Innovations and techniques for balloon-enteroscopeassisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) remains challenging in patients who have undergone surgical reconstruction of the intestine.Recently,many studies have reported that balloonenteroscope-assisted ERCP(BEA-ERCP) is a safe and effective procedure.However,further improvements in outcomes and the development of simplified procedures are required.Percutaneous treatment,Laparoscopy-assisted ERCP,endoscopic ultrasoundguided anterograde intervention,and open surgery are effective treatments.However,treatment should be noninvasive,effective,and safe.We believe that these procedures should be performed only in difficult-to-treat patients because of many potential complications.BEA-ERCP still requires high expertiselevel techniques and is far from a routinely performed procedure.Various techniques have been proposed to facilitate scope insertion(insertion with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD) rendezvous technique,Short type single-balloon enteroscopes with passive bending section,Intraluminal injection of indigo carmine,CO2 inflation guidance),cannulation(PTBD or percutaneous transgallbladder drainage rendezvous technique,Dilation using screw drill,Rendezvous technique combining DBE with a cholangioscope,endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous technique),and treatment(overtube-assisted technique,Short type balloon enteroscopes) during BEA-ERCP.The use of these techniques may allow treatment to be performed by BEA-ERCP in many patients.A standard procedure for ERCP yet to be established for patients with a reconstructed intestine.At present,BEA-ERCP is considered the safest and most effective procedure and is therefore likely to be recommended as firstline treatment.In this article,we discuss the current status of BEA-ERCP in patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy.

Biliary and pancreatic stenting:Devices and insertiontechniques in therapeutic endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasonography

Stents are tubular devices made of plastic or metal. Endoscopic stenting is the most common treatment for obstruction of the common bile duct or of the main pancreatic duct, but also employed for the treatment of bilio-pancreatic leakages, for preventing post- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis and to drain the gallbladder and pancreatic fluid collections. Recent progresses in techniques of stent insertion and metal stent design are represented by new, fullycovered lumen apposing metal stents. These stents are specifically designed for transmural drainage, with a saddle-shape design and bilateral flanges, to provide lumen-to-lumen anchoring, reducing the risk of migration and leakage. This review is an update of the technique of stent insertion and metal stent deployment, of the most recent data available on stent types and characteristics and the new applications for biliopancreatic stents.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided vs endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography biliary drainage for obstructed distal malignant biliary strictures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND For palliation of malignant biliary obstruction(MBO), the gold-standard method of biliary drainage is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)with the placement of metallic stents. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided drainage is an alternative that is typically reserved for cases of ERCP failure.Recently, however, there have been robust randomized clinical trials(RCTs)comparing EUS-guided drainage and ERCP as primary approaches to MBO.AIM To compare EUS guidance and ERCP in terms of their effectiveness and safety in palliative biliary drainage for MBO.METHODS This was a systematic review and meta-analysis, in which we searched the MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Only RCTs comparing EUS and ERCP for primary drainage of MBO were eligible. All of the studies selected provided data regarding the rates of technical and clinical success, as well as the duration of the procedure, adverse events, and stent patency. We assessed the risk of biases using the Jadad score and the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation criteria.RESULTS The database searches yielded 5920 records, from which we selected 3 RCTs involving a total of 222 patients(112 submitted to EUS and 110 submitted to ERCP). In the EUS and ERCP groups, the rate of technical success was 91.96%n and 91.81%, respectively, with a risk difference(RD) of 0.00%(95%CI:-0.07, 0.07;P = 0.97; I^2 = 0%). The clinical success was 84.81% and 85.53% in the EUS and ERCP groups, respectively, with an RD of-0.01%(95%CI:-0.12, 0.10; P = 0.90; I^2 =0%). The mean difference(MD) for the duration of the procedure was-0.12%(95%CI:-8.20, 7.97; P = 0.98; I^2 = 84%). In the EUS and ERCP groups, there were14 and 25 adverse events, respectively, with an RD of-0.06%(95%CI:-0.23, 0.12; P= 0.54; I^2 = 77%). The MD for stent patency was 9.32%(95%CI:-4.53, 23.18; P =0.19; I^2 = 44%). The stent dysfunction rate was significantly lower in the EUS t group(MD =-0.22%; 95 CI:-0.35,-0.08; P = 0.001; I^2 = 0%).CONCLUSION EUS represents an interesting alternative to ERCP for MBO drainage,demonstrating lower stent dysfunction rates compared with ERCP. Technical and clinical success, duration, adverse events and patency rates were similar.

Endoscopic drainage for duodenal hematoma following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A case report

Intramural duodenal hematoma (IDH) is a rare complication following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Blunt damage caused by the endoscope or an accessory has been suggested as the main reason for IDH. Surgical treatment of isolated duodenal hematoma after blunt trauma is traditionally reserved for rare cases of perforation or persistent symptoms despite conservative management. Typical clinical symptoms of IDH include abdominal pain and vomiting. Diagnosis of IDH can be confirmed by imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Duodenal hematoma is mainly treated by drainage, which includes open surgery drainage and percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage, both causing great trauma. Here we present a case of massive IDH following ERCP, which was successfully managed by minimally invasive management: intranasal hematoma aspiration combined with needle knife opening under a duodenoscope.

Systematic review of safety and efficacy of therapeutic endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography during pregnancy including studies of radiation-free therapeutic endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography

AIM To systematically review safety/efficacy of therapeutic endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) performed during pregnancy, considering fetal viability, fetal teratogenicity, premature delivery, and future postpartum development of the infant.METHODS Systematic computerized literature search performed using PubMed with the key words "ERCP" and "pregnancy". Two clinicians independently reviewed the literature, and decided on which articles to incorporate in this review based on consensus and preassigned priorities. Large clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and controlled trials were assigned higher priority than review articles or small clinical series, and individual case reports were assigned lowest priority. Dr. Cappell has formal training and considerable experience in conducting systematic reviews, with 4 published systematic reviews in peer-reviewed journals indexed in PubM ed during the last 2 years, and with a PhD in neurophysiology that involved 5 years of training and research in biomedical statistics.RESULTS Advances in imaging modalities, including abdominal ultrasound, MRCP, and endoscopic ultrasound, have generally obviated the need for diagnostic ERCP in nonpregnant and pregnant patients. Clinical experience with performing ERCP during pregnancy is burgeoning, with > 500 cases of therapeutic ERCP reported in the literature, aside from a national registry study of 58 patients. These studies show that therapeutic ERCP has a very high rate of technical success in clearing the bile duct of gallstones, and has a relatively low and acceptable rate of maternal and fetal complications. The great majority of births after therapeutic ERCP are full-term, have normal birth weights, and are healthy. A recent trend is performing ERCP without radiation to eliminate radiation teratogenicity. Systematic literature review reveals 147 cases of ERCP without fluoroscopy in 8 clinical series. These studies demonstrate extremely high technical success in endoscopically removing choledocholithiasis, favorable maternal outcomes with rare maternal ERCP complications, and excellent fetal outcomes. ERCP without fluoroscopy generally confirms proper biliary cannulation by aspiration of yellow bile per sphincterotome or leakage of yellow bile around an inserted guide-wire.CONCLUSION This systematic literature review reveals ERCP is relatively safe and efficacious during pregnancy, with relatively favorable maternal and fetal outcomes after ERCP. Recommendations are provided about ERCP indications, special ERCP techniques during pregnancy, and prospects for future research.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography under moderate sedation and factors predicting need for anesthesiologist directed sedation: A county hospital experience

AIM: To evaluate variables associated with failure of gastroenterologist directed moderate sedation (GDS) during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and derive a predictive model for use of anesthesiologist directed sedation (ADS) in selected patients. METHODS: With institutional review board approval, we retrospectively analyzed consecutive records of all patients who underwent ERCPs between July 1, 2009 to October 1, 2011 to identify patient related and procedure related factors which could predict failure of GDS. For patient related factors, we abstracted and analyzeddata regarding the age, gender, ethnicity, alcohol and illicit drug use habits. For procedure related factors, we abstracted data regarding initial or repeat procedures, indication for performing ERCP, the interventions performed during ERCP, and the grade d difficulty of cannulation as defined in the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines. Our outcome of interest was procedural success. If the procedure was not successful, the reasons for failure of procedures were recorded along with immediate post procedure complications. Multivariate analysis was then performed to define factors associated with failure of GDS and a model constructed to predict requirement of ADS. RESULTS: Fourteen percent of patients undergoing GDS could not complete the procedure due to intolerance and 2% due to cardiovascular complications. Substance abuse, male gender, black race and alcohol use were significant predictors of failure of GDS on univariate analysis and substance abuse and higher grade of procedure remained significant on multivariate analysis. Using our predictive model where the presence of substance abuse was given 1 point and planned grade of intervention was scored from 1-3, only 12% patients with a score of 1 would require ADS due to failure of GDS, compared to 50% with a score of 3 or higher. CONCLUSION: We conclude that ERCP under GDS is safe and effective for low grade procedures, and ADS should be judiciously reserved for procedures which have a higher risk of failure with moderate sedation.

New cannulation method for pancreatic duct cannulationbile duct guidewire-indwelling method

The patient was a 58-year-old male with symptomatic alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.Since a 10 mm calculus was observed in the pancreatic body and abdominal pain occurred due to congestion of pancreatic juice,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was conducted for assessment of the pancreatic duct and treatment of pancreatic calculus.Pancreatogram was slightly and insuff iciently obtained by injecting the contrast media via the common channel of the duodenal main papilla.We tried to cannulate selectively into the pancreatic duct for a clear image.However,the selective cannulation of the pancreatic duct was difficult because of instability of the papilla.On the other hand,selective cannulation of the bile duct was relatively easily achieved.Therefore,after the imaging of the bile duct,a guidewire was retained in the bile duct to immobilize the duodenal papilla and cannulation of the pancreatic duct was attempted.As a result,selective pancreatic duct cannulation became possible.It is considered that the bile duct guidewire-indwelling method may serve as one of the useful techniques for cases whose selective pancreatic duct cannulation is diff icult("selective pancreatic duct diff icult cannulation case").

Primary sclerosing cholangitis-What is the difference between east and west?

Primary sclerosing cholangitis （PSC） is a chronic, progressive, cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrotic obliteration of the hepatic biliary tree. It is commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. A number of complications can occur which require special consideration, the most important of which is the development of cholangiocellular carcinoma （CCC）. Unfortunately, no medical therapy is currently available for the underlying liver disease. Liver transplantation is an effective, life-extending option for patients with advanced PSC. Geographical variations between East and West include a second peak for age with a lower association with IBD in a .lapanese population and female predominance in a lone study from Turkey. The clinical and biochemical Mayo criteria may not be universally applicable, as different patients show variations regarding the initial presentation and natural course of the disease, Directing research towards explaining these geographical differences and understanding the pathogenesis of PSC is required in order to develop better therapies for this devastating disease.

基于logistic回归和决策树法预测肿瘤合并胆管占位患者ERCP术后并发胰腺炎的研究

目的基于logistic回归和决策树法,研究肿瘤合并胆管占位患者在内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)术后并发胰腺炎的影响因素。方法选择2020年3月至2023年3月河南省肿瘤医院收治的149例下段胆管癌合并胆管占位患者,均接受ERCP术治疗。入院后,收集患者的临床资料,根据患者术后是否并发胰腺炎,将其分为发生组与未发生组,并对比两组患者的临床资料。分别采用logistic回归和决策树法分析患者ERCP术后并发胰腺炎的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析logistic回归分析与决策树模型分析的结果。结果149例患者术后共有29例(19.46%)并发胰腺炎,据此将其分为发生组(n=29)与未发生组(n=120)。两组患者的性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、淀粉酶(AMY)等一般资料相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);发生组患者的急性生理学与慢性健康状态评分系统Ⅱ评分、胰腺炎病史、胰腺显影、存在插管困难与未发生组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,胰腺炎病史、胰腺显影、存在插管困难是ERCP术后并发胰腺炎的危险因素(P<0.05)。决策树模型结果显示,胰腺炎病史、胰腺显影、存在插管困难均是影响ERCP术后并发胰腺炎的危险因素。logistic回归和决策树模型的分类准确率分别为85.37%和90.72%,准确度均较好。ROC曲线结果显示,logistic回归的曲线下面积为0.798,决策树模型的曲线下面积为0.843(P<0.05)。结论临床针对存在胰腺炎病史、胰腺显影、插管困难的下段胆管癌合并胆管占位患者,可给予有效治疗及干预;将logistic回归和决策树法联合应用可从不同层面发现下段胆管癌合并胆管占位患者在ERCP术后并发胰腺炎的影响因素,从而加强早期评估与识别,以进一步降低ERCP术后并发急性胰腺炎的风险。

内镜下金属支架引流术治疗肝门部胆管癌和肝外恶性胆道梗阻临床观察

背景:临床上恶性胆道梗阻性疾病预后较差。对于不能手术切除者,通常选择内镜下置入胆道支架以解除梗阻,然而该技术对进展期肝门部肿瘤的疗效报道不一。目的:探讨内镜下金属支架引流术对肝门部胆管癌和肝外恶性胆道梗阻的疗效和并发症发生情况。方法:纳入上海交通大学附属第一人民医院2006年6月～2009年6月收治的82例接受ERCP下置入自膨式金属胆道支架引流治疗的恶性月胆道狭窄患者,根据病变部位分为肝门部胆管癌组和肝外恶性胆道梗阻组,对其ERCP参数和术后6个月随访记录进行回顾性分析,并分析随访期间急性胆管炎发生的危险因素。结果:两组支架置入成功率均为100%。与肝外恶性胆道梗阻组相比,肝门部胆管癌组术后1周总胆红素降低显效率较低,术后6个月内急性胆管炎发生率增高,初次发生时间提前,支架再狭窄率增高(P=0.000)。ERCP术中括约肌切开为随访期间发生急性胆管炎的危险因素(P=0.004,OR:8.196)。结论:内镜下金属支架引流术对肝门部胆管癌的疗效不及肝外恶性胆道梗阻,且更易早期发生急性胆管炎和支架再狭窄,术中括约肌切开可增加术后急性胆管炎的发生风险。

Endoscopic stenting for inoperable malignant biliary obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To analyze through meta-analyses the benefits of two types of stents in the inoperable malignant biliary obstruction.METHODS: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials(RCT) was conducted, with the last update on March 2015, using EMBASE, CINAHL(EBSCO), MEDLINE, LILACS/CENTRAL(BVS), SCOPUS, CAPES(Brazil), and gray literature. Information of the selected studies was extracted in sight of six outcomes: primarily regarding dysfunction, complication and reintervention rates; and secondarily costs, survival, and patency time. The data about characteristics of trial participants, inclusion and exclusion criteria and types of stents were also extracted. The bias was mainly assessed through the JADAD scale. This meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO database by the number CRD42014015078. The analysis of the absolute risk of the outcomes was performed using the software Rev Man, by computing risk differences(RD) of dichotomous variables and mean differences(MD) of continuous variables. Data on RD and MD for each primary outcome were calculated using the MantelHaenszel test and inconsistency was qualified and reported in χ2 and the Higgins method(I2). Sensitivity analysis was performed when heterogeneity was higher than 50%, a subsequent assay was done and other findings were compiled. Student's t-test was used for the comparison of weighted arithmetic means regarding secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Initial searching identified 3660 studies; 3539 were excluded through title, repetition, and/or abstract, while 121 studies were fully assessed and were excluded mainly because they did not compare self-expanding metal stents(SEMS) and plastic stents(PS), leading to thirteen RCT selected, with 13 articles and 1133 subjects meta-analyzed. The mean age was 69.5 years old, that were affected mostly by bile duct(proximal) and pancreatic tumors(distal). The preferred SEMS diameter used was the 10 mm(30 Fr) and the preferred PS diameter used was 10 Fr. In the metaanalysis, SEMS had lower overall stent dysfunction compared to PS(21.6% vs 46.8%, P < 0.00001) and fewer re-interventions(21.6% vs 56.6%, P < 0.00001), with no difference in complications(13.7% vs 15.9%, P = 0.16). In the secondary analysis, the mean survival rate was higher in the SEMS group(182 d vs 150 d, P < 0.0001), with a higher patency period(250 d vs 124 d, P < 0.0001) and a lower cost per patient(4193.98 vs 4728.65 Euros, P < 0.0985).CONCLUSION: SEMS are associated with lower stent dysfunction, lower re-intervention rates, better survival, and higher patency time. Complications and costs showed no difference.

Update of endoscopy in liver disease:More than just treating varices

The management of complications in liver disease is often complex and challenging.Endoscopy has undergone a period of rapid expansion with numerous novel and specialized endoscopic modalities that are of increasing value in the investigation and management of the patient with liver disease.In this review,relevant literature search and expert opinions have been used to provide a brief overview and update of the current endoscopic management of patients with liver disease and portal hypertension.The main areas covered are safety of endoscopy in patients with liver disease,the use of standard endoscopy for the treatment of varices and the role of new endoscopic modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound,esophageal capsule,argon plasma coagulation,spyglass and endomicroscopy in the investigation and treatment of liver-related gastrointestinal and biliary pathology.It is clear that the role of the endoscopy in liver disease is well beyond that of just treating varices.As the technology in endoscopy expands,so does the role of the endoscopist in liver disease.

Role of endoscopy in the conservative management of biliary complications after deceased donor liver transplantation

The clinical outcome of patients receiving liver trans-plantation could be significantly affected by biliary complications, including strictures, leaks, stones and bilomas; early diagnosis and treatment of these con-ditions lead to markedly reduction in morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic gold standard is represented by conservative approaches, both endoscopic and percutaneous, based on the type of biliary reconstruction, the local availability of the procedures and specific expertise. In patients with previous transplantation, the difficult biliary access and the possible presence of concomitant complications(mainly strictures) further restrict the efficacy of the endoscopic and percutaneous treatments; on the other hand, surgery should generally be avoided because of the even increased morbidity and mortality due to technical and clinical issues. Here we review the most common biliary complications occurring after liver transplantation and discuss available treatment options including future perspectives such as endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary access in patients with Roux-en-Y choledocho-jejunostomy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for difficult stones.

中国ERCP研究现状

自1973年首例内镜胰胆管造影(ERCP)在我国应用以来,经过广大内镜工作者近30a的不懈努力,ERCP的成功率从20世纪70年代的84.0％提高到90年代的96.1％,已逐步接近或赶上了国际先进水平,成为胰胆疾病的重要诊断方法之一。随着操作技术的不断改进、内镜及其附属器械的迅速发展,治疗性ERCP于80年代初在我国也得到开展及应用,并逐步成为某些胰胆疾病的重要治疗手段,使原来需要外科手术的某些胰胆疾病避免了手术的痛苦,并取得了满意的疗效,从而开创了我国胰胆疾病治疗的新格局。

两种MRCP成像技术的临床应用价值分析

目的:探讨两种MRCP成像技术的临床应用价值。方法:对150例受检者同时进行两种MRCP成像方法的扫描:一是二维单次激发快速自旋回波、厚层多角度成像,以胆总管为定位中心屏气完成扫描;另一成像方法为快速自旋回波三维薄层扫描,采用呼吸门控方式完成。根据图像的空间分辨率,对比度,呼吸运动伪影状况以及背景干扰因素等,对两种MRCP图像分别评级。χ2检验两种扫描方法图像间的差异性。结果:二维成像方法获得的图像中Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级合计142例,Ⅲ级8例;三维图像中,Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级合计125例,Ⅲ级25例。χ2检验结果:χ2=9.84,P=0.002。结论:两种MRCP方法的侧重点不同,在临床实际应用中同时进行上述两种方法的MRCP成像是必要的。

ERCP治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎疗效及其术后并发症的影响因素分析

目的:探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)检查及治疗对急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床效果及影响术后并发症发生的相关因素。方法:选择80例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者分为40例ERCP组和40例对照组,ERCP组采用经ERCP检查行内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开(EST)、内镜下鼻胆管引流(ENBD)治疗;对照组采用保守治疗法,对比两组疗效(淀粉酶恢复时间、症状缓解时间、住院天数)和术后并发症情况,并对影响术后并发症发生的相关因素进行多元线性回归分析。结果:经治疗,在淀粉酶恢复时间、症状缓解时间、住院天数等3个疗效指标上观察组用时均显著低于对照组,组间比较显示差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率(12.82%)显著低于对照组(38.46%),组间比较显示差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logitic分析显示,球囊扩张、合并症、急性胆源性胰腺炎病史、导丝多次进入胰管为影响术后并发症发生相关因素。结论:相较于保守治疗,对急性胆源性胰腺炎患者实行ERCP检查下EST及ENBD治疗疗效更好,显著改善患者临床症状,缩短住院时间及淀粉酶恢复时间,有效降低术后并发症发生,同时球囊扩张、合并症、急性胆源性胰腺炎病史、导丝多次进入胰管是影响术后并发症发生的主要风险因素。

磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)中成像方法的选择

目的 :研究磁共振胆胰管成像 (MRCP)时 ,应用胃肠道阴性对比剂 (葡萄糖酸亚铁糖浆 )后 ,不同成像方法的优、缺点。方法 :5 0例受检者口服 12 %V/V葡萄糖酸亚铁糖浆后进行MRCP检查 ;采用GE 1.5TMRI扫描机 ,常规薄层MIP成像及厚层单次激发成像 (Single Shot)、薄层单次激发MIP成像。结果 :随着TE时间的延长 ,葡萄糖酸亚铁糖浆对胃肠道液体信号的抑制作用增强 ,使MRCP时胆胰管显影更加清晰 ,尤其在单次激发成像时 ;结合MIP与厚层单次激发图像可以得到更多信息。结论 :口服胃肠道阴性对比剂后行MRCP检查 ,能够抑制胃肠道内液体信号 ,使胆胰管显影更加清晰 。

胰管支架预防内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎的临床分析

目的回顾性研究内镜下胰管支架置入预防内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎(PEP)疗效。方法按统一标准入组相关患者,选择接受内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)诊治并置入胰管支架的102例患者作为观察组,随机选择同期接受ERCP治疗但未置入胰管支架的患者100例作为对照组,比较两组患者PEP及高淀粉酶血症的发生率。结果 (1)观察组与对照组总体术后胰腺炎发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.113);两组总体高淀粉酶血症发生率相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.491)。(2)两组高危人群术后胰腺炎发生率相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.037);高危人群高淀粉酶血症发生率相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.757)。结论胰管支架置入可降低高危人群ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生率。

彩色多普勒超声联合ERCP对胆道梗阻性疾病的诊断

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声与ERCP联合诊治胆道梗阻性疾病的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析78例经超声与ERCP联合诊治的胆道梗阻性疾病患者的临床资料。结果:超声及ERCP对胆道梗阻病因诊断的准确率分别为87.2%、93.6%;对胆道梗阻定位诊断准确率分别为94.9%、96.2%;超声与ERCP联合诊断对胆道梗阻的定性、定位符合率分别为97.4%、100%。行ERCP治疗失败3例,术后12h内梗阻症状改善70例,临床治疗总有效率为93.3%。结论:彩色多普勒超声与ERCP联合应用,大大提高了胆道梗阻性疾病的诊断效率及介入治疗的成功率。

导丝进入胰管的困难性胆管插管策略在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用

目的探讨导丝进入胰管的困难性胆管插管策略应用于内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)中的临床效果。方法回顾性分析该院63例导丝进入胰管的困难性胆管插管患者的临床资料。依次采用双导丝法、胰管预切开法和胰管支架法选择性胆管插管,根据不同胆管插管方法分为双导丝组、胰管预切开组和胰管支架组。分析各组的插管成功率、插管时间及ERCP术后并发症之间的差异。结果3组总体插管成功率为96.8%。双导丝组、胰管预切开组及胰管支架组的插管时间分别为(70.7±28.6)、(116.6±43.2)和(129.1±88.2)s,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症总体发生率为39.3%,胰管预切开组明显高于其他两组(P<0.05)。ERCP术后胰腺炎(PEP)总发生率为21.3%,胰管预切开组明显高于其他两组(P<0.05)。ERCP出血发生率为6.6%。未发生重症胰腺炎和十二指肠穿孔病例。结论导丝进入胰管后依次采用双导丝法、胰管预切开法和胰管支架法选择性胆管插管,上述方法插管成功率高,手术安全可行。