Identification and Transcriptional Regulation of CAMTA Genes in Liriodendron chinense

This study explores CAMTA genes in the rare and endangered Chinese plant species,Liriodendron chinense.Despite the completion of whole-genome sequencing,the roles of CAMTA genes in calcium regulation and stress responses in this species remain largely unexplored.Within the L.chinense genome,we identified two CAMTA genes,Lchi09764 and Lchi222536,characterized by four functional domains:CG-1,TIG,ANK repeats,and IQ motifs.Our analyses,including phylogenetic investigations,cis-regulatory element analyses,and chromosomal location studies,aim to elucidate the defining features of CAMTA genes in L.chinense.Applying Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis(WGCNA),we explored the impact of CAMTA genes on different organs and their regulation under abiotic stress conditions.The identification of significant gene modules and the prediction of promoter binding sites revealed co-expressed genes associated with CAMTA transcription factors.In summary,this study provides initial insights into CAMTA genes in L.chinense,laying the groundwork for future research on their evolution and biological roles.This knowledge enhancement contributes to a better understanding of plant responses to environmental stress—an essential aspect of plant biology.

The flavonoids from Pentorum chinense Pursh.mediates ferroptosis to alleviate sorafenib-induced liver injury in BRL-3A cells

Background:Drug-induced liver damage is a severe medical issue that affects people all over the world.Sorafenib has some side effects that cause liver injury.A dietary medicinal plant called Penthorum chinense Pursh.(PCP)has hepatoprotective properties.There are currently few reports on PCP’s protective impact and mechanism against sorafenib-induced liver injury.Methods:To create a liver injury model,sorafenib was administered to BRL-3A cells.Cell viability assays,immunofluorescence tests,Western blotting,real-time quantitative PCR,and high-content imaging systems were utilized to examine PCP’s effect and mechanism.Results:In this study,PCP treatment mitigated the liver damage caused by sorafenib by enhancing cell survival,lowering lipid reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels,and elevating glutathione levels.In addition,PCP can enhance the protein expression of cystine/glutamate transporter xCT and glutathione peroxidase 4,reduce iron content and alleviate mitochondrial toxicity.Further mechanism studies revealed that PCP inhibited ferroptosis by promoting the production of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation and subsequently affecting target genes(HO-1 and NQO1).Conclusion:Together,PCP regulates the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 pathway,which helps to lessen ferroptosis brought on by sorafenib.

Optimization of Extraction Process for Total Flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and Comparison of Their Contents from Different Parts

[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and compare their contents from different parts.[Methods]Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh with the volume fraction of ethanol,the ratio of material to liquid,heating reflux extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of total flavonoids as the index.A verification test was carried out.The optimized extraction process was adopted to compare the contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh.[Results]The best extraction process was extracting the powder of P.chinense Pursh for 2.0 h with 20 times of 55%ethanol by reflux twice.Under this condition,the contents of total flavonoids were 3.63%,8.90%,11.28%,and 4.36%from stems,leaves,flowers and whole grass of P.chinense Pursh,respectively.[Conclusions]The process is reasonable,feasible and stable,and can effectively extract total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh.The contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh were quite different,and the value was higher in the leaves and flowers,so the proportions of leaves and flowers should be paid attention to in the industrial processing of P.chinense Pursh.

Study on Chemical Constituents from Phellodendron chinense

[Objectives]To isolate and identify chemical constituents from Phellodendron chinense.[Methods]Compounds were isolated by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and ODS column chromatography,and their structures were determined by means of the spectral analysis and physicochemical properties.[Results]Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as berberine(1),obaculactone(2),shihulimonin A(3),N-p-coumaroyltyramine(4),1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol(5),phellodendrine(6),magnoflorine(7),palmatine(8),jatrorrhizine(9),columbamine(10),and obacunone(11).[Conclusions]Compounds 3 and 5 were isolated from Phellodendron for the first time,and compound 4 was isolated from this plant for the first time.

川黄檗(Phellodendron chinense)适宜区及随气候变化的分布格局模拟

川黄檗(Phellodendron chinense)具有极高的药用价值,但由于人类干扰和气候变化,导致其野生资源急剧减少,目前已被列为国家Ⅱ级保护野生植物。基于川黄檗的55个有效分布记录点和19个气候因子,利用MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS软件,预测当前(1970—2000年)与未来(2041—2060年和2081—2100年)的潜在分布区格局,并评估制约其地理分布的主要气候因子。研究结果表明:MaxEnt模型预测精度极高,受试者工作曲线面积AUC值大于0.97;川黄檗当前的高适宜以上生境主要覆盖巫山山脉、四川盆地西南边缘山区、贵州中部北部山地以及大巴山南部山区;影响其分布的主要气候因子为年均降水量、年均温、温度季节变化方差和等温性;在未来气候变化情境下,川黄檗的适宜分布区总面积均有不同程度的增加,高适宜以上区域面积呈现出较为明显的波动趋势。降水和温度在塑造川黄檗分布格局上起着重要的作用;相比于当前,川黄檗在未来气候变化条件下的适宜区有向北迁移的趋势,这可为川黄檗野生种质资源保护、利用以及后续研究提供参考。

Establishment of Somatic Cell Clones in Thesium chinense Turcz and Its in vitro Rooting Technique

[Objective] The aim of this study is to establish the rapid micro-propagation system in Thesium chinense Turcz.[Method]With stem fragments of wild Thesium chinense Turcz as explants,different culture media were designed to conduct induction culture,strengthening plantlet culture and in vitro rooting.[Result]The optimum medium for inducing clustered shoots was determined to be MS medium appended with 1.5 mg/L 6-BA,0.01 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D;in addition,60 mg/kg ABT was suitable for rooting,by which the percentage of rooted plantlets reached 76.6%.[Conclusion]This study simplified the procedures of tissue culture in Thesium chinense Turcz and enhanced the proliferation rate,providing basis for artificial cultivation and resource protection of Thesium chinense Turcz.

不同类型群落中濒危植物永瓣藤(Monimopetalum chinense)种群的空间分布格局

为揭示永瓣藤(Monimopetalum chinense)种群的分布格局特征及其成因,采用分形分析中的计盒维数对取自4个分布地的13个样方进行了研究。结果显示:(1)同一研究地不同群落中永瓣藤种群的分形特征差异明显,而不同研究地同一类型群落之间的差异不大,分析认为这与永瓣藤在群落中的生态地位及生境异质性有关。(2)永瓣藤种群计盒维数由高到低依次为杉木林(1.911±0.025)、杂木林(1.806±0.079)、马尾松林(1.692±0.054)和毛竹林(1.629±0.081),表明不同群落中其个体分布的非均匀性存在较大差异。(3)永瓣藤种群的拐点尺度由高到低依次为毛竹林(4.111m±0.484m)、马尾松林(3.778m±0.222m)、杂木林(2.857m)、杉木林(2.013m±0.117m),次序与计盒维数相反。(4)分析认为,不同群落中永瓣藤无性繁殖能力的不同对其种群格局的计盒维数以及拐点尺度有重要影响。

辣椒C.frutescens×C.chinense种间杂种的获得与鉴定

运用有性杂交方法,以强辣灌木辣椒Capsicum frutescens H101为母本(P1)、强辣C.chinense PI439487为父本(P2)进行种间杂交,获得了C.frutescens×C.chinense种间杂种。对种间杂种F125个表型性状进行了观察比较,结果表明:F1在生长势方面具有明显的杂种优势,其他表型性状则多介于P1与P2之间。SRAP分析显示,F1与P1、P2共有带220条,占总位点数的53.92%,与P1或P2共有带143条,占35.05%,F1特异带和特异缺失带12条,点2.95%。F1与P1遗传相似系数为0.749,大于其与P2的遗传相似系数(0.740),说明杂种在DNA水平上更趋向于母本。C.frutescens×C.chinense种间杂种的获得,为C.chinense香味和多花基因的转移及新材料创制奠定了基础。

Saikosaponin q-1 from Bupleurum chinense

A new saikosaponin was isolated from Bupleurum chinense DC., and its structure was identified as 3β,16α,23,28,30_pentahydroxy_olean_11,13(18)_dien_3_O_β_D_glucopyranosyl(1→6)_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]_β_D_glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, named as saikosaponin q_1. In addition, two known saikosaponins, 3″_O_acetyl_saikosaponin d and 3″_O_acetyl_saikosaponin b 2, were also isolated and identified from this plant for the first time.

杀线虫真菌Simplicillium chinense菌株Snef5强毒和弱毒菌株的诱变筛选

杀线虫真菌Simplicillium chinense菌株Snef5分离自柞蚕茧蛹体内,其发酵液对多种线虫均具有较高的致死作用。为筛选对南方根结线虫强毒与弱毒的菌株,采用紫外照射、硫酸二乙酯处理及农杆菌介导的遗传转化等3种诱变方法对菌株Snef5进行诱变育种,结果表明:共筛选得到8株强毒菌株,3株弱毒菌株。复筛后获得毒力稳定的菌株共4株,包括强毒菌株UV-17和UV-18,弱毒菌株UV-15和T-25,以农杆菌介导的遗传转化法诱变处理效果最佳。诱变菌株UV-17、UV-18、UV-15和T-25的获得,为将来对杀线虫活性基因簇进行分析研究奠定了基础。

Research on Acute Toxicity of Penthorum chinense Pursh. Total Flavonoids and Therapeutic Effect on AFL Rats

[Objectives]To study the acute toxicity of total flavonoids in Penthorum chinense Pursh. and the therapeutic effect on AFL( Alcoholic Fatty Liver). [Methods] The liquid of total flavonoids in P. chinense Pursh. was intragastrically administered to the test group rats in the maximum concentration and the maximum administration volume,an equal volume of solvent was given to the control group,and it was observed continuously for 14 d; 1. 5% ferrous sulfate feed was used for feeding,the alcohol intragastric administration method was used to copy the AFL rats model,and the therapeutic effect of total flavonoids in P. chinense Pursh. on the fatty liver rats was observed. [Results]No rat died in the medication administration group and the control group,there was no acute toxicity reaction,and the maximum tolerance dose of total flavonoids in P. chinense Pursh. for the rats by intragastric administration was 33. 6 g/kg; rats suffered AFL 6 weeks after the alcohol intragastric administration. For the 800 mg/kg P. chinense Pursh. total flavonoids and 2 000 mg/kg P. chinense Pursh. extract with the same dose as that of the P. chinense Pursh. crude drug,P. chinense Pursh. total flavonoids played a more significant role than P. chinense Pursh. extract in lowering oil red O staining area in AFL rats' liver tissue and reducing the ALT,AST,TC,TG content in AFL rats' serum. [Conclusions]The P. chinense Pursh. total flavonoids had low acute toxicity,and had a greater therapeutic effect on the AFL rats than the P. chinense Pursh.extract.

Photosynthetic Characteristic Variation of Different Provenances of Liriodendron chinense Sarg. at Seedling Stage

[Objective]The aim was to study photosynthetic characteristic variation of different provenances of Liriodendron chinense Sarg. at seedling stage and provide the theoretical basis for work of provenance selection,parent selection of hybridizing breeding,genetic resource conservation of L.chinense Sarg.. [Method]With 13 provenances 1-year-old L.chinense Sarg. seedlings as tested materials,the photosynthetic characteristic variation of different provenances were studied. [Result]The L.chinense Sarg. seedlings of different provenances had the significant difference on net photosynthetic rate （Pn）,stomata conductivity （Gs） and water use efficiency （WUE）. The Pn of the highest provenance was 2.36 times the lowest. Majority seed sources light saturation point （LSP） were in 800-1 200 μmol photons/（m2·s）. Gs,transpiration rate （Tr） and Pn were significantly positively correlated,and the three had a significant positive correlation with the light compensation point （LCP）. Pn,LSP and WUE were negatively correlated. [Conclusion]The photosynthetic characteristics of L.chinense Sarg. had significant variation among provenances. Maybe Gs is the important factor leading to difference in Pn of L.chinense Sarg. seedlings. L.chinense Sarg. seedlings still need higher light intensity and more water.

Effects of Drought Stress on Contents of Endogenous Hormones in Leaves of Different Clones of Liriodendron chinense×L. tulipifera

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of drought stress on contents of endogenous hormones in leaves of different clones of Liriodendron chinense×L. tulipifera. Drought-resistant Liriodendron chinense×L. tulipifera clones NE25,NE78 and drought-sensitive Liriodendron chinense×L. tulipifera clones NE04,NE23 were selected as experimental materials to study the content changes of four kinds of endogenous hormones such as abscisic acid （ABA）,indoleacetic acid （IAA）,ribosylzeatin （ZR） and jasmonic acid （JA） in leaves of different clones under drought stress. [Result] Under drought stress,ABA was accumulated I leaves of different clones,however,the content changes in drought-resistant clones were not obvious; IAA content showed a decreasing trend,and the content changes n drought-resistant clones during later period of drought stress was decreased; JA content showed an increasing trend in leaves of drought-sensitive clones,indicating that drought-sensitive clones had to maintain higher contents of JA to resist drought stress. [Conclusion] The result of this study had provided scientific basis for the screening,planting and application of drougt-resistant clones of Liriodendron chinense×L. tulipifera.

The Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Bupleurum chinense DC.

从北柴胡（ＢｕｐｌｅｕｒｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅＤＣ．）根的乙醇提取液中分离得到五个化合物，经理化性质及波谱解析分别鉴定为水仙甙（１）、腺苷（２），尿苷（３）、ａ菠甾醇葡萄糖甙（４）及木糖醇（５）。均为首次从北柴胡中分离得到。

Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction Technology of Polyphenols from Loropetalum chinense(R. Br.) Oliv

In order to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction technology of polyphenols from Loropetalum chinense （R. Br.） Oliv., the effects of microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid to liquid ratio and extraction time on polyphenols extraction rate were investigated. On the basis of single-factor test, a four-factor and three-level orthogonal test was designed by response surface method to establish a mathematical model between the response value and various factors. The results showed that the intensity of effect of different influencing factor on polyphenols ex- traction rate ranked as microwave power＇s〉solid to liquid ratio＇s〉extraction time＇s〉 ethanol concentration＇s. The optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions for polyphenols from L. chinense were as follows： extraction power 254 W, ethanol concentration 60%, extraction time 12.5 rain and solid to liquid ratio 1：17. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction rate of polyphenols from L. chinense was 19.17%.

中华蚊母树(Distylium chinense)幼苗对秋、冬季淹水的生长及生理响应

为阐明三峡库区岸生植物中华蚊母树(Distylium chinense)幼苗对水淹的耐淹机理,通过设置对照组(CK)、半淹组(PF)、全淹组(CF)3个水淹处理,模拟库区消落带秋、冬季淹水情况,研究中华蚊母树幼苗在不同水淹时间和深度下的生长及生理生化特性.结果表明,淹水显著影响中华蚊母树幼苗的生物量,水淹150 d后,PF组植株和CF组植株根、茎、叶生物量均呈显著降低趋势,同时受水淹影响,植株根冠比也显著降低;中华蚊母树幼苗在水淹前90 d 2组水淹处理植株叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量均与CK组植株差异不显著,水淹120 d后,中华蚊母树幼苗叶片MDA含量显著增加,且随着水淹深度的增加而逐渐升高;可溶性蛋白在各水淹处理中的变化有所差异,水淹前60 d,淹水并没有影响CF组植株可溶性蛋白含量,但从水淹90 d开始,CF组植株可溶性蛋白含量有所上升,而PF组植株可溶性蛋白含量在整个淹水期间均与CK组植株差异不显著;2组水淹处理植株脯氨酸在水淹前期均显著上升,但自水淹90 d后逐渐下降至CK组水平;与MDA对水淹的响应一致,水淹前期PF组和CF组植株抗氧化酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶)均没有出现明显影响,但水淹后期2组水淹处理植株抗氧化酶活性均显著升高;可溶性糖含量在不同水淹处理下有所差异,PF组植株叶片可溶性糖含量在整个淹水期间均与CK组植株差异不显著;而CF组植株叶片可溶性糖含量随着水淹时间的延长逐渐降低.研究证明,中华蚊母树幼苗生长及生理特性对秋、冬季水淹环境具有一定的调节能力,是中华蚊母树幼苗能够在库区消落带存活生长的一个重要原因.

葱属植物挥发油研究 Ⅲ 薤（Allium chinense G．Don）挥发油成分的研究

利用ＧＣ－ＭＳ联用方法对薤挥发油成分进行了分析，鉴定了１７种化合物，其中１６种为合成化合物。主要成分为二甲基三硫和甲基烯丙基三硫，含量分别为１９．８２％和２３．０６％，后者对血小板聚集有强烈抑制作用。

南京早椒×C．chinense种间杂交的受精和胚胎发育

对南京早椒（ＣａｐｓｉｃｕｍｆｒｕｔｅｓｃｅｎｓＬＶａｒ．ＣｏｎｏｉｄｅｓＢａｉｌｅｙ）×Ｃ．Ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ种间杂交受精和胚胎发育过程的观察表明：授粉后２～６小时，花粉在柱头上萌发，８～１２小时为花粉萌发盛期，产生花粉管，开始进入柱头组织。授粉后５２～７２小时，精核进入卵细胞和中央细胞，完成双受精。原胚发育为茄型。从授粉、受精、合子分裂、指形胚、球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚至成熟胚的整个发育阶段历经３２天。极核受精前靠近卵器，受精后立即分裂。胚乳发育属细胞型。杂交组受精和胚胎发育较自交组迟。

Genome-wide identification and cold stress-induced expression analysis of the CBF gene family in Liriodendron chinense

Cold-resistance pathways that operate in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa have been studied extensively.It has been found that CBF genes play an important role in plant cold resistance.Liriodendron chinense,a tree known for its graceful tree shape and widely spread in south China,has weak cold tolerance.However,little is known about its response to cold.To further study the function of L.chinense CBF gene family,we started by characterizing all members of this gene family in the L.chinense genome and their expression profiling.Phylogenetic analysis found that 14 CBF genes in L.chinense are more closely related to their homologues in woody plants and A.thaliana than those in O.sativa.Cis-acting elements and GO analysis showed that some LcCBF genes participated in the biological process of cold stress response.The transcriptomic and RT-qPCR data showed that most of LcCBF genes displayed an initially increasing and subsequently decreasing trend during cold stress course and the expression profile of each member was different.Some LcCBF genes exhibited a different abundance in callus,root,stem and leaf tissues.The structure and expression characteristics of LcCBF genes imply that they may have similar and different functions in response to cold stress conditions.The identification and analysis of LcCBF gene family have laid the foundation for future studies into L.chinense cold stress mechanisms and for the cultivation of cold-resistance cultivars.

A new sesterterpenoid from the fruits of Phellodendron chinense var.glabriusculum Schneid

A new sesterterpenoid phellogine was isolated from the fruits of Phellodendron chinense var. glabriusculum Schneid. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.