Chinese Scientists in Dubna(1956–1965)

The work of Chinese scientists conducted at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(JINR)(1956–1965)was inextricably linked to the Sino-Soviet relations in the 1950 s–1960 s.During the early stage of the JINR,with the aid of advanced equipment and the international cooperation mechanism,Chinese scientists yielded significant results,such as the discovery of the antisigma-minus hyperon and the proof of the law of partial conservation of axial current(PCAC).After the Sino-Soviet split,Chinese scientists’activities at the institute were hampered by political tensions,eventually resulting in China’s withdrawal from the JINR in 1965.But through the involvement at the JINR,Chinese scientists were trained in scientific practices and participated in international exchange and cooperation which turned them into a new force in China’s nuclear industry,boosting its nuclear weapons,particle physics theory,and accelerator technology.In the meantime,the scientists’activities extended the international influence of the JINR.The withdrawal of China from the institute impacted both the JINR and the development of science in China.

Chinese Scientists Have Obtained Great Achievements in Comprehensive Research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The China Geological Survey carried out 1：250000 regional geological surveys of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1999 to 2005. With a total investment of 300 million yuan, more than 1000 geologists were involved annually to conduct mapping at a grid of one line to every four km along the Kunlun Mts-Altyn Shan-Tanggula Shah, Kokoxili-Qiangtang, Gangdese, Yalun Zangbu River, and finally to the Himalayan ranges. The extensive mapping culminated in a total of 112 maps covering an area of 152 square kilometers. Based on this success, the China Geological Survey launched another program, the ＂Integration and Comprehensive Study of Basic Geological Survey Result（s） in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau＂. The program lasted from 2006 to 2010 and has yielded copious research results, making big strides in upgrading our understanding of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The achievements are manifold. Around 100 maps have been drafted, including the 1：1500000 geological map, tectonic, tectono-magmatic, metamorphic rocks, Precambrian geology, lithofacies palaeogeography, Cenozoic geology, geophysical-geochemical maps and others.

Chinese Scientists "Photographed" Molecular Picture with Chemical Bond Resolution

A flagship research project ofthe country during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period (1996-2000), thestudy was conducted under the ae-gis of CAS with financial supportfrom MOST. Remarkable academicprogress has been achieved over thepast years, according to the panel.

Chinese Scientists Contribute to the AMS program

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) program is regarded as a huge international scientific project following the world-known International Space Station (ISS) project, Human Genome project

Chinese Scientists Select Top 10 World Science Events in 2000

The top 10 major science and technology achievements were chosen by 485 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) or Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) from 20 options. The results of the survey were released in early January, 2001 in Beijing. The top 10 scientific achievements for the year 2000 are as follows:

Technology Roadmap for Space Solar Power Proposed by Chinese Scientists

As a result of Japan raising the alert level at its quake-damaged nuclear plant from four to seven on a seven-point international scale of atomic incidents,which was caused by the 9.0-magnitude earthquake

Representative Works of Chinese Scientists in 1999

Nine research activities of Chi-nese scientists were listed as world-level achievementsin 1999 by new-

Chinese Scientists Working on Diseases of Cultured Organisms in Seawater

Considerable research efforts are being made in China to understand the pathogeny of major marine cultured organisms and their resistance to diseases, which has been listed in the national development program for major basic research projects. The program, also called "973," is in effect a national plan focused on the leading basic

Chinese Government Awards Scientists

Two scientists received thecountry’s first Supreme Sci-entific and Technological(S&T) Award from Chinese Presi-dent Jiang Zemin in Beijing on Feb-ruary 19, along with about 2,600 oth-ers honored with state awards fornatural sciences, technological in-vention and S&T progress.

Soviet Aid and the Construction of the Lanzhou Cyclotron

The transmission of science and technology from the Soviet Union to People’s Republic of China in the mid-twentieth century is an important research area of contemporary history of science and technology.This paper takes the construction of the cyclotron in Lanzhou,China as the case to discuss the characteristics of technology transfer from the Soviet Union to China.The review of extensive archives reveals that the construction of cyclotron took place in the framework of China’s nuclear weapons development.Although the transmission of science and technology from the Soviet Union to China fit into the one-way transmission-reception model in general,both the Chinese demand and the Soviet response had key influences on the transmission.In the early cyclotron construction,the Chinese side relied on the Soviets,and the mode of the cooperation between Soviet and Chinese engineers can be described as one of expertstudent.In the early 1960 s,the relationship between China and the Soviet Union broke down.The Soviet engineers were required to withdraw with the technical data,which created conflicts in the roles played by the Soviet engineers,most of whom chose to set the sense of professional responsibility as their highest priority.After the departure of the Soviet experts,Chinese physicists played the leading role in the project,using scientific knowledge they had,relying on the technical materials left by Soviet experts,and cooperating fully with local engineers,thus completing the cyclotron.This case can provide us with valuable clues for the understanding of transnational history of science and technology.The seemingly one-way transmission-reception model is actually influenced by the needs of both sides.While the transnational flow of knowledge is inevitably affected by political factors from both sides,the process is far more complex than it appears.