Application of an oxygen-depolarized cathode will contribute to energy saving in chlor-alkali electrolysis. For this purpose, the development of high-performance cathode with the best electrocatalyst is essential. Usi...Application of an oxygen-depolarized cathode will contribute to energy saving in chlor-alkali electrolysis. For this purpose, the development of high-performance cathode with the best electrocatalyst is essential. Using bimetallic Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts including PtPd and PtAg carbon-supported in oxygen-depolarized cathode chlor-alkali cell has been shown to have the high cell performance. This study presents application of PtRu carbon supported electrocatalyst oxygen-depolarized cathode and performance comparison of cells with carbon-supported PtRu, PtPd and PtAg electrocatalysts cathodes using the same DSA-Cl2 anode. Results show that there are quite similarity between the effects of various factors on the caustic current efficiency (CCE) in a zero-gap oxygen-depolarized chlor-alkali cells employing carbon-supported PtPd, PtRu and PtAg electrocatalysts. Besides, it seems that the PtPd/C electrocatalyst cathode has relatively higher performance than the other cathodes with PtAg/C and PtRu/C electrocatalysts in zero-gap chlor-alkali cells.展开更多
Mercury contamination was found to be widespread in soils at a property in Upstate New York. Historical site use suggested that the mercury did not result from prior industrial use of the property. Soil contamination ...Mercury contamination was found to be widespread in soils at a property in Upstate New York. Historical site use suggested that the mercury did not result from prior industrial use of the property. Soil contamination may have resulted from atmospheric deposition of mercury released from properties in close proximity to the contaminated property. The purpose of this forensics investigation was to examine to what extent atmospheric deposition of elemental mercury may have influenced mercury levels found in surficial soils on the contaminated property and further to identify the source(s) of the mercury. Work efforts included an examination of historical records available for a chlor-alkali plant (CAP) upwind of the contaminated property to establish historical use and disposal practices for elemental mercury. Mercury emissions test data from the Upstate New York chlor-alkali facility were modeled (USEPA ISC3) as a means of estimating impacts on ambient air and soils vicinal to the facility. Mercury emissions from the facility were modeled as both a point source and volume source. For example, at a location 305 meters to the east and 30 meters to the north of the modeled source centerline elemental mercury concentrations in ambient air were estimated at 270 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (average results based upon 5 years of meteorological data). This value is contrasted to a background concentration of 1.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (USEPA Report to Congress 1997). As a result of the modeling data in combination with findings related to mercury use and disposal practices at the NY CAP documented from the records review, it was concluded that emissions from the CAP facility during the period of operation (1897-1991) most likely accounted for the concentrations of elemental mercury found in surficial soils at properties situated downwind of the CAP. These findings were further corroborated by information available in the open literature for CAPs world-wide.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of leucine-richα-2-glycoprotein-1(LRG1)on corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.METHODS:Corneal neovascularization and lymphatics were induced by establishin...AIM:To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of leucine-richα-2-glycoprotein-1(LRG1)on corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.METHODS:Corneal neovascularization and lymphatics were induced by establishing alkali burn mouse model.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the location of LRG1 in cornea tissues and to verify the source of LRG1-positive cells.Corneal whole-mount staining for CD31(a panendothelial cell marker)and lymphatic endothelial hyluronan receptor-1(LYVE-1;lymphatic marker)was performed to detect the growth of blood and lymphatic vessels after local application of exogenous LRG1 protein or LRG1 si RNA.In addition,expressions of the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)related proteins were detected using Western blot analysis.RESULTS:LRG1 was dramatically increased in alkali burned corneal stroma in both the limbal and central areas.LRG1-positive cells in the corneal stroma were mainly derived from Vimentin-positive cells.Local application ofexogenous LRG1 protein not only aggravated angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis significantly(P<0.01).LRG1 group upregulated the levels of VEGF and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)family when compared with the phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)control group.We also found that LRG1-specific si RNA could suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis when compared with the scramble si RNA-treated group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:LRG1 can facilitate corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through heightening the stromal expression of VEGF-A,B,C,D and VEGFR-1,2,3;LRG1-specific si RNA can suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in corneal alkali burn mice.展开更多
The effect of the supermoleclar structure of polyester on the effective alkali hy-drolysisis rate constant k has been investigated in the paper.That the average non-crvstal line volume around per crystal grain has a c...The effect of the supermoleclar structure of polyester on the effective alkali hy-drolysisis rate constant k has been investigated in the paper.That the average non-crvstal line volume around per crystal grain has a close relation to the k is proved byexperiments.A simple and effctive method for assessing what effect of the super-molecular structure on the k by its CDT value( Critical Dissolution Time) has beenput forward.展开更多
文摘Application of an oxygen-depolarized cathode will contribute to energy saving in chlor-alkali electrolysis. For this purpose, the development of high-performance cathode with the best electrocatalyst is essential. Using bimetallic Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts including PtPd and PtAg carbon-supported in oxygen-depolarized cathode chlor-alkali cell has been shown to have the high cell performance. This study presents application of PtRu carbon supported electrocatalyst oxygen-depolarized cathode and performance comparison of cells with carbon-supported PtRu, PtPd and PtAg electrocatalysts cathodes using the same DSA-Cl2 anode. Results show that there are quite similarity between the effects of various factors on the caustic current efficiency (CCE) in a zero-gap oxygen-depolarized chlor-alkali cells employing carbon-supported PtPd, PtRu and PtAg electrocatalysts. Besides, it seems that the PtPd/C electrocatalyst cathode has relatively higher performance than the other cathodes with PtAg/C and PtRu/C electrocatalysts in zero-gap chlor-alkali cells.
文摘Mercury contamination was found to be widespread in soils at a property in Upstate New York. Historical site use suggested that the mercury did not result from prior industrial use of the property. Soil contamination may have resulted from atmospheric deposition of mercury released from properties in close proximity to the contaminated property. The purpose of this forensics investigation was to examine to what extent atmospheric deposition of elemental mercury may have influenced mercury levels found in surficial soils on the contaminated property and further to identify the source(s) of the mercury. Work efforts included an examination of historical records available for a chlor-alkali plant (CAP) upwind of the contaminated property to establish historical use and disposal practices for elemental mercury. Mercury emissions test data from the Upstate New York chlor-alkali facility were modeled (USEPA ISC3) as a means of estimating impacts on ambient air and soils vicinal to the facility. Mercury emissions from the facility were modeled as both a point source and volume source. For example, at a location 305 meters to the east and 30 meters to the north of the modeled source centerline elemental mercury concentrations in ambient air were estimated at 270 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (average results based upon 5 years of meteorological data). This value is contrasted to a background concentration of 1.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup> (USEPA Report to Congress 1997). As a result of the modeling data in combination with findings related to mercury use and disposal practices at the NY CAP documented from the records review, it was concluded that emissions from the CAP facility during the period of operation (1897-1991) most likely accounted for the concentrations of elemental mercury found in surficial soils at properties situated downwind of the CAP. These findings were further corroborated by information available in the open literature for CAPs world-wide.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81670828)the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2017GSF18141).
文摘AIM:To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of leucine-richα-2-glycoprotein-1(LRG1)on corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.METHODS:Corneal neovascularization and lymphatics were induced by establishing alkali burn mouse model.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the location of LRG1 in cornea tissues and to verify the source of LRG1-positive cells.Corneal whole-mount staining for CD31(a panendothelial cell marker)and lymphatic endothelial hyluronan receptor-1(LYVE-1;lymphatic marker)was performed to detect the growth of blood and lymphatic vessels after local application of exogenous LRG1 protein or LRG1 si RNA.In addition,expressions of the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)related proteins were detected using Western blot analysis.RESULTS:LRG1 was dramatically increased in alkali burned corneal stroma in both the limbal and central areas.LRG1-positive cells in the corneal stroma were mainly derived from Vimentin-positive cells.Local application ofexogenous LRG1 protein not only aggravated angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis significantly(P<0.01).LRG1 group upregulated the levels of VEGF and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)family when compared with the phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)control group.We also found that LRG1-specific si RNA could suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis when compared with the scramble si RNA-treated group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:LRG1 can facilitate corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through heightening the stromal expression of VEGF-A,B,C,D and VEGFR-1,2,3;LRG1-specific si RNA can suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in corneal alkali burn mice.
文摘The effect of the supermoleclar structure of polyester on the effective alkali hy-drolysisis rate constant k has been investigated in the paper.That the average non-crvstal line volume around per crystal grain has a close relation to the k is proved byexperiments.A simple and effctive method for assessing what effect of the super-molecular structure on the k by its CDT value( Critical Dissolution Time) has beenput forward.
