The bioavailability of bound residue(BR) derived from 14 C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and effect of the main components of the BR on growth of rape(brassica napus) and rice(Oryza sativa L.) were investigat...The bioavailability of bound residue(BR) derived from 14 C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and effect of the main components of the BR on growth of rape(brassica napus) and rice(Oryza sativa L.) were investigated. The results showed that the BR with the concentration of 0 28 and 0 56 nmol/g air-dried soil, which was calculated by special radioactivity of 14 C-labeled chlorsulfuron parent compound, resulted in significant depression effect on growth of rape seedling. It was assured that the main components(2-amino-4-methoxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 2-chloro-benzenesul-f onamide) of the BR did not inhibit the growth of rape and rice. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that the parent compound previously bound to the soil matrix could be again released and transformed into methanol-extractable residue during the course of rape growth. It was concluded that the molecular leading to the phytotoxicity to rape and rice in the BR is still the parent compound.展开更多
A new method for extracting the bound residue(BR) derived from 14 C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soils was developed, and the technique of combining LC-MS with isotope tracing method was subsequently applied to i...A new method for extracting the bound residue(BR) derived from 14 C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soils was developed, and the technique of combining LC-MS with isotope tracing method was subsequently applied to identify the composition of the 14 C-BR in a loamy Fluvent derived from marine deposit. The results showed that the 14 C-[2-amino-4-methoxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5]-triazine, 14 C-[2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5]-triazine and 14 C-chlorsulfuron parent compound constituted the main composition of the 14 C-BR derived from 14 C-labeled chlorsulfuron in the soil. The radioactive ratio of three compounds accounted for 39.8%, 35.4% and 17.9% of total recovered radioactivity, respectively. However, a small amount(3.6% of total recovered radioactivity) of the complex of 14 C-[2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5]-triazine might have existed in the 14 C-BR in association with an unknown soil substrate. 2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide was also detected to be one of the components of the BR. The results could well explain the mechanism of phytotoxicity caused by the BR derived from chlorsulfuron in soil. In addition, the mechanism of BR formation in soil was also discussed in details.展开更多
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of chlorsulfuron herbicide on the size of the microbial in loamy sand soil. The herbicide was applied, at four levels that were control, field rate ...A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of chlorsulfuron herbicide on the size of the microbial in loamy sand soil. The herbicide was applied, at four levels that were control, field rate 0\^01 (FR), 0\^1 (10FR) and 1 (100FR) μg/g. Determinations of microbial biomass C content and microbial biomass N content were carried out 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 25 and 45 days after herbicide application. In comparison to untreated soil, the microbial biomass carbon and biomass nitrogen decreased significantly in soil treated with herbicide in levels 10FR and 100FR within the first 10 days incubation. A more considerable increase in the microbial biomass C∶N ratio was observed in the herbicide treated soil than the non treated control. This effect was transitory and only at the higher rates of chlorsulfuron was significant.展开更多
The reason why chlorsulfuron(2-chloro-N-[4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide)bound residues can still make an in-jury to rotational crops is still kept unknown. The experiment was c...The reason why chlorsulfuron(2-chloro-N-[4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide)bound residues can still make an in-jury to rotational crops is still kept unknown. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the dynamics of extractable and non-extractable (bound) residues of chlorsulfuron in soil, and the distribution of chlorsulfuron bound residues in organic matter fractions. The results showed that extractable 14C-residues decreased t0 25.12% of applied chlorsulfuron over an incubation period of 150 days;this in turn, the formation of bound residues increased to 47.07% of the applied. The proportions of 14C-bound residues in soil organic matter fractions increase in order of: humic acid (HA)<humin<fulvic acid(FA), most of bound residues ekisted in FA fraction, however, the amount of bound residues in humin fraction increase with incubation time. The fact that most of bound residues existed in water-soluble FA fraction is tentatively regarded as one of major reasons why 14C-chlorsulfuron bound residues can still make an injury to rotational crops.展开更多
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of chlorsulfuron herbicide on nitrogen mineralization and the ratio of microbial biomass nitrogen to nitrogen mineralization (N mic /N mi...A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of chlorsulfuron herbicide on nitrogen mineralization and the ratio of microbial biomass nitrogen to nitrogen mineralization (N mic /N min ratio) in loamy sand soil.The herbicide was applied at four levels that were control, field rate 0\^01 (FR), 10 times of field rate 0\^1(10FR),and 100 times of field rate 1\^0 (100FR) μg/g soil. Determinations of N\|mineralization and microbial biomass\|N content were carried out 1,3,5,7,10,15,25 and 45 days after herbicide application. In comparison to untreated soil, the N\|mineralization decreased significantly in soil treated with herbicide at levels 10FR and 100FR within the first 5 days incubation. A more considerable reduction in the N mic /N min ratio was observed in the herbicide treated soil than the non\|treated control.Among the different treatment of chlorsulfuron, 100FR displayed the greatest biocidal effect followed by 10FR and FR,showing their relative toxicity in the order of 100FR>100FR>FR.The results indicated that the side effect of this herbicide on N\|mineralization is probably of little ecological significance.展开更多
The joint action between chlorsulfuron and haloxyfop R was evaluated by bioassay with wheat and corn,respectivly.The dose response curve derived from wheat bioassay showed that the inhibition of haloxyfop R to whea...The joint action between chlorsulfuron and haloxyfop R was evaluated by bioassay with wheat and corn,respectivly.The dose response curve derived from wheat bioassay showed that the inhibition of haloxyfop R to wheat root growth wasn't affected by the increasing rate of chlorsulfuron.It indicated that chlorsulfuron had no antagonism to haloxyfop R.Meanwhile,the variation analysis of corn bioassay indicated that these two herbicides had joint action on inhibition to corn primary root growth.The joint action was evaluated as additive action by using Isobole Method.So chlorsulfuron and haloxyfop R could be used as tank mixture.展开更多
When individual microorganisms were used to release bound pesticide residues, it was ussually not take into full account whether the autoclavingmethod could lead to the release of bound residues. The soil containing b...When individual microorganisms were used to release bound pesticide residues, it was ussually not take into full account whether the autoclavingmethod could lead to the release of bound residues. The soil containing bound 14Cchlorsulfuron residues was treated with an autoclave in this study. The results revealthat the bound 14C-chlorsulfuron residue can be released from the soil when treatedwith the autoclave and the release rate can be remarkably enhanced by adding water into the soil when subjected to such treatment. A TLC analysis showed that thereleased 14C-residue was one of the degraded products of 14C-chlorsulfuron. Afterderivatization and analysis using the GC-MS, the released 14C-residue was tentativelyidentified aS 2-amino-4-hydroXyl-6-methyl-1,3,展开更多
Chlorsulfuron (ChS) which is a nonbiodegradable herbicide was effectively removed using an electrochemical method at the Ti/IrO2-Pt anode. The influences of current density, initial ChS concentration, initial solution...Chlorsulfuron (ChS) which is a nonbiodegradable herbicide was effectively removed using an electrochemical method at the Ti/IrO2-Pt anode. The influences of current density, initial ChS concentration, initial solution pH and different NaCl dosages on electrochemical degradation of ChS were investigated. HOCl formed during electrolysis and quickly generated .OH radicals would likely play an important role in the electrochemical degradation of ChS with the presence of NaCl. At current density of 20 mA?cm–2, ChS concentration decreased from 1 mg.L–1 to 0 mg.L–1 after 10 min electrolysis with 0.2 g?L–1 NaCl dosage. It was found that the ChS removal rate increased with increasing current density and the ChS degradation was similar at different initial pH values, which means that Ti/IrO2-Pt anode can be used in a wide pH range. The electrochemical performance of Ti/IrO2-Pt anode for degradation of ChS will not decrease after serviced for a long time. These results reveal that an electrochemical approach would be a novel treatment method for effective and rapid degradation of ChS herbicide from aqueous solution.展开更多
In this paper, residual kinetic and accumulated residues of chlorsulfuron in soil was studied by Gas chromatograhy. The result identify, chlorsulfuron was applied to winter wheat at rates of 15 g aiha -1 ; 30 g ai...In this paper, residual kinetic and accumulated residues of chlorsulfuron in soil was studied by Gas chromatograhy. The result identify, chlorsulfuron was applied to winter wheat at rates of 15 g aiha -1 ; 30 g ai·ha -1 , degradation on of Half-life in soil were 43.2 days; 36.9 days, respectively, and one year later, the residues in soil were 0.34 ng·g -1 ; 0.43 ng·g -1 , respectively. Chlorsulfuron was applied continuously several years, the residues in soil was accumulated.展开更多
本文对14 C 绿磺隆在 7种不同类型土壤中形成结合残留 ( 14 C ER)、可提态残留( 14 C ER)以及矿化为14 C CO2 的规律、影响14 C BR的主要因子及其在腐殖质中的分布规律等进行了研究。结果表明 :( 1 ) 14 C 绿磺隆在土壤中形成的14 C ER...本文对14 C 绿磺隆在 7种不同类型土壤中形成结合残留 ( 14 C ER)、可提态残留( 14 C ER)以及矿化为14 C CO2 的规律、影响14 C BR的主要因子及其在腐殖质中的分布规律等进行了研究。结果表明 :( 1 ) 14 C 绿磺隆在土壤中形成的14 C ER含量与土壤pH呈显著正相关 ,与土壤粘粒和有机质含量呈显著负相关 ,14 C ER中的绿磺隆母体化合物的消减满足一级反应动力学方程 ,其在 7种土壤中的半减期分别为 1 3 0~ 1 3 3 3d。pH是影响绿磺隆母体化合物降解的主要因子 ;( 2 ) 14 C 绿磺隆在 7种土壤中的14 C BR含量与土壤pH呈显著负相关 ,并与土壤粘粒含量呈显著正相关 ,土壤pH是14 C 绿磺隆在土壤中形成BR的主要影响因子 ;( 3 ) 14 C 绿磺隆形成的14 C BR主要分布在富啡酸和胡敏素中 ;14 C BR分布在胡敏酸中的相对百分比约为 2 % ,在14 C 绿磺隆BR的形成过程中 ,富啡酸的作用 >胡敏素 胡敏酸 ;( 4) 14 C 绿磺隆在 7种土壤中的14 C BR含量 ,在培养 2 0d内均随时间而快速增加 ,2 0d后变化量较小。 7种土壤中的14 C BR含量最大值分别占引入量的 53 5%、40 9%、3 7 8%、1 6 4%、42 5%、41 0 %和 3 1 3 % ;( 5)培养 90d内 ,14 C 绿磺隆通过三嗪杂环开环矿化为14 CO2 的量约占引入量的 4%~9% ,而土壤 1表明14展开更多
文摘The bioavailability of bound residue(BR) derived from 14 C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and effect of the main components of the BR on growth of rape(brassica napus) and rice(Oryza sativa L.) were investigated. The results showed that the BR with the concentration of 0 28 and 0 56 nmol/g air-dried soil, which was calculated by special radioactivity of 14 C-labeled chlorsulfuron parent compound, resulted in significant depression effect on growth of rape seedling. It was assured that the main components(2-amino-4-methoxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 2-chloro-benzenesul-f onamide) of the BR did not inhibit the growth of rape and rice. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that the parent compound previously bound to the soil matrix could be again released and transformed into methanol-extractable residue during the course of rape growth. It was concluded that the molecular leading to the phytotoxicity to rape and rice in the BR is still the parent compound.
文摘A new method for extracting the bound residue(BR) derived from 14 C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soils was developed, and the technique of combining LC-MS with isotope tracing method was subsequently applied to identify the composition of the 14 C-BR in a loamy Fluvent derived from marine deposit. The results showed that the 14 C-[2-amino-4-methoxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5]-triazine, 14 C-[2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5]-triazine and 14 C-chlorsulfuron parent compound constituted the main composition of the 14 C-BR derived from 14 C-labeled chlorsulfuron in the soil. The radioactive ratio of three compounds accounted for 39.8%, 35.4% and 17.9% of total recovered radioactivity, respectively. However, a small amount(3.6% of total recovered radioactivity) of the complex of 14 C-[2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5]-triazine might have existed in the 14 C-BR in association with an unknown soil substrate. 2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide was also detected to be one of the components of the BR. The results could well explain the mechanism of phytotoxicity caused by the BR derived from chlorsulfuron in soil. In addition, the mechanism of BR formation in soil was also discussed in details.
文摘A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of chlorsulfuron herbicide on the size of the microbial in loamy sand soil. The herbicide was applied, at four levels that were control, field rate 0\^01 (FR), 0\^1 (10FR) and 1 (100FR) μg/g. Determinations of microbial biomass C content and microbial biomass N content were carried out 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 25 and 45 days after herbicide application. In comparison to untreated soil, the microbial biomass carbon and biomass nitrogen decreased significantly in soil treated with herbicide in levels 10FR and 100FR within the first 10 days incubation. A more considerable increase in the microbial biomass C∶N ratio was observed in the herbicide treated soil than the non treated control. This effect was transitory and only at the higher rates of chlorsulfuron was significant.
文摘The reason why chlorsulfuron(2-chloro-N-[4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide)bound residues can still make an in-jury to rotational crops is still kept unknown. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the dynamics of extractable and non-extractable (bound) residues of chlorsulfuron in soil, and the distribution of chlorsulfuron bound residues in organic matter fractions. The results showed that extractable 14C-residues decreased t0 25.12% of applied chlorsulfuron over an incubation period of 150 days;this in turn, the formation of bound residues increased to 47.07% of the applied. The proportions of 14C-bound residues in soil organic matter fractions increase in order of: humic acid (HA)<humin<fulvic acid(FA), most of bound residues ekisted in FA fraction, however, the amount of bound residues in humin fraction increase with incubation time. The fact that most of bound residues existed in water-soluble FA fraction is tentatively regarded as one of major reasons why 14C-chlorsulfuron bound residues can still make an injury to rotational crops.
文摘A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of chlorsulfuron herbicide on nitrogen mineralization and the ratio of microbial biomass nitrogen to nitrogen mineralization (N mic /N min ratio) in loamy sand soil.The herbicide was applied at four levels that were control, field rate 0\^01 (FR), 10 times of field rate 0\^1(10FR),and 100 times of field rate 1\^0 (100FR) μg/g soil. Determinations of N\|mineralization and microbial biomass\|N content were carried out 1,3,5,7,10,15,25 and 45 days after herbicide application. In comparison to untreated soil, the N\|mineralization decreased significantly in soil treated with herbicide at levels 10FR and 100FR within the first 5 days incubation. A more considerable reduction in the N mic /N min ratio was observed in the herbicide treated soil than the non\|treated control.Among the different treatment of chlorsulfuron, 100FR displayed the greatest biocidal effect followed by 10FR and FR,showing their relative toxicity in the order of 100FR>100FR>FR.The results indicated that the side effect of this herbicide on N\|mineralization is probably of little ecological significance.
文摘The joint action between chlorsulfuron and haloxyfop R was evaluated by bioassay with wheat and corn,respectivly.The dose response curve derived from wheat bioassay showed that the inhibition of haloxyfop R to wheat root growth wasn't affected by the increasing rate of chlorsulfuron.It indicated that chlorsulfuron had no antagonism to haloxyfop R.Meanwhile,the variation analysis of corn bioassay indicated that these two herbicides had joint action on inhibition to corn primary root growth.The joint action was evaluated as additive action by using Isobole Method.So chlorsulfuron and haloxyfop R could be used as tank mixture.
文摘When individual microorganisms were used to release bound pesticide residues, it was ussually not take into full account whether the autoclavingmethod could lead to the release of bound residues. The soil containing bound 14Cchlorsulfuron residues was treated with an autoclave in this study. The results revealthat the bound 14C-chlorsulfuron residue can be released from the soil when treatedwith the autoclave and the release rate can be remarkably enhanced by adding water into the soil when subjected to such treatment. A TLC analysis showed that thereleased 14C-residue was one of the degraded products of 14C-chlorsulfuron. Afterderivatization and analysis using the GC-MS, the released 14C-residue was tentativelyidentified aS 2-amino-4-hydroXyl-6-methyl-1,3,
文摘Chlorsulfuron (ChS) which is a nonbiodegradable herbicide was effectively removed using an electrochemical method at the Ti/IrO2-Pt anode. The influences of current density, initial ChS concentration, initial solution pH and different NaCl dosages on electrochemical degradation of ChS were investigated. HOCl formed during electrolysis and quickly generated .OH radicals would likely play an important role in the electrochemical degradation of ChS with the presence of NaCl. At current density of 20 mA?cm–2, ChS concentration decreased from 1 mg.L–1 to 0 mg.L–1 after 10 min electrolysis with 0.2 g?L–1 NaCl dosage. It was found that the ChS removal rate increased with increasing current density and the ChS degradation was similar at different initial pH values, which means that Ti/IrO2-Pt anode can be used in a wide pH range. The electrochemical performance of Ti/IrO2-Pt anode for degradation of ChS will not decrease after serviced for a long time. These results reveal that an electrochemical approach would be a novel treatment method for effective and rapid degradation of ChS herbicide from aqueous solution.
文摘In this paper, residual kinetic and accumulated residues of chlorsulfuron in soil was studied by Gas chromatograhy. The result identify, chlorsulfuron was applied to winter wheat at rates of 15 g aiha -1 ; 30 g ai·ha -1 , degradation on of Half-life in soil were 43.2 days; 36.9 days, respectively, and one year later, the residues in soil were 0.34 ng·g -1 ; 0.43 ng·g -1 , respectively. Chlorsulfuron was applied continuously several years, the residues in soil was accumulated.