胰腺癌临床表现多无特异性,转移早,恶性程度高,预后极差.近20 a 来,胰腺癌的发病率有明显上升趋势,目前已占肿瘤死亡人数的第5位.临床资料揭示,胰腺癌直径<2.0 cm 是能否手术切除的重要指标,因此,常把直径<2.0 cm 的胰腺癌称为小...胰腺癌临床表现多无特异性,转移早,恶性程度高,预后极差.近20 a 来,胰腺癌的发病率有明显上升趋势,目前已占肿瘤死亡人数的第5位.临床资料揭示,胰腺癌直径<2.0 cm 是能否手术切除的重要指标,因此,常把直径<2.0 cm 的胰腺癌称为小胰癌.然而,最近日本学者的研究资料表明直径<1.0 cm的胰腺癌多局限于导管内皮,术后五年生存率达100%;而1.1 cm~2.0 cm 的胰腺癌多数已有局部淋巴结、淋巴管、血管、展开更多
In Encoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),the main concern is to gain access into the bile duct while avoiding the pancreatic duct because of the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis.Diffi cult cannulation is ...In Encoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),the main concern is to gain access into the bile duct while avoiding the pancreatic duct because of the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis.Diffi cult cannulation is defined as a situation where the endoscopist,using his/her regularly used cannulation technique,fails within a certain time limit or after a certain number of unsuccessful attempts.Different methods have been developed to manage diffi cult cannulation.The most common solution is to perform a precut papillotomy either with a needle knife or with a sphincterotome with or without a guide wire.This review describes different methods to overcome cases of difficult cannulation.We will discuss the success rate and complication rates associated with different methods of reaching the biliary tract.展开更多
文摘胰腺癌临床表现多无特异性,转移早,恶性程度高,预后极差.近20 a 来,胰腺癌的发病率有明显上升趋势,目前已占肿瘤死亡人数的第5位.临床资料揭示,胰腺癌直径<2.0 cm 是能否手术切除的重要指标,因此,常把直径<2.0 cm 的胰腺癌称为小胰癌.然而,最近日本学者的研究资料表明直径<1.0 cm的胰腺癌多局限于导管内皮,术后五年生存率达100%;而1.1 cm~2.0 cm 的胰腺癌多数已有局部淋巴结、淋巴管、血管、
文摘In Encoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),the main concern is to gain access into the bile duct while avoiding the pancreatic duct because of the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis.Diffi cult cannulation is defined as a situation where the endoscopist,using his/her regularly used cannulation technique,fails within a certain time limit or after a certain number of unsuccessful attempts.Different methods have been developed to manage diffi cult cannulation.The most common solution is to perform a precut papillotomy either with a needle knife or with a sphincterotome with or without a guide wire.This review describes different methods to overcome cases of difficult cannulation.We will discuss the success rate and complication rates associated with different methods of reaching the biliary tract.