Vernalization is a process of acquiring or accelerating the flowering ability by prolonged cold exposure.VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE3(VIN3)is induced by chilling and is extremely important for the vernalization response...Vernalization is a process of acquiring or accelerating the flowering ability by prolonged cold exposure.VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE3(VIN3)is induced by chilling and is extremely important for the vernalization response in Arabidopsis thaliana.However,the issue of the induction of the VIN3-LIKE genes in wintersweet(Chimonanthus praecox)has been largely neglected.In the present study,we explored the molecular regulation of the PHD type finger protein-encoding gene CpVIL2 in relation to the growth and development of wintersweet in Arabidopsis.In wintersweet,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis showed that the relative expression of CpVIL2-As2i(intron-retained alternatively spliced in the second intron)was extremely higher in the pistils than in the other tissues.And the relative CpVIL2-As2i expression in flower buds(FBs)treated at 8°C was higher than that of FBs in December,2016 under natural conditions,which was not detected in non-flowering FBs at 16°C.In Arabidopsis,the expression patterns of the CpVIL2-As2i gene were detected at first in CpVIL2-As2i pro::GUS(β-glucuronidase)lines,with predominantly higher expression in flowers and inflorescence.Meanwhile,the hormone-induced expression profiles of the CpVIL2-As2i promoter were confirmed using exogenous induction by abscisic acid(ABA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)phytohormones,where the GUS enzyme activity obviously decreased compared with that of control.In comparison with Arabidopsis/Col-0,early flowering was detected in ectopic 35S::CpVIL2-As2i lines.Overall,these results demonstrated the function of the CpVIL2-As2i gene,at the same time,provided us with new insights into the molecular mechanisms of early flowering and complex regulatory networks of vernalization in wintersweet.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the alleviating effect of Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.leaves flavonoids(CLF)on hyperuricemia induced by potassium oxonate in mice.The results showed that CLF lowered the serum levels of uric ...This study aimed to evaluate the alleviating effect of Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.leaves flavonoids(CLF)on hyperuricemia induced by potassium oxonate in mice.The results showed that CLF lowered the serum levels of uric acid(UA),creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,downregulated hepatic mRNA expressions of xanthine oxidase(XO),phosphate ribose pyrophosphate synthetase(PRPS)and adenosine deaminase(ADA)in hyperuricemia mice.In addition,CLF repaired renal injury by significantly down-regulating mRNA and protein expressions of renal UA reabsorption-related proteins and up-regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of UA secretory-related proteins.Finally,CLF inhibited UA synthesis and promoted UA excretion to alleviate hyperuricemia.Besides,CLF supplementation repaired the intestinal barrier function as demonstrated by significant increased mRNA levels of intestinal zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),Occludin,mucin 2(MUC2)and mucin 4(MUC4),as well as decreased mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)in mice.Further research showed that CLF treatment restored intestinal homeostasis mediated by improving the composition of gut microbiota and elevating the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus,Alistipes,Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Parasutterella.Overall,our findings revealed a novel function of CLF as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the cDNA cloning of SMAT gene from Chimonanthus praecox and its expression. [Method] A novel cDNA was cloned by PT-PCR using the total RNA as template, and amplified to the desirable s...[Objective] The aim was to study the cDNA cloning of SMAT gene from Chimonanthus praecox and its expression. [Method] A novel cDNA was cloned by PT-PCR using the total RNA as template, and amplified to the desirable size. The RT-PCR products were reclaimed and transformed into E. coli DH 5o together with the PMD18-T vector after ligating by T-A cloning. Identified by colony PCR and EcoRI and Notl digestion, the recombinant plasmid with target gene was screened out and conducted the sequence analysis. [Result] Results of the sequence analysis showed that the ORF fragment of the SAMT cDNA was successfully cloned from Chimonanthus praecox gene, with the length of 1 196 bp and encoding 380 amino acids fragment which shared 99.2% homology to that of previously reported SAMT cDNA from Chimonanthus praecox （ABU88887）. The SAMT cDNA fragment was sub-cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector PGEX1-4T-1, and the obtained re- combinant plasmid was named PGSAMT. After inducting by 0.01mol/L IPTG, the re- sult of the SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of the fusion ex- pression SAMT protein was about 66 kDa, which was close to the predicted fusion protein derived from the 26 kDa GST band and 42.3 kDa SAMT gene of Chimo- nanthus praecox encoded protein. [Conclusion] This study successfully cloned and expressed the SAMT gene of Chimonanthus praecox.展开更多
Chimonanthus praecox is an important ornamental plant and cut flower material in China.It blooms in the freezing winter and its flower emits charming fragrance.However,in different region the flowering time is variabl...Chimonanthus praecox is an important ornamental plant and cut flower material in China.It blooms in the freezing winter and its flower emits charming fragrance.However,in different region the flowering time is variable.In order to understand the flowering mechanism of Ch.praecox in the winter,we studied the flower bud differentiation in Spring City-Kunming using paraffin sectioning method in the present study.Meanwhile we compared the differentiation process difference from different regions.It was found that the temperature is the key factor for its flower bud differentiation and blossom of Ch.praecox.In the process of bud differentiation,the temperature 20℃was the optimum for inducing changes from vegetative axillary buds to reproductive buds and subsequent morphological differentiation in Ch.praecox.Furthermore in the first three differentiation periods—tepal primordial stage,staminal primordial stage and pistil primordial stage,Kunming took the shortest time to finish the process due to very rapid temperature rise to 20℃,whereas,in Zhengzhou the time for these differentiations was the longest,which may be caused by the slow temperature rise.After May,the high temperature stress forced the flower buds into the first long dormant period in all regions except Kunming.In Kunming,the average temperature was only 20–25℃,so the flower bud continued to differentiate.In all regions,Kunming is the first to complete whole flower bud differentiation even on the early August,and started the second dormancy very early but very long.In the other regions,the plants went through a shorter dormancy and the low temperature broke the dormancy rapidly.Contrarily the plants of Kunming spent a longer period for the low temperature.Thus,the low temperature less than 10℃is a key factor to breaking the second dormancy.Surely the regular effects of temperature on flower bud differentiation and blossom is very helpful for florescence regulation of Ch.praecox.展开更多
Objective] To analyze the aroma constituents of essential oils from Chi-monanthus praecox. [Method] Extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistil ation （MAHD）, aroma constituents of essential oils of Chimonanthus prae...Objective] To analyze the aroma constituents of essential oils from Chi-monanthus praecox. [Method] Extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistil ation （MAHD）, aroma constituents of essential oils of Chimonanthus praecox flowers were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Normalization method was used to determine the constituents quantitatively. [Result] Total y 27 compounds were identified, accounting for 98.85% of total amounts. The main aroma con-stituents are terpenes, aldehydes, esters, alcohols and hydrocarbons. Main compo-nents with relative percentage over 5% are germacrene D （25.62%）, bornyl acetate （16.71%）, caryophyl ene （10.51%）, cis-α-ocimene （5.18%）, γ-elemene （8.05%）, β-linalool （5.01%）, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis （1-methylethenyl）-cyclohexane （7.18%） and 2,3,4,4α,5,6-hexahydro-1,4αdimethyl-7-（1-methylethyl）-naphthalene （5.20%）. [Conclu-sion] The study provided a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of Chimonanthus praecox resources.展开更多
In the present study,four new sesquiterpenoids,chimonols A–D(compounds 1–4),together with four known compounds(5–8) were isolated from the Et OAc extract of Chimonanthus praecox Link.The structures of these new com...In the present study,four new sesquiterpenoids,chimonols A–D(compounds 1–4),together with four known compounds(5–8) were isolated from the Et OAc extract of Chimonanthus praecox Link.The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques(UV,IR,MS,and 1 D and 2 D NMR),and their absolute configurations were established by comparing experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism(ECD) spectra.Compounds 1–8 were evaluated for antimicrobial activities and the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in 96-well culture plates.Compounds 1,2,and 7 exhibited weak antibacterial effects for S.aureus(ATCC 6538),E.coli(ATCC 11775),and P.aeruginosa(ATCC 10145) with MIC values being 158–249 μg·mL^(-1).Compounds 3–7 showed activities against C.glabrata(ATCC 2001) and S.aureus(ATCC 43300) with MIC values being 128–197 μg·mL^(-1).Compounds 1–4 showed activity against S.aureus(ATCC 25923) with MIC values being 162–254 μg·mL^(-1).The present study provided a basis for future evaluation of these compounds as antibacterial agents.展开更多
Chimonanthus plants widely distributed in southern area of China, which have a long history of edibles and medicine. Phytochemical investigations have shown that Chimonanthus produced 143 non-volatile constituents, in...Chimonanthus plants widely distributed in southern area of China, which have a long history of edibles and medicine. Phytochemical investigations have shown that Chimonanthus produced 143 non-volatile constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins and others, which exhibit significant anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and other biological activities. On the basis of systematic reviewing of literatures, this article overviews the non-volatile constituents and pharmacology of Chimonanthus from domestic and foreign over the last 30 years(until June 2018), and may provide a useful reference for the further development of Chimonanthus.展开更多
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） method was established for the simultaneous determination of three major constituents,/-calycanthine, quercetin, and kaempferol, in Chimonanthi Niten...A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） method was established for the simultaneous determination of three major constituents,/-calycanthine, quercetin, and kaempferol, in Chimonanthi Nitentis Folium. The RP-HPLC analysis was carried out using an Agilent HC-C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm） column and a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol and phosphate buffer （10：90→90：10, v/v） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 25 ℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 239 nm from 0 to 15 min and 365 nm from 16 to 45 min. All calibration curves showed good linearity （R2〉0.9991） within test ranges. Relative standard deviations of repeated analyses were less than 2.64% （n = 6）, and the recovery of this method was 97.47%-98.26%. The contents of these three analytes were determined for the samples from different harvest times. The results showed that the/-calycanthine content in herbs increases from 99.94 μg/g to 468.0μg/g from April to July, whereas the content of quercetin and kaempferol was higher in April and May than that in June and July, which were consistent with the Chinese traditional medicine＇s use of Chimonanthi Nitentis Folium in Spring. Herein, a simple, rapid and accurate analytical method is presented and successfully applied for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of alkaloids and flavones from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.展开更多
基金supported by the Grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX1014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.XDJK2020B059)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971711).
文摘Vernalization is a process of acquiring or accelerating the flowering ability by prolonged cold exposure.VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE3(VIN3)is induced by chilling and is extremely important for the vernalization response in Arabidopsis thaliana.However,the issue of the induction of the VIN3-LIKE genes in wintersweet(Chimonanthus praecox)has been largely neglected.In the present study,we explored the molecular regulation of the PHD type finger protein-encoding gene CpVIL2 in relation to the growth and development of wintersweet in Arabidopsis.In wintersweet,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis showed that the relative expression of CpVIL2-As2i(intron-retained alternatively spliced in the second intron)was extremely higher in the pistils than in the other tissues.And the relative CpVIL2-As2i expression in flower buds(FBs)treated at 8°C was higher than that of FBs in December,2016 under natural conditions,which was not detected in non-flowering FBs at 16°C.In Arabidopsis,the expression patterns of the CpVIL2-As2i gene were detected at first in CpVIL2-As2i pro::GUS(β-glucuronidase)lines,with predominantly higher expression in flowers and inflorescence.Meanwhile,the hormone-induced expression profiles of the CpVIL2-As2i promoter were confirmed using exogenous induction by abscisic acid(ABA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)phytohormones,where the GUS enzyme activity obviously decreased compared with that of control.In comparison with Arabidopsis/Col-0,early flowering was detected in ectopic 35S::CpVIL2-As2i lines.Overall,these results demonstrated the function of the CpVIL2-As2i gene,at the same time,provided us with new insights into the molecular mechanisms of early flowering and complex regulatory networks of vernalization in wintersweet.
基金the financial supports by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560459)Major Discipline Academic and Technical Leaders Training Program of Jiangxi Province (20182BCB22003)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for Jiangxi Agriculture Research System (JXARS-13)the Graduate Innovative Special Fund Projects of Jiangxi Province, China (YC2021-S343)。
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the alleviating effect of Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.leaves flavonoids(CLF)on hyperuricemia induced by potassium oxonate in mice.The results showed that CLF lowered the serum levels of uric acid(UA),creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,downregulated hepatic mRNA expressions of xanthine oxidase(XO),phosphate ribose pyrophosphate synthetase(PRPS)and adenosine deaminase(ADA)in hyperuricemia mice.In addition,CLF repaired renal injury by significantly down-regulating mRNA and protein expressions of renal UA reabsorption-related proteins and up-regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of UA secretory-related proteins.Finally,CLF inhibited UA synthesis and promoted UA excretion to alleviate hyperuricemia.Besides,CLF supplementation repaired the intestinal barrier function as demonstrated by significant increased mRNA levels of intestinal zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),Occludin,mucin 2(MUC2)and mucin 4(MUC4),as well as decreased mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)in mice.Further research showed that CLF treatment restored intestinal homeostasis mediated by improving the composition of gut microbiota and elevating the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus,Alistipes,Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Parasutterella.Overall,our findings revealed a novel function of CLF as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the cDNA cloning of SMAT gene from Chimonanthus praecox and its expression. [Method] A novel cDNA was cloned by PT-PCR using the total RNA as template, and amplified to the desirable size. The RT-PCR products were reclaimed and transformed into E. coli DH 5o together with the PMD18-T vector after ligating by T-A cloning. Identified by colony PCR and EcoRI and Notl digestion, the recombinant plasmid with target gene was screened out and conducted the sequence analysis. [Result] Results of the sequence analysis showed that the ORF fragment of the SAMT cDNA was successfully cloned from Chimonanthus praecox gene, with the length of 1 196 bp and encoding 380 amino acids fragment which shared 99.2% homology to that of previously reported SAMT cDNA from Chimonanthus praecox （ABU88887）. The SAMT cDNA fragment was sub-cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector PGEX1-4T-1, and the obtained re- combinant plasmid was named PGSAMT. After inducting by 0.01mol/L IPTG, the re- sult of the SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of the fusion ex- pression SAMT protein was about 66 kDa, which was close to the predicted fusion protein derived from the 26 kDa GST band and 42.3 kDa SAMT gene of Chimo- nanthus praecox encoded protein. [Conclusion] This study successfully cloned and expressed the SAMT gene of Chimonanthus praecox.
基金funded by Talents Introduction Plan of Yunnan Province-"High-End Foreign Experts"Program(Grant No.000019)。
文摘Chimonanthus praecox is an important ornamental plant and cut flower material in China.It blooms in the freezing winter and its flower emits charming fragrance.However,in different region the flowering time is variable.In order to understand the flowering mechanism of Ch.praecox in the winter,we studied the flower bud differentiation in Spring City-Kunming using paraffin sectioning method in the present study.Meanwhile we compared the differentiation process difference from different regions.It was found that the temperature is the key factor for its flower bud differentiation and blossom of Ch.praecox.In the process of bud differentiation,the temperature 20℃was the optimum for inducing changes from vegetative axillary buds to reproductive buds and subsequent morphological differentiation in Ch.praecox.Furthermore in the first three differentiation periods—tepal primordial stage,staminal primordial stage and pistil primordial stage,Kunming took the shortest time to finish the process due to very rapid temperature rise to 20℃,whereas,in Zhengzhou the time for these differentiations was the longest,which may be caused by the slow temperature rise.After May,the high temperature stress forced the flower buds into the first long dormant period in all regions except Kunming.In Kunming,the average temperature was only 20–25℃,so the flower bud continued to differentiate.In all regions,Kunming is the first to complete whole flower bud differentiation even on the early August,and started the second dormancy very early but very long.In the other regions,the plants went through a shorter dormancy and the low temperature broke the dormancy rapidly.Contrarily the plants of Kunming spent a longer period for the low temperature.Thus,the low temperature less than 10℃is a key factor to breaking the second dormancy.Surely the regular effects of temperature on flower bud differentiation and blossom is very helpful for florescence regulation of Ch.praecox.
基金Supported by the Research Fund from Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science(2013009)Innovation Capacity Platform Construction Project of Guizhou Science and Technology Department(20104008)~~
文摘Objective] To analyze the aroma constituents of essential oils from Chi-monanthus praecox. [Method] Extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistil ation （MAHD）, aroma constituents of essential oils of Chimonanthus praecox flowers were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Normalization method was used to determine the constituents quantitatively. [Result] Total y 27 compounds were identified, accounting for 98.85% of total amounts. The main aroma con-stituents are terpenes, aldehydes, esters, alcohols and hydrocarbons. Main compo-nents with relative percentage over 5% are germacrene D （25.62%）, bornyl acetate （16.71%）, caryophyl ene （10.51%）, cis-α-ocimene （5.18%）, γ-elemene （8.05%）, β-linalool （5.01%）, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis （1-methylethenyl）-cyclohexane （7.18%） and 2,3,4,4α,5,6-hexahydro-1,4αdimethyl-7-（1-methylethyl）-naphthalene （5.20%）. [Conclu-sion] The study provided a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of Chimonanthus praecox resources.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science&Technology on China(No.2017YFD0201402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81160390 and 81660580)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province,China{Nos.(QKHRCTD[2015]4026)(QKHLHZ[2015]7400)QKHRC[2016]4037,[2011]LKZ7051,and QKZHJ(2009)2150}
文摘In the present study,four new sesquiterpenoids,chimonols A–D(compounds 1–4),together with four known compounds(5–8) were isolated from the Et OAc extract of Chimonanthus praecox Link.The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques(UV,IR,MS,and 1 D and 2 D NMR),and their absolute configurations were established by comparing experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism(ECD) spectra.Compounds 1–8 were evaluated for antimicrobial activities and the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in 96-well culture plates.Compounds 1,2,and 7 exhibited weak antibacterial effects for S.aureus(ATCC 6538),E.coli(ATCC 11775),and P.aeruginosa(ATCC 10145) with MIC values being 158–249 μg·mL^(-1).Compounds 3–7 showed activities against C.glabrata(ATCC 2001) and S.aureus(ATCC 43300) with MIC values being 128–197 μg·mL^(-1).Compounds 1–4 showed activity against S.aureus(ATCC 25923) with MIC values being 162–254 μg·mL^(-1).The present study provided a basis for future evaluation of these compounds as antibacterial agents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81360631)
文摘Chimonanthus plants widely distributed in southern area of China, which have a long history of edibles and medicine. Phytochemical investigations have shown that Chimonanthus produced 143 non-volatile constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins and others, which exhibit significant anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and other biological activities. On the basis of systematic reviewing of literatures, this article overviews the non-volatile constituents and pharmacology of Chimonanthus from domestic and foreign over the last 30 years(until June 2018), and may provide a useful reference for the further development of Chimonanthus.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81360631)
文摘A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） method was established for the simultaneous determination of three major constituents,/-calycanthine, quercetin, and kaempferol, in Chimonanthi Nitentis Folium. The RP-HPLC analysis was carried out using an Agilent HC-C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm） column and a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol and phosphate buffer （10：90→90：10, v/v） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 25 ℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 239 nm from 0 to 15 min and 365 nm from 16 to 45 min. All calibration curves showed good linearity （R2〉0.9991） within test ranges. Relative standard deviations of repeated analyses were less than 2.64% （n = 6）, and the recovery of this method was 97.47%-98.26%. The contents of these three analytes were determined for the samples from different harvest times. The results showed that the/-calycanthine content in herbs increases from 99.94 μg/g to 468.0μg/g from April to July, whereas the content of quercetin and kaempferol was higher in April and May than that in June and July, which were consistent with the Chinese traditional medicine＇s use of Chimonanthi Nitentis Folium in Spring. Herein, a simple, rapid and accurate analytical method is presented and successfully applied for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of alkaloids and flavones from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.
