热泵,其节能率达60.26%。研究结果为联合储热系统蓄放热机理研究提供了理论依据。

2×330 MW热电机组热电解耦深度调峰技术研究

通过对比热电解耦技术路线,确定对A热电厂2×330 MW热电机组配合应用电锅炉解耦技术和储热罐解耦技术。结合该机组实际运行经验,对电锅炉和蓄热水罐设备进行了最优选择,可以满足供热期的最大供热需求。经济性分析证明该方案具有良好的经济效益,为热电企业深度调峰工作提供了经验。

太阳能吸收式制冷系统及其蓄能技术研究

在分析国内外现有太阳能吸收式制冷系统的基础上,从太阳能集热器、蓄能形式、辅助热源、吸收式冷水机组以及太阳能集热器与吸收式冷水机组的匹配等方面详细阐述太阳能吸收式制冷系统及其蓄能技术的发展现状,并对太阳能制冷空调系统的控制策略、优化分析及理论研究进行总结,最后指出太阳能吸收式制冷系统及其蓄能技术的发展方向。

新世纪跨季节显热储热项目发展现状与分析

发展跨季节储热技术对实现我国供热领域的绿色低碳转型具有重要意义。本文从跨季节储热项目角度出发,分别对跨季节储热的原理及分类、国内外发展现状、项目统计与参数分析等方面进行了综述。重点对所统计的44个国内外跨季节显热储热项目进行了典型技术经济参数分析、热源分析与材料分析。最后指出国内外跨季节储热项目数量增多、储热规模持续扩大,发展大容量跨季节水体储热、实现跨季节储热热源多能互补、规模化应用热泵、进一步开发适用于跨季节储热系统的新型材料可能是未来跨季节储热发展的重要方向。

基于BP神经网络的增强型地热系统产热性能:以伊通盆地花岗岩体热储层为例

探究增强型地热系统(enhanced geothermal systems,EGS)工程采热性能,对提高系统产热效率、延长储层寿命是至关重要的。以伊通盆地北部昌27井实际地质构造、岩性、地热特征及热物性测试为基础,以地下4054~4168 m花岗岩为热储层建立三水平井水热耦合数值模型,并在此水平井模型基础上建立BP神经网络热储产热能力预测模型,研究了不同影响因素对系统换热过程的影响。结果表明:BP神经网络预测生产温度、焓值差和压力差与水平井数值模型的相对误差基本不超过±1.0%、±2.0%和±3.0%,预测准确性较高。水平井地热开采中,对系统生产温度造成影响较大的因素是井间距和注入速度,对系统发电效率造成影响较大的因素是注入速度和裂隙渗透率。综合考虑各影响因素交互作用,采用三水平井开采地热能可选择开采方案井间距600 m,注入温度60℃,注入速度23 kg/s,裂隙渗透率1×10^(-10 )m^(2)。在该工况下系统的经济寿命可达32年,累积发电量为605.9 GW·h,比基础模型提高7.4%。

光伏蓄能恒温库系统数值模拟分析

为进一步降低热泵系统冬季能耗,减少恒温库能源消耗情况,本文提出了一种新型光伏驱动蓄能型恒温库系统。基于TRNSYS仿真系统,构建了太阳能-热泵蓄能型热力耦合数学模型,对该恒温库系统进行数值模拟和理论分析。结果显示,在新型光伏驱动蓄能型恒温库系统运行下,库内温度可以稳定维持在-2.0~3.7℃保持24 h,在稳定运行过程中热泵系统运行效率保持在3.0~4.0,系统平均性能系数(COPa)可以达到1.9,系统运行功率在0~0.7 kW,系统24 h累计制热量达到了18.0 kW·h,日平均累计消耗市电仅6.8 kW·h。结果表明,该系统可以为节能型恒温库提供一种设计依据。

三峡水库水面蒸发年内滞后效应分析

水面蒸发在季节变化上相比净辐射等气象要素的相位延迟反映了水体储热对水面蒸发的影响,量化这一对气象要素波动的滞后响应对理解和估算深水水库(湖泊)蒸发非常重要。三峡水库等河道型深水水库的水位和面积具有显著周期性变动,使得其水面蒸发的响应模式更为复杂,而目前对其认识非常薄弱。本文利用2013年8月—2020年7月三峡水库巴东站水面蒸发场和陆面蒸发场的蒸发和气象观测数据,分析了水面蒸发的季节变化及其年内滞后效应。结果表明:水面蒸发场蒸发量在年内的8和12月呈现双峰变化,与只有8月单峰值的陆面蒸发场蒸发量显著不同。水面蒸发场蒸发量相对净辐射、平均气温和水面温度分别存在4、3和2个月的滞后,而陆面蒸发场蒸发量相对滞后时间均在1个月以内;水面与陆面蒸发场相比,水温、蒸发量和水面与大气饱和差之间的滞后时间分别为1、3和4个月,而平均气温和净辐射之间不存在滞后。本文揭示出三峡水库巴东段水面蒸发年内滞后效应主要受到水库水温引起的水面与大气饱和差在季节上滞后的影响,需通过深入分析水温的时空变化来明确整个三峡水库的水面蒸发特征。