Diffusion of Chloride Ions in Soils:I.Influences of Soil Moisture, Bulk Density and Temperature

Diffusion coefficients of chloride ions in four soils of different texture with varying effective moisture content and varying bulk density from 1.1 to 1.6 g cm3 under three different temperatures were determined by the diffusion-cell method using 36Cl-labelled CaCl2 solution. The results showed that activation energy decreased with water content, which indicated that the threshold for diffusion was lower at a higher soil moisture rate. Therefore, the diffusion coefficient (D) of chloride ions in soil increased consistently with soil moisture. Although a near linear increase in the diffusion coefficient with increasing soil moisture or bulk density in all the soils was observed, the increase rate in different soils was not the same. The D value increased with temperature, and with temperature increased by 10℃ in the range from 5 "C to 45℃ theD valve increased by 10%～30%, averaging about 20%.

水分和容重对土壤Cl^—扩散的影响

用￣（３６）Ｃｌ标记扩散池法测定了不同含水量及不同容重下４种质地土壤Ｃｌ￣－的扩散系数。结果表明，Ｃｌ￣－扩散系数随土壤水分增加和容重增大而近乎线性增大，在有效水范围内，４种土壤增大的幅度为：黄绵土＞黑垆土＞土＞黄褐土；在容重１．１～１．６ｇ／ｃｍ￣３范围内，以１．３～１．４ｇ／ｃｍ￣３为界，质地较轻的黄绵土和黑垆土，在此之前Ｃｌ￣－扩散系数随容重增加较慢，在此之后增加较快；而质地粘重的土和黄褐土则相反。对Ｃｌ扩散而言，水分与容重、容重与温度之间没有交互作用。