The Scale and Structure of Funding Expenditures for China’s Firstclass Universities

Adequate funding is identified as a crucial factor in ensuring the success of these universities,impacting talent cultivation,scientific research,and social services.Since the 1990s,China has launched several key projects to enhance the development of its first universities and aimed at elevating these institutions to world-class status.Using data from 34 first-class universities in China from 2014 to 2022,this study analyzes the characteristics and differences in expenditure.It employs an independent sample t-test model to compare the C9 League universities with other first-class universities.The findings reveal significant gaps in total expenditure and varying priorities in expenditure categories,with education being the dominant expenditure item.The study concludes with suggestions for optimizing the efficiency of fund utilization to support the development of world-class universities in China.

Posttraumatic stress symptoms among Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic:Prevalence,correlates,and mental health help-seeking

BACKGROUND Revisiting the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress symptoms(PTSSs)among university students during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic as well as understanding the mental health help-seeking behavior of individuals with PTSSs has critical implications for public mental health strategies in future medical pandemics.AIM To investigate the prevalence and correlates of PTSSs among university students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to examine mental health help-seeking behaviors among these students.METHODS A total of 2507 Chinese university students were recruited via snowball sampling.The students completed the Seven-item Screening Scale for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.Sociodemo-graphic characteristics,pandemic-related characteristics,and mental health help-seeking behaviors of students with PTSSs were also collected.RESULTS The prevalence of PTSSs among the participants was 28.0%.Seven significant correlates of PTSSs were identified(odds ratio=1.23-3.65,P≤0.024):Female sex,being 19 years old or older,living with others or alone,a low level of family economic status,fair or poor interpersonal relationships,severe or very severe local pandemic,and having family members diagnosed with COVID-19.However,only 3.28%of the students with PTSSs reported seeking help from mental health specialists.Among the 23 students who sought help from mental health specialists,13 opted for online or telephone-based psychological consultation.CONCLUSION Our data suggest that there was a high risk of PTSSs among university students and a high level of unmet mental health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.The delivery of mental health services online or via telephone is a promising approach to address these unmet needs.

Three Models of English Education in China＇s Universities ——-A Historical Perspective

In the present paper, a comparison is made of the three formats in the history of EECU （English education in China＇s universities）. In the first period （1904-1949）, English education was conducted separately in government-managed educational institutions and in institutions sponsored by church-related organizations; English education was well-knit with both general education and specialty education; and self-motivating learning was encouraged. In the second period （1950-1966）, almost everything was tinted with a shady color of politics： A halt was addressed drastically to EEC （English education in China） in 1952. In the gradual recovery that started four years later, the second format was sawed and hammered, showing the following features： All non-government-mamaged institutions vanished from the stage; English was taught solely as a language or a system of verbal parts, almost deprived of all cultural loading. The third period （1978 onwards） has witnessed a barrier-free and rapid development of over three decades, resulting in the unprecedented pervasion of EECU. Yet in the third tbrmat, learners＇ efforts have turned wholly test-oriented, degenerating into the saddening disintegrity of learning as a process into isolated charges to the target of a test at a time; the ignorant reduction of the learning methods to ＂Vocabulary Booklets Plus Collections of Test Papers＂. Such a comparison not only provides a multi-dimensional perspective of EECU and a better understanding of it, but also offers some important experiences and lessons for the search of an effective solution to the pervasive problem of＂Time-Consumingness and Low-Efficiency＂.

Chinese Students’ Adaptation of Social Intercourse Influenced by Different Cultural Contexts of China and America in American Universities

1 Statement of the Purpose (1) Statement of the purpose The purpose of the research isto study Chinese studends' adaptation of social intercourse influenced by different cultural contexts of China and America in American universities.And the study will also try to find out the exact problems and obstacles during Chinese students' adapting period in American universities.

Empirical Examination of the Effects of Competition and Regulation on Public Universities and Colleges＇ Performance in China

Competition and regulation are indispensable entities for a university＇s improved performance. Using university rating as an index to performance, empirical analyses with the data from 145 public universities and colleges in China show that increased competition in the education service market is associated with higher university＇s （college＇s） performance. And increased competition in R＆D may make a quadratic effect on university＇s （college＇s） performance. University＇s performance improves when a university is directed as a branch of the central government because they enjoy some degree of management flexibility more than the local government controlled ones. A major implication of the study is the need to reform competition and regulation for improving universities and colleges＇ operating performance in China.

The Effectiveness of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning(MALL)Applications on the Spoken English Assessments in China’s Universities

The increased ownership of mobile phone users and the advancement of mobile applications enlarge the practicality and popularity of use for learning purposes among Chinese university students.However,even if innovative functions of these applications are increasingly reported in relevant research in the education field,little research has been in the application of spoken English language.This paper examined the effect of using a Mobile-Assisted Language Learning(MALL)application“IELTS Liulishuo”(speaking English fluently in the IELTS test)as a unit of analysis to improve the English-speaking production of university students in China.The measurement of this mobile application in its effectiveness of validity and reliability is through the use of seven dimensional criteria.Although some technical and pedagogical issues challenge adoptions of MALL in some less-developed regions in China,the study showed positive effects of using a MALL oral English assessment application characterised with Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR)system on the improvement of complexity,accuracy,and fluency of English learners in China’s colleges.

Is a Single Product Cost Function Appropriate for Institutions of Higher Education？ Empirical Evidence From China＇s Research Universities＊

Many studies exist in the literature of scale and scope economies in institutions of higher education employing multi-product cost functions of quadratic, constant elasticity substitution （CES）, or hybrid translog form. A single product cost function is normally considered inadequate and yield distorted results. Both quadratic and single product cost functions have been applied to university data from China＇s Ministry of Education （MOE）. This study compares those two methods and their statistical results and finds that ray economies of scale from these two cost functions are quite similar though the single product cost function which can not be used to calculate product-specific economies of scale or economies of scope.

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Tongji University In 1907,Tongji University,then known as Tongji German Medical School,was founded in Shanghai.A century later, it has developed into a state university with comprehensive disciplines in engineering,science,medicine, management,arts,law,and economics, while specializing in architecture,civil

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Shanghai Jiao Tong University In 1896,the forerunner of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU),Nanyang Public School was founded in Shanghai.In the 1930s,it was known as the "oriental MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)" due to its reputation of nurturing top engineers.A significant amount of its faculty was sent in 1956,by the Central Government,to Xi’an to help build Xi’an Jiaotong University in west China’s Shaanxi Province.Afterward,the school was officially renamed Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

East China Normal University Founded in October 1951,East China Normal University(ECNU) is a high-level normal university located in east China’s Shanghai Municipality.With two campuses located in Minhang and Putuo districts totaling an area of over 220 hectares,ECNU has long been reputed as a"garden university"for its beautiful

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Changchun University of Science and Technology LOCATED in Changchun,capital city of Jilin Province in northeast China,Changchun University of Science and Technology (CUST) is a provincial key university featured in engineering.Having four campuses,it covers an area of 800,000 square meters. CUST was founded in 1958.After over 50 years of development,CUST has now

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Nanjing Normal University Located in east China’s Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University(NNU) is one of China’s key comprehensive universities and one of the birthplaces of China’s higher education for teacher cultivation. It can be traced back to Sanjiang Normal College established in 1902 and Huiwen Academy in 1888.It took its present name in 1984.

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Shanghai International Studies University In December 1949,Shanghai Russian College,the forerunner of Shanghai International Studies University(SISU), was founded in Shanghai.Over 60 years later,SISU has developed into a research, teaching,and multi-disciplinary comprehensive university,dedicated to fostering foreign language elites with "high quality,

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Yangzhou University Yangzhou University(YZU) is a key comprehensive university of provincial level in Jiangsu Province.Established in 1992,it is a merger of six colleges.YZU’s eight campuses cover an area of about 287 hectares,and are closely located in Yangzhou’s downtown. The history of YZU can be traced back to as early as 1902,when Zhang Jian,a renowned modern businessman and educator,set up the Teachers School of Tongzhou and Tonghai Agricultural

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Harbin Institute of Technology SITUATED in Harbin,the capital city of Heilongjiang Province in northeast China,Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) is widely recognized as one of the country’s top universities and has consistently ranked among the best engineering schools. Founded in 1920,HIT has developed into a large nationally renowned multi-disciplinary university.It now has

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Jilin Normal University Founded in 1958,Jilin Normal University (JLNU) is a key provincial university in Siping City,northeast China’s Jinlin Province.Specialized in training teachers of institutions of higher education in Jilin Province,JLNU is the only provincial university that has been awarded with the National Teaching Awards on six occasions in six consecutive years. Covering an area of 920,000 square meters,JLNU now has 22 colleges,two teaching divisions and 27 research institutes, and 117 laboratories are available for research.There are 15,155 undergraduate students,1,372 postgraduates and 437 foreign students.The university

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Fudan University LOCATED in east China’s Shanghai Municipality, Fudan University (FU) is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China. Initially known as Fudan Public School, FU is the first institution of higher education independently founded

ChinAfrica focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Harbin Engineering University Located next to the scenic Songhuajiang River in Harbin,the ice city in northeast China,Harbin Engineering University (HEU) is a national key university and one of the first "Project 211" universities, a project aimed at cultivating high-level elite for national economic and social development strategies initiated in 1995. The predecessor of HEU is PLA Military Engineering Institute(HME), which was established in 1953.Based

Chin Africa focuses on universities in China that recruit foreign students

Nanjing University Nanjing University(NJU),one of China’s key comprehensive universities under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Education,was founded in 1902,known as Sanjiang Normal College.It took its present name in October 1950. Today’s NJU has three campuses, comprising 26 schools with 75 departments, which provide 85 undergraduate programs,213 master’s programs,147 doctoral programs and 28 post-doctoral research programs.

Prevalence of vegetation browning in China’s drylands under climate change

Vegetation greening has long been acknowledged,but recent studies have pointed out that vegetation greening is possibly stalled or even reversed.However,detailed analyses about greening reversal or increased browning of vegetation remain scarce.In this study,we utilized the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)as an indicator of vegetation to investigate the trends of vegetation greening and browning(monotonic,interruption,and reversal)through the breaks for the additive season and trend(BFAST)method across China’s drylands from 1982 to 2022.It also reveals the impacts of ecological restoration programs(ERPs)and climate change on these vegetation trends.We find that the vegetation displays an obvious pattern of east-greening and west-browning in China’s drylands.Greening trends mainly exhibits monotonic greening(29.8%)and greening with setback(36.8%),whereas browning shows a greening to browning reversal(19.2%).The increase rate of greening to browning reversal is 0.0342/yr,which is apparently greater than that of greening with setback,0.0078/yr.This research highlights that,under the background of widespread vegetation greening,vegetation browning is pro-gressively increasing due to the effects of climate change.Furthermore,the ERPs have significantly increased vegetation coverage,with the increase rate in 2000-2022 being twice as much as that of 1982-1999 in reveg-etation regions.Vegetation browning in southwestern Qingzang Plateau is primarily driven by adverse climatic factors and anthropogenic disturbances,which offset the efforts of ERPs.