The potential threats of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and chlorinated/brominated PAHs(Cl/Br-PAHs)to human health from particulate matter in the urban ambient air were studied using human health risk assessmen...The potential threats of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and chlorinated/brominated PAHs(Cl/Br-PAHs)to human health from particulate matter in the urban ambient air were studied using human health risk assessments.The risk to human health caused by exposure to PAHs was evaluated in Shijiazhuang,China,from January to December 2018.The PAHs concentration range was 16.02e475.21 ng/m3 and the toxic equivalent was 13.605 ng/m3.For adults,the average carcinogenic risk caused by respiratory exposure was 5.163×10^-6 and the resulting loss of life expectancy was 32.10 min.The human health risks of respiratory exposure to Cl/Br-PAHs in atmospheric samples from the Haidian District,Beijing,China,were evaluated from November 2017 to July 2018.The concentration ranges for the Cl-and Br-PAHs were 60.38e482.17 pg/m3 and 1.32e25.35 pg/m3,respectively.The average carcinogenic equivalent concentrations were 0.3274 pg/m3 and 0.0061 pg/m3 for the Cl-and Br-PAHs,respectively.For adults the average carcinogenic risks caused by respiratory exposure were 1.243×10^-10 and 2.316×10^-12 for the Cl-and Br-PAHs,respectively.The resulting loss of life expectancy values were 0.001 min(Cl-PAHs)and 0.00 min(Br-PAHs).The pollution concentrations and toxic equivalents of the Cl/Br-PAHs in Beijing and of the PAHs in Shijiazhuang both showed toxicity was high in the winter.The average carcinogenic risk for exposure of adults to PAHs in Shijiazhuang was low with certain potential hazards.The concentration of Cl-PAHs in Beijing was higher than that of Br-PAHs,and the average carcinogenic risk for exposure of adults to Cl/Br-PAHs was very low with slight harm.展开更多
Here, we examined the incineration of extruded polystyrene containing hexabromocyclododecane（HBCD） in a pilot-scale incinerator under various combustion temperatures（800–950℃） and flue gas residence times（2–8 ...Here, we examined the incineration of extruded polystyrene containing hexabromocyclododecane（HBCD） in a pilot-scale incinerator under various combustion temperatures（800–950℃） and flue gas residence times（2–8 sec）. Rates of HBCD decomposition ranged from 99.996%（800℃, 2 sec） to 99.9999%（950℃, 8 sec）; the decomposition of HBCD, except during the initial stage of combustion（flue gas residence time 〈 2 sec）, followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. An Arrhenius plot revealed that the activation energy and frequency factor of the decomposition of HBCD by combustion were 14.2 kJ/mol and 1.69 sec^（-1）,respectively. During combustion, 11 brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（BrPAHs）were detected as unintentional by-products. Of the 11 BrPAHs detected, 2-bromoanthracene and 1-bromopyrene were detected at the highest concentrations. The mutagenic and carcinogenic BrPAHs 1,5-dibromoanthracene and 1-bromopyrene were most frequently detected in the flue gases analyzed. The total concentration of BrPAHs exponentially increased（range,87.8–2,040,000 ng/m^3） with increasing flue gas residence time. Results from a qualitative analysis using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry suggest that bromofluorene and bromopyrene（or fluoranthene） congeners were also produced during the combustion.展开更多
基金the Collaborative Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hebei Academy of Sciences supported by Hebei Academy of Sciences,China.(Grant No.191401).
文摘The potential threats of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and chlorinated/brominated PAHs(Cl/Br-PAHs)to human health from particulate matter in the urban ambient air were studied using human health risk assessments.The risk to human health caused by exposure to PAHs was evaluated in Shijiazhuang,China,from January to December 2018.The PAHs concentration range was 16.02e475.21 ng/m3 and the toxic equivalent was 13.605 ng/m3.For adults,the average carcinogenic risk caused by respiratory exposure was 5.163×10^-6 and the resulting loss of life expectancy was 32.10 min.The human health risks of respiratory exposure to Cl/Br-PAHs in atmospheric samples from the Haidian District,Beijing,China,were evaluated from November 2017 to July 2018.The concentration ranges for the Cl-and Br-PAHs were 60.38e482.17 pg/m3 and 1.32e25.35 pg/m3,respectively.The average carcinogenic equivalent concentrations were 0.3274 pg/m3 and 0.0061 pg/m3 for the Cl-and Br-PAHs,respectively.For adults the average carcinogenic risks caused by respiratory exposure were 1.243×10^-10 and 2.316×10^-12 for the Cl-and Br-PAHs,respectively.The resulting loss of life expectancy values were 0.001 min(Cl-PAHs)and 0.00 min(Br-PAHs).The pollution concentrations and toxic equivalents of the Cl/Br-PAHs in Beijing and of the PAHs in Shijiazhuang both showed toxicity was high in the winter.The average carcinogenic risk for exposure of adults to PAHs in Shijiazhuang was low with certain potential hazards.The concentration of Cl-PAHs in Beijing was higher than that of Br-PAHs,and the average carcinogenic risk for exposure of adults to Cl/Br-PAHs was very low with slight harm.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. JP16H05891)the Steel Foundation for Environmental Protection Technology+1 种基金the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (No. 3K153003) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japana Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan
文摘Here, we examined the incineration of extruded polystyrene containing hexabromocyclododecane（HBCD） in a pilot-scale incinerator under various combustion temperatures（800–950℃） and flue gas residence times（2–8 sec）. Rates of HBCD decomposition ranged from 99.996%（800℃, 2 sec） to 99.9999%（950℃, 8 sec）; the decomposition of HBCD, except during the initial stage of combustion（flue gas residence time 〈 2 sec）, followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. An Arrhenius plot revealed that the activation energy and frequency factor of the decomposition of HBCD by combustion were 14.2 kJ/mol and 1.69 sec^（-1）,respectively. During combustion, 11 brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（BrPAHs）were detected as unintentional by-products. Of the 11 BrPAHs detected, 2-bromoanthracene and 1-bromopyrene were detected at the highest concentrations. The mutagenic and carcinogenic BrPAHs 1,5-dibromoanthracene and 1-bromopyrene were most frequently detected in the flue gases analyzed. The total concentration of BrPAHs exponentially increased（range,87.8–2,040,000 ng/m^3） with increasing flue gas residence time. Results from a qualitative analysis using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry suggest that bromofluorene and bromopyrene（or fluoranthene） congeners were also produced during the combustion.
