Practice of Infection Prevention and Control Strategies in Risk Departments during the COVID-19 Epidemic

Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to provide advice and guidance in risk departments. Methods: According to the latest plan of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission, expert advice and consensus, combined with the actual situation in our hospital, a series of infection prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in risk department was formulated. Results: During the epidemic period, the prevention and control measures of nine risk departments including emergency operation, anesthesiology, endoscopy center, blood purification center, otolaryngology, stomatology, medical imaging department, medical cosmetology department and pulmonary function room were established from six aspects, including pre-examination and screening, medical technology control, personnel management, personal protection, environmental disinfection, medical waste disposal, etc. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, the infection prevention and control strategy of risk departments is one of the key links to control the spread of the epidemic, and risk departments must pay attention to and strictly implement various infection prevention and control measures.

Prevention and Control Strategies of Nosocomial Infection and Effectiveness Evaluation in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital during the Epidemic of COVID-19

Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Analysis of International Cooperation Management Strategies of Enterprises under the Background of the“Belt and Road”

With the deepening of the“Belt and Road”initiative,Chinese enterprises are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges for international cooperation.This paper mainly analyzes the current situation,existing problems,and coping strategies of enterprise international cooperation management in the context of the“Belt and Road”.This article expounds on the importance of the“Belt and Road”initiative for international cooperation of enterprises and analyzes the key links of international cooperation management of enterprises from the aspects of internationalization strategy,cross-cultural management,risk prevention and control,and resource integration.Finally,combined with the case,this paper puts forward the management strategies and suggestions that enterprises should adopt in international cooperation,to provide a useful reference for Chinese enterprises in international cooperation in the construction of the“Belt and Road.”

Risk prevention and control strategies for the severely affected areas of snow disaster in the Three Rivers Source Region(TRSR), China

Historically,frequent and heavy snow disaster(SD)has caused serious livestock death and casualties,resulting in a devastating impact on animal husbandry development in the Three Rivers Source Region(TRSR).From winter in 2018 to spring in 2019,the largest SD occurred in this area over the past 10 years,especially in core zones of the Lancang River Source Region.Field research results show that the main causes of the major SD include weak infrastructure(i.e.,roads,communications,warm sheds,and insufficient forage reserve),low rate of domestic animals for sale before the SD,and low loss settlement rate.SD occurrence could furtherly reduce the ability of disaster prevention,mitigation and relief of disaster loss.In the future,heavily affected SD areas should improve the forecasting ability of snowfall incidents,strengthen infrastructure construction,implement grass and livestock balance strategies,optimize livestock structure,improve loss settlement rate,and develop a modern compound model of animal husbandry development model that combines breeding,slaughtering and deep processing of animal product.

Occurrence and Damage Characteristics of Sugarcane Catastrophic Diseases and Pests in Menglian Sugarcane Area and Their Prevention and Control Strategies

In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,more attention on new plants and less on ratoon cane and the unscientific and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides,the types of sugarcane diseases and pests in the Menglian sugarcane area are increasing day by day,and the damage is increasing year by year,resulting in a substantial reduction in production and sugar,and a serious disaster threat to sugarcane production.Based on the field survey and the current sugarcane production practice in Menglian,this paper systematically reviewed the occurrence and damage dynamics and outbreak reasons of catastrophic diseases and pests that seriously influence sugarcane production,and proposed corresponding prevention and control strategies and integrated prevention and control technology according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of catastrophic diseases and pests.

Combustion mechanism and control approaches of underground coal fires:a review

With the large-scale mining of coal resources,the huge economic losses and environmental problems caused by underground coal fires have become increasingly prominent,and the research on the status quo and response strategies of underground coal fires is of great significance to accelerate the green prevention and control of coal fires,energy conservation and emission reduction.In this paper,we summarized and sorted out the research status of underground coal fires,focused on the theoretical and technical issues such as underground coal fire combustion mechanism,multiphysics coupling effect of coal fire combustion,fire prevention and extinguishing technology for underground coal fires,and beneficial utilization technology,and described the latest research progress of the prevention and control for underground coal fire hazards.Finally,the key research problems in the field of underground coal fire hazards prevention and control were proposed in the direction of the basic theory,technology research,comprehensive management and utilization,with a view to providing ideas and solutions for the management of underground coal fires.

Prevention and Control of Rural Environmental Pollution Based on Rural Revitalization Strategy

In 2018,the rural revitalization strategy proposed by the No. 1 Document of the central government. Based on the current situation of rural environmental pollution in China,this paper explored the relationship between rural revitalization strategy and prevention and control of rural environmental pollution. On this basis,it analyzed the causes of serious rural environmental pollution in China,Finally,it came up with recommendations including establishing a sound rural environmental governance system,making diversified capital investment for nurturing " green farmers".

Infection Prevention Strategy in General Hospital under Regular Epidemic Prevention and Control

New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.

Study on regional stratagem for coal mine disasters control and prevention in China

The regional strategy study was aimed at coal mine disaster control and prevention,which deepens and enriches the macro-strategy of coal mine disaster control andprevention,and provides an important support for the rapid and healthy development ofthe regional coal industry.The country was divided into 4 regions:Northeast,North,Southand Xinqing.In view of the regional status of coal mine disasters,the regulation and developmenttrend of regional coal mine disasters were analyzed,the outstanding problemsand key factors were identified,and the general thoughts on regional coal mine disastercontrol and prevention were put forward.

Control of HIV/AIDS can be achieved with multi-strategies

Over past three decades,many prevention strategies have been proven effective in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission.However,none of these strategies alone are effective to stop the spread of HIV.This review discusses a few key prevention strategies,including testing,harm reduction,prevention,prophylaxis,and modern communication strategies.We argue that although there are great challenges remaining to stop HIV transmission via sexual contact and injecting drug use routes,the combination of these effective strategies,control HIV epidemic can be achieved.

Prevention and Treatment Strategy of Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome(HP-PRRS)

At the present stage, the social economy in China has developed by leaps and bounds. China's pig industry has been well developed un-der the background of this era. However, the number of pig diseases increases due to the influence of many factors, and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(HP-PRRS) is one of the very common diseases, causing growing mortality rate of pigs. The disease increases the economic loss of pig industry to a large extent, and brings difficulties in prevention and control of pig diseases. The staff must analyze and sum-marize the basic characteristics of pig diseases, and combine some practical problems in prevention and control of pig disease to find effective mea-sures. The scope and scale of pig production in different parts of China have been continuously expanded under the background of further develop-ment of pig industry in the new era. But for pig production, pig disease has been a problem that delays its further development. Related personnel must analyze and summarize the status quo of HP-PRRS, to find effective prevention measures and strategy.

Survey of coverage,strategy and cost of hepatitis B vaccination in rural and urban areas of China

AIM In order to understand the coverage, immunization strategy and cost of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination of China in recent years. METHODS A two stage household random sampling method was used in the survey. RESULTS The survey carried out at 112 Disease Surveillance Points (DSPs) of 25 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China in 1996, showed that the coverage rates of HB vaccination among neonates were 96 9% in the urban DSPs and 50 8% in the rural DSPs in 1993-1994, while in students aged 7-9 years, they were 85 8% and 31 5% in 1994, respectively. Up to 1994, 97 5% of the urban DSPs and 73 9% of the rural DSPs on a neonate vaccination against HB program were included in EPI. About 93% of the urban DSPs and 44% of the rural DSPs did HBsAg and HBeAg screening for all or part of pregnant women. The neonates received the regimen of high dose HB vaccine in combination with hepatitis B immune globin (HBIG) if their mothers were HBsAg and/or HBeAg positive in pregnancy, otherwise they received the low dose vaccine (10μg×3). Part of DSPs had a lower neonate coverage due to unreasonable allocation of the vaccines (used for adults not at risk) or higher cost or insufficient supply of the vaccines. It is necessary to evaluate the quality of serological lab test to HBVMs in the maternal prescreening. CONCLUSION Remarkable achievements have been made according to the national planning and policy of HB immunization in China.

Formation and harmfulness of high fluoride-bearing ground-water

According to the distribution of high fluoride\|bearing groundwater in Liaoning Province, China, the cause of formation and hydrogeochemical characteristics as well as its relationship with human health and illness rate were discussed. Strategies to prevent and control fluoride pollution have also been outlined.

Efficacy of the Pepper Extracts to Control Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus

The Zucchini yellow mosaic virus （ZYMV） （Potyvirus） on “zucchini” presents great economic importance for Malagasy farmers. Numerous aphid species （Hemiptera： Aphididae） spread viral particles, which are easily transmitted mechanically, too. Farmers ignored this disease, therefore, its control became extremely difficult with insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate efficacy of chili pepper extracts. Treatments vary as a function of its initiations and were repeated at weekly intervals until harvest. It was conducted in market gardens around the town of Antananarivo. The study compared four treatments and repeated three times： firstly, plots received a protection as soon as installation of culture （preventive protection）; secondly, plots received treatment with low infestation （about a quarter plants infested） （late protection）; thirdly, plots received treatment with high infestation （about half of plants infested） （latest protection）; lastly, plots without treatment （the control）. As a result, pepper extracts can provide a significant level to control against aphids attack, and permit to delay virus installation on plots, which received treatment as soon as implementation of culture. However, it cannot eradicate and cannot limit extend of virus disease on plots already infested. Economic analysis shows that preventive treatment of pepper extracts to fight virus attack provides an even greater return on its investment than all other terms. Thus, use of pepper extracts can reduce chemical treatment and pollution.

急倾斜深埋巨厚煤层掘巷冲击地压前兆特征及其灾害防治

随着冲击地压矿井逐渐向深开采,其巷道掘进伴随的冲击显现愈发强烈。针对巷道掘进过程中的冲击地压有效防治问题,以新疆乌东煤矿急倾斜煤层矿井为例,运用微震监测对巷道掘进的冲击地压时空前兆特征加以分析。结合巷道掘进的应力与能量变化数值模拟分析,揭示巷道掘进的冲击地压发生机理,提出急倾斜巨厚煤层巷道冲击地压防治策略,并完成现场工程实践验证。研究结果表明:急倾斜巨厚煤层巷道掘进的冲击地压发生前第2~5天出现微震总能量极低值,或存在至少4 d的能量潜伏期;冲击地压发生前5 d普遍存在3 d以上的最大能量占比高频波动期。冲击地压发生前存在明显缺震现象,发生位置集中分布在距离掘进工作面较近的微震能量极小值区间范围内,或位于微震能量极值区间附近的微震频次极小值区间范围内,且冲击地压事件位于冲击变形能指数较高区域。急倾斜巨厚煤层水平分段综放开采的坚硬覆岩结构不易破断,使得巷道掘进存在上水平采空区两侧“双翼型”应力集中,掘进工作面前方与巷道底部受顶底板岩层相互挤压的应力集中分布且能量积聚显著,随着巷道掘进深度增加其应力集中与能量积聚进一步增强,容易诱发冲击地压等动力灾害。综合分析形成急倾斜巨厚煤层巷道掘进的工作面爆破卸压、巷道钻孔卸压与补强支护、复杂区域架蓬的冲击地压防治策略。结合冲击地压时空前兆异常为及时加强卸压力度提供时机。通过工作面与巷道卸压使得掘进期间未发生单日累计1×105 J以上微震能量,在对支护优化调整与复杂区域重点防护后,巷道掘进日均微震能量降至2.2 kJ,其1 kJ以上微震事件占比下降且巷道断面整体平整。研究结果为急倾斜巨厚煤层巷道安全掘进提供了科学依据。

风光储参与电网预防-紧急控制策略研究

基于风光储有功功率连续平滑调节能力,提出一种风光储协同切负荷优化的电网预防-紧急控制策略。首先,分析风光储参与电网预防-紧急控制原理,给出风光储参与电网预防-紧急控制策略。在故障发生前通过削减风光出力预留有功备用容量,通过调整发电机机组出力、储能充放电状态平抑风光出力改变引起的系统功率波动;在故障发生后,优先考虑风光预留有功备用量填补系统功率不平衡量,若风光预留有功备用量不足,则采取切负荷措施进行紧急控制。然后,综合考虑风光有功备用成本、预防、紧急控制措施成本,分别建立风光储参与电网预防、紧急控制模型,采用Matlab/CPLEX求解模型。最后在改进IEEE 39节点系统进行仿真验证本文所提控制策略的有效性。

我国农业面源污染研究与展望

农业面源污染会带来一定的生态环境风险。经过20多年的治理,我国面源污染基础研究和防控工作取得重要进展,构建了流域、区域或国家尺度农业面源污染源汇路径全过程监测与评估体系,基本厘清了不同生态条件下农田系统中氮磷流失的主控因子,初步探明了农田有毒有害化学/生物污染与防控机制。在防控技术层面,研发出新型、绿色肥料替代常规化肥减量投入技术与产品,氮、磷高效利用污染负荷减排技术,土壤氮、磷增容负荷减排技术,坡耕地氮磷流失阻控技术,农业废弃物资源化利用技术与消纳装备。我国农业氮、磷排放污染负荷虽整体呈下降趋势,但依然是影响我国环境质量的首要污染因子,且农业面源污染呈现新的特征,表现为养殖业尤其是水产养殖业污染问题逐渐突出,残留地膜、农药、抗生素、激素、病原微生物等新型污染物污染问题不容忽视,面源污染途径从以径流扩散为主转向淋溶、挥发、累积并重的阶段,污染介质从单一地表水体转向包括地下水体、大气以及农田生态系统并存的状态。未来应以本领域我国取得科研成果和相关信息资源为基础,利用数字技术和AI技术,构建我国农业面源污染防控技术和管理融合大数据模型和系统理论,持续加强田块、流域、区域等多尺度面源污染防控技术集成配套与工程化应用研究,培育绿色低碳农业新质生产力产业,落实防控技术工程“政—产—学—研—用”保障机制与措施,以提升区域或流域尺度面源污染防控技术的环境、经济和社会综合效益,全面推进我国农业面源污染治理工作,促进农业高质量健康发展。

水灾害和谐防控与智慧模拟研究框架与展望

随着环境加剧变化与科技快速进步,我国水灾害防控事业面临着新的机遇与挑战。为深刻认识水灾害治理与防控,结合国家水灾害防御重大需求,对我国水灾害治理历程进行梳理与阶段划分,提出水灾害(包括干旱、洪涝、水环境污染)和谐防控与智慧模拟研究的必要性,从指导思想、理论基础、关键问题、研究内容、应用实践和发展战略研究六个方面提出水灾害和谐防控与智慧模拟研究框架,并从水灾害防控理论完善、水灾害和谐防控研究、智慧应用前景探索三个方面提出未来研究展望,以期为水灾害防控工作和高质量发展提供业务支撑。

病毒传播变异与人群交叉活动的相互影响及扩散模型研究

针对当前人际传染病毒高发态势,综合考虑病毒传播变异的随机特征和人群交叉活动之间的相互影响,提出并设计了多智能体模拟仿真推演模型。将病毒个体的外在致病性、传染性特征和人群个体的外在活动、免疫特征进行量化,将病毒个体与人群个体之间的相互依存及对抗过程进行建模,通过模型推演大量病毒个体和人群个体的发展趋势和统计特征。通过实验分析揭示了单个病毒变异方向的随机性不影响病毒群体变异发展方向的确定性:即病毒群体的致病性强度不断降低直到稳定在低值区间内,病毒群体的传染性强度不断升高,直到稳定在较高的数值区间内。给出了影响病毒传播变异过程的关键外在参数,可为高致病性病毒早期防控提供政策建议。

新贸易保护主义视角下中国新能源汽车产业链安全风险传导与防范

产业链安全是现代化产业体系建设的关键,是有效抵御外部冲击的重要保障。通过剖析新能源汽车领域欧美新贸易保护主义的表现形式,识别出相关安全风险,进而厘清传导机制,最后提出风险防范及应对策略。研究结果表明:就新能源汽车产业链而言,新贸易保护主义主要表现为,欧美国家从技术、经贸、组织与规则多个层面对中国新能源汽车产业链的限制;风险识别发现新能源汽车产业链面临技术封锁风险、贸易壁垒风险、系统性风险和市场偏转风险;相关风险主要通过供给冲击、需求收缩和预期转弱三条传导路径作用于产业链。基于上述结论,针对新能源汽车产业链各环节以及全链预警防范提出了应对策略。