Design to conditioning circuits of dynamic compensation of reactive power in the intelligence voltage controller

The paper introduces one design idea that making use of SCM to control Real-timely the dynamic compensation of reactive power.Firstly,design one Circuit to Sample the voltage and current,and by these datas we can easily calculate the power factor,and Voltage controller in the microcontroller to determine whether input the compensation capacitance according to the size of power factor,the paper also analyzes the principle of capacitance compensation and calculation method. Dynamic compensation for the entire process is quick and accurate.

Fuzzy Decision Method Applied in Action of Reactive Power Compensation Devices in Wind System

Frequent occurrence of large-scale cascading trip-off of wind turbine raises the concern about the decision process of ordered control of reactive power compensation devices. The theory of fuzzy multi-attribute decision making is adopted to ascertain the action sequence of reactive power compensation devices. First, a set of evaluation indexes including control sensitivity, regulation margin, response time, response level and cost is set up, and fuzziness of the proposed qualitative indexes is introduced to make them comparable to the proposed quantitative indexes. Then a method to calculate fuzzy weight of each index is put forward for evaluating relative importance of the proposed indexes. Finally, the action sequence of reactive power compensation devices is determined through the theory of fuzzy compromise decision making. The case study shows that the proposed method is effective to obtain the action sequence of reactive power compensation device which correspond to experience.

Neuro-Fuzzy Based Interline Power Flow Controller for Real Time Power Flow Control in Multiline Power System

This article investigates the power quality enhancement in power system using one of the most famous series converter based FACTS controller like IPFC (Interline Power Flow Controller) in Power Injection Model (PIM). The parameters of PIM are derived with help of the Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm. In general, a sample test power system without FACTs devices has generated more reactive power, decreased real power, more harmonics, small power factor and poor dynamic performance under line and load variations. In order to improve the real power, compensating the reactive power, proficient power factor and excellent load voltage regulation in the sample test power system, an IPFC is designed. The D-Q technique is utilized here to derive the reference current of the converter and its D.C link capacitor voltage is regulated. Also, the reference voltage of the inverter is arrived by park transformation technique and its load voltage is controlled. Here, a sample 230 KV test power system is taken for study. Further as the conventional PI controllers are designed at one nominal operating point they are not competent to respond satisfactorily in dynamic operating conditions. This can be circumvented by a Fuzzy and Neural network based IPFC and its detailed Simulink model is developed using MATLAB and the overall performance analysis is carried out under different operating state of affairs.

The Design of PSM-Based ECRH Power Supply Control System

Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system is one of the most important Tokamak auxiliary heating methods. However, there are growing demands for ECRH system as the physical experiments progress which meanwhile adds the difficulty of designing and building the control system of its power source. In this paper, the method of designing a control system based on Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is introduced according to its main requirements. The experimental results show that the control system in this paper achieves the conversion of different working modes, gets exact timing, and realizes the failure protection in 10us thus can be used in the ECRH system.

Steady-state Voltage Security-constrained Optimal Frequency Control for Weak HVDC Sending-end AC Power Systems

Due to the fact that a high share of renewable energy sources(RESs)are connected to high-voltage direct current(HVDC)sending-end AC power systems,the voltage and frequency regulation capabilities of HVDC sending-end AC power systems have diminished.This has resulted in potential system operating problems such as overvoltage and overfrequency,which occur simultaneously when block faults exist in the HVDC link.In this study,a steady-state voltage security-constrained optimal frequency control method for weak HVDC sending-end AC power systems is proposed.The integrated virtual inertia control of RESs is employed for system frequency regulation.Additional dynamic reactive power compensation devices are utilized to control the voltage of all nodes meet voltage security constraints.Then,an optimization model that simultaneously considers the frequency and steady-state voltage security constraints for weak HVDC sending-end AC power systems is established.The optimal control scheme with the minimum total cost of generation tripping and additional dynamic reactive power compensation required is obtained through the optimization solution.Simulations are conducted on a modified IEEE 9-bus test system and practical Qing-Yu line commutated converter based HVDC(LCC-HVDC)sending-end AC power system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

RESEARCH ON A REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM OF LOW POWER DISSIPATION FOR CONTINUOUS CYCLIC PERITONEAL DIALYSIS(CCPD) CYCLER

A low power dissipation control system for continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) cycler and its characteristics are reported. Combined withhemodialysis and renal transplantation, peritoneal dialysis is used mainly for thetreatment of renal failure. CCPD has been developed during 1980＇s. It provided automatic dialysis procedures during the night to avoid interruptions in patients＇dailyroutine. Furthermore,there is a remarkable decrease in peritonitis occurance usingCCPD. The control system is a critical part for CCPD cycler. The system is approvedto be reliable and flexible in practical experiments. When AC power failure,the system can still ensure the completion of dialysis.

Simulation Analysis of Control System in an Innovative Magnetically-Saturated Controllable Reactor

Controllable saturation reactors are widely used in reactive power compensation. The control system of controllable saturation reactor determines adaption speed, accuracy, and stability. First, an innovative type of controllable saturation reactor is introduced. After that the control system is designed, and a self-tuning algorithm in PID controller is proposed in the paper. The algorithm tunes PID parameters automatically with different error signals caused by varied loads in power system. Then the feasibility of the above algorithm is verified by Simulink module of Matlab software. The results of simulation indicate that the control system can efficiently reduce adaption time and overshoot.

Distributed Cooperative Secondary Voltage Control in an Unbalanced Microgrid

The negative-sequence reactive power-conductance(Q^(−)-G) droop control strategy is a conventional method to compensate for the output unbalanced voltages in an islanded MG.Nevertheless, the conflict between unbalanced voltage compensation and negative-sequence reactive power sharing, caused bythe impedance mismatching of distribution lines and distributedgenerators, has not been solved only by Q^(−)-G droop control.In this paper, a distributed cooperative secondary unbalancedvoltage control strategy is proposed to decrease the outputvoltage unbalance factor (VUF) of each droop-controlled DG,as well as to further enhance the negative-sequence reactivepower sharing effectiveness among DGs by properly shiftingup and down the Q^(−)-G droop characteristics of each DG.An algorithm for adaptive VUF weight coefficient is proposedto better suppress VUF under severe imbalance conditions.Furthermore, a negative-sequence small-signal model of an MGunder an unbalanced condition, considering the communicationdelay time of the proposed SUVC, is established to analyze thesystem’s stability and transient performance under the influenceof some critical parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of theproposed strategy is validated by the simulation results froma real-time emulator of StarSim HIL.

含电动汽车和光伏的配电网演化动态博弈调度策略

针对大规模电动汽车的无序充电行为可能导致电网出现的三相不平衡问题,基于演化动态博弈模型,提出一种考虑三相负荷平衡和光伏消纳的电动汽车充电调度策略。首先,基于电动汽车接入时段的主观性以及光伏出力和负荷的不确定性,引入游牧集群和定居集群之间的演化动态博弈方程;然后,考虑用户侧和电网侧双方利益关系,设计以最小化电动汽车充电费用、三相负荷不平衡度和无功需求为目标的调度优化模型;最后,通过对某商业区配电网算例进行仿真求解,对比分析三相有功曲线、三相无功曲线以及荷电状态曲线的变化趋势。算例结果表明,该调度策略可有效降低三相不平衡度,满足无功补偿的需求以及改善用户充电成本。

锌冶炼电网中谐波治理及应用

随着电力技术的发展,电能成为我们生活、工业中必不可少的能源之一,锌冶炼生产系统中,由于工业生产中整流设备、变频设备、电子装置、电葫芦等设备的使用,产生大量的高次谐波,使得电网系统电能质量下降,所以对电网中谐波的治理迫在眉睫,本文通过锌冶炼系统电网运行的实际情况分析谐波的来源和治理的方案。

Enhancement of Distributed Generation by Using Custom Power Device

Wind energy （WE） has become immensely popular for distributed generation （DG）. This case presents the monitoring, modeling, control, and analysis of the two-level three-phase WE based DG system where the electric grid interfacing custom power device （CPD） is controlled to perform the smart exchanging of electric power as per the Indian grid code. WE is connected to DC link of CPD for the grid integration purpose. The CPD based distributed static compensator, i.e. the distributed static synchronous compensator （DSTATCOM）, is utilized for injecting the wind power to the point of common coupling （PCC） and also acts against the reactive power demand. The novel indirect current control scheme of DSTATCOM regulates the power import and export between the WE and the electric grid system. It also acts as a compensator and performs both the key features simultaneously. Hence, the penetration of additional generated WE power to the grid is increased by 20% to 25%. The burden of reactive power compensation from grid is reduced by DSTATCOM. The modeling and simulation are done in MATLAB. The results are validated and verified.

基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网电压协同控制策略

整县分布式光伏电源的大量开发与利用及分布式电源规模化并网对实现“碳达峰、碳中和”与“乡村振兴”两大国家战略具有重要的现实意义。由于分布式电源发电尖峰和低谷阶段与负荷峰谷时常不同步,进而导致配电系统过/欠电压问题,严重影响了电能质量,甚至威胁系统安全。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网层级式电压协同控制策略。首先,建立基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网层级式电压协同控制框架。其次,结合多微电网节点注入电流与电压的方程与功率–电压灵敏度分析,根据多节点电压越限程度,提出一种基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的多智能体协同调节策略,该策略先通过无功补偿器进行无功调节,当电压尚未得到有效治理时,再采用多微电网进行有功调节。再次,为了进一步满足各节点微电网有功功率调节需求,并考虑电网内部源–荷–储运行成本与污染排放,提出一种基于多目标优化的微电网内部分布式源–荷–储优化协调功率控制策略。最后,在MATLAB平台中设计了3种仿真场景以及IEEE测试系统模型对所提控制策略进行了验证。结果表明,所提出的电压协同控制方法在最经济的情况下可以实现各节点电压的综合高效治理,同时,所提出的微电网优化协调功率控制策略能使源–荷–储在绿色经济的供电模式下实时精准地满足电压治理目标下微电网有功调节的需求。仿真实验结果验证了本文所提控制策略的有效性。

基于分布式协同控制技术的分散式无功补偿技术方案研究

结合实际工程的应用实例从分散式无功补偿方案的提出、分布式协同吸收方案的理论、具体工程方案的设计进行简单的论述。结合线路开通后的实际运行工况,利用设置于正线的能量回馈吸收装置实现了分散式无功补偿,该方案可减少或完全取消设置于主变电所侧的SVG容量,充分开发和利用了能馈吸收装置的能力,节约了工程投资,实现了既定设计目标。

基于DIgSILENT/PowerFactory的轻型直流输电系统建模和仿真

介绍了轻型直流输电系统的结构特点,建立了基于电力系统仿真软件DIgSILENT/PowerFactory的轻型直流输电系统模型,分析了基于同步d-q旋转坐标系下的电压源换流器的稳态数学模型和直流电压、有功功率和无功功率的控制策略,对系统在直流电压、有功功率及无功功率变化条件下的动态性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,该系统具有很好的动态响应能力和鲁棒性,可以稳定工作于2个电网之间,独立控制无功功率达到静态无功补偿的作用。

采用潮流控制器的贯通型牵引供电系统负序治理模型及控制策略

针对树形双边贯通牵引供电系统负序导致的电力系统侧公共连接点处三相电压不平衡问题,提出在树形双边贯通牵引供电系统中加装由降压变压器、潮流控制器(PFC)和控制器组成的补偿装置进行功率转移的负序补偿方案;在建立采用PFC的贯通型牵引供电系统拓扑结构和数学模型的基础上,设计合理的约束参数和控制策略,通过控制补偿装置改变电力系统侧功率分布,从而实现负序补偿;采用MATLAB/Simulink仿真试验平台,分析补偿装置所需容量随负序补偿程度的变化规律,并计算最小化负序补偿容量,对补偿方案进行验证。结果表明:基于功率转移的负序补偿方案能够灵活调节公共连接点处负序功率和无功功率含量;可将公共连接点处三相电压不平衡度的最大值降低至4%,95%统计值降低至2%,满足了国家标准,从而验证了基于功率转移负序补偿方案的有效性。

基于SVG动态损耗模型的变电站无功补偿设备协同经济运行策略

当前静止无功补偿器(static var generator,SVG)设备损耗参数仅标注额定功率下的稳态损耗,难以在不同运行状态下实现损耗的动态精细化管理。针对变电站无功补偿设备运行损耗过大的问题,在SVG动态运行损耗模型的基础上,提出一种考虑静止无功补偿装置(static var compensator,SVC)损耗特征的协同经济运行策略,以提升变电站无功补偿设备的运行经济性。首先,对SVG动态运行损耗模型和SVC模型进行分析。然后,提出多台SVG协同经济运行的最优投运台数判据和实时功率分摊准则。最后,提出无功功率完全补偿和考虑无功补偿价值的变电站无功补偿设备协同经济运行策略。通过搭建Simulink仿真系统,验证了所提协同经济运行策略的有效性。

紧凑型多功能单级磁阀式立体磁控变压器研究

电缆的规模化使用造成电力系统中容性无功功率平衡需求增加,此外高比例新能源接入也会带来无功功率波动问题。现有无功功率补偿及无功功率发生装置占地面积较大、成本较高。通过磁控电抗器与变压器一体化结合提出了一种紧凑型多功能单级磁阀式立体磁控变压器,同时具备传统电力变压器升降压基础功能与灵活调节无功功率的能力,尤其适用于空间有限的城市变电站。对所述磁控变压器进行了有限元仿真,验证了其运行有效性。结果表明该磁控变压器的无功功率调节容量可以达到94.5 kvar,最大变比偏移量为0.439%,谐波含量仅有3.8%,节约占地面积20%,总体性能优异,可以很好地满足城市配电网无功功率补偿的需求。

高压级联SVG电流PR控制策略

对SVG在出现无功阶跃扰动时的补偿控制进行深入研究。SVG在无功功率调节时,如果出现阶跃扰动,无功功率的调节会直接影响有功功率的调节,这是因为传统的旋转坐标系控制方法对于有功功率和无功功率的控制环路之间存在耦合关系。为此,文中引入了有功和无功的解耦控制。另外,无功的阶跃信号会引起直流母线电压的突变,故将直流分量引入装置侧输出电流的值,并将这个直流分量滤除,保证控制的稳定性。最后在仿真的基础上,以光伏电站为背景对所提方法进行现场验证,结果充分证明了该算法的有效性。

改进的二极管整流器在海上风电送出系统中的应用

降低海上风电送出系统成本是促进海上风电资源开发的关键。基于二极管整流送出的技术路线具有良好的经济性,但存在风电场无法黑启动以及系统无法为风电场提供并网交流电压的问题。为了探索基于上述技术路线的更多可行性方法,提出改进的二极管送出系统技术方案,在配置辅助交流线路的基础上,通过在海上端加装无功补偿器或陆上端的柔直逆变器直接参与系统协调配合,可实现风电场的黑启动和稳态功率流向控制。对所提技术方案进行理论分析、系统方案设计和控制策略设计,并在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真环境下搭建海上风电送出系统模型,仿真结果验证了所提2种方案能够满足海上风电的可靠送出。