Simultaneous quantification of Lamivudine and Zidovudine in tablets by HPTLC method was developed and validated.The chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of toluene:ethyl acetate:methanol (4:4:2,v/v/v) on ...Simultaneous quantification of Lamivudine and Zidovudine in tablets by HPTLC method was developed and validated.The chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of toluene:ethyl acetate:methanol (4:4:2,v/v/v) on pre-coated plate of silica gel GF aluminum TLC plate and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 276 nm.The R f values were 0.4170.03 and 0.6070.04 for Lamivudine and Zidovudine,respectively.The linearity of the method was found to be within the concentration range of 50 250 ng/spot for Lamivudine and for Zidovudine,it was 100 500 ng/spot.The lower limits of detection and quantification were 2.23 ng/spot and 7.90 ng/spot for Lamivudine and 2.90 ng/spot and 8.85 ng/spot for Zidovudine.The method was also validated for precision,specificity and recovery.This developed method was used to analyze fixed-dose tablets (Duovir,Cipla Ltd) samples of Lamivudine and Zidovudine.展开更多
This paper describes a stripping method for the determination of zidovudine at the submicromolar concentration levels. This method is based on the controlled adsorptive accumulation of zidovudine at the thin-film merc...This paper describes a stripping method for the determination of zidovudine at the submicromolar concentration levels. This method is based on the controlled adsorptive accumulation of zidovudine at the thin-film mercury electrode, followed by a linear-sweep stripping voltammetry measurement of the surface species. Optimal experimental conditions include a NaOH solution of 2.0 × 10–3 mol●L–1 (sup-porting electrolyte), an accumulation potential of –0.30 V and a scan rate of 100 mV?s–1. The response of zidovudine is linear over the concentration range 0.01 - 0.08 ppm. After an accumulation time of 5 minutes, the detection limit was found to be 0.67 ppb (2.5 × 10–9 mol●L–1). More convenient methods to measure zidovudine concentration in the presence of the didanosine, acyclovir, nevirapine, lamivudine, and efavirenz, were also investigated. The presence of zidovudine together with ATP or ssDNA demonstrates the utility of this method.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether switching HIV-infected patients stabilized on Trizivir (abacavir 300 mg/lamivudine 150 mg/zidovudine 300 mg) plus lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100mg twice ...Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether switching HIV-infected patients stabilized on Trizivir (abacavir 300 mg/lamivudine 150 mg/zidovudine 300 mg) plus lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100mg twice daily to Trizivir alone affects clinical efficacy and tolerability. Methods: This phase 4, open-label, pilot study was conducted over 96 weeks in 23 antiretroviral-na?ve, HIV-infected patients. Initially, these patients received induction therapy with Trizivir plus lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100mg twice daily. Patients who achieved a viral load 3. Nineteen patients completed induction;of the four who did not, three were lost to follow-up and one withdrew due to gastrointestinal adverse events. In 14 induction completers who had viral load measurements taken at week 48, intent-to-treat: observed analysis showed a week 48 viral load 3 higher than the baseline count. Twelve patients completed the subsequent 48-week Trizivir-alone maintenance phase, of whom 11 (92%) achieved viral loads of both 3 above baseline. Trizivir-only maintenance was associated with fewer adverse events than the Trizivir-lopinavir/ritonavir induction phase and with improvement in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Conclusions: Trizivir-alone maintenance after Trizivir-lopinavir/ritonavir induction maintained virologic and CD4+ cell response, and was associated with an improved adverse event and lipid profile.展开更多
目的系统评价单独应用齐多夫定(zidovudine,ZDV)阻断HIV母婴传播的有效性和安全性。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索Cochrane图书馆(2007第1期)、PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL、AIDSearch、AIDSLINE、AIDSTRIALS、AIDSDRUGS、AIDSi...目的系统评价单独应用齐多夫定(zidovudine,ZDV)阻断HIV母婴传播的有效性和安全性。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索Cochrane图书馆(2007第1期)、PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL、AIDSearch、AIDSLINE、AIDSTRIALS、AIDSDRUGS、AIDSinfo、CRD(center of review and dissemination)、CBMdisc,VIP和CNKI等数据库,以及全球或地区性AIDS相关的会议论文集、政府或非政府组织的相关文件等,检索日期截至2007年4月30日,全面收集全球抗艾滋病病毒药物预防HIV母婴传播的随机对照试验。由两名评价员独立筛查文献、评价质量和提取资料,然后交叉核对,若遇分歧则征求第三方意见讨论解决。使用RevMan软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8个RCT,包括24篇全文和13篇摘要,其方法学质量的Jadad评分≥3分。Meta分析显示:①ZDV与安慰剂比较共纳入4个RCTs(2385例),无论长短疗程、母乳或非母乳喂养人群,ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果均优于安慰剂组,降低HIV母婴传播风险43%～50%,且两组死产率、婴儿死亡率、母亲死亡率、早产、低体重儿、出生缺陷、母婴不良反应发生率和母亲产前、产时和产后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②1个大样本RCT(1437例)比较了ZDV不同疗程的效果,结果显示ZDV“长–长疗程”(从孕28周开始到产后6周)比“短–短疗程”(从孕35周开始到分娩后3天)降低HIV母婴传播风险61%[RR=0.39,95%CI(0.19,0.82)]。长–长疗程与长–短疗程(从孕28周开始到产后3天)及短-长疗程(从孕35周开始到产后6周)比较,其预防HIV母婴传播的效果差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组死产、新生儿死亡、1年内婴儿死亡、母亲死亡、早产、低体重儿、出生缺陷、母婴不良反应发生率相似(P>0.05)。③1个大样本RCT(1200例)显示:人工喂养+短程ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果优于母乳喂养+长程ZDV,可降低婴儿HIV感染风险的35%～39%,但提高了婴儿7个月时的死亡率(9.3%vs4.9%;P=0.003);两组婴儿早产率、低体重儿出生率、出生缺陷率、不良反应发生率相似(P>0.05)。④2个直接比较短程或超短程ZDV与单剂量奈韦拉平(Nevirapine,NVP)预防HIV母婴传播效果的RCT(702例)显示,NVP可降低HIV母婴传播风险的44%～48%,两组死产、6月内婴儿死亡、母亲死亡、低体重儿、母婴不良反应发生率相似(P>0.05)。结论无论长短疗程、母乳或非母乳喂养人群,ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果均优于安慰剂,且其妊娠结局和不良反应发生情况相似。ZDV“长–长疗程”比“短–短疗程”预防HIV母婴传播效果更好,但长–长疗程与长–短疗程、短–长疗程预防HIV母婴传播的效果相似;各组安全性相似。人工喂养+短程ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果优于母乳喂养+长程ZDV,但提高了婴儿7个月时的死亡率。单剂量NVP预防HIV母婴传播效果优于短程和超短程ZDV,且安全性相似。展开更多
文摘Simultaneous quantification of Lamivudine and Zidovudine in tablets by HPTLC method was developed and validated.The chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of toluene:ethyl acetate:methanol (4:4:2,v/v/v) on pre-coated plate of silica gel GF aluminum TLC plate and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 276 nm.The R f values were 0.4170.03 and 0.6070.04 for Lamivudine and Zidovudine,respectively.The linearity of the method was found to be within the concentration range of 50 250 ng/spot for Lamivudine and for Zidovudine,it was 100 500 ng/spot.The lower limits of detection and quantification were 2.23 ng/spot and 7.90 ng/spot for Lamivudine and 2.90 ng/spot and 8.85 ng/spot for Zidovudine.The method was also validated for precision,specificity and recovery.This developed method was used to analyze fixed-dose tablets (Duovir,Cipla Ltd) samples of Lamivudine and Zidovudine.
文摘This paper describes a stripping method for the determination of zidovudine at the submicromolar concentration levels. This method is based on the controlled adsorptive accumulation of zidovudine at the thin-film mercury electrode, followed by a linear-sweep stripping voltammetry measurement of the surface species. Optimal experimental conditions include a NaOH solution of 2.0 × 10–3 mol●L–1 (sup-porting electrolyte), an accumulation potential of –0.30 V and a scan rate of 100 mV?s–1. The response of zidovudine is linear over the concentration range 0.01 - 0.08 ppm. After an accumulation time of 5 minutes, the detection limit was found to be 0.67 ppb (2.5 × 10–9 mol●L–1). More convenient methods to measure zidovudine concentration in the presence of the didanosine, acyclovir, nevirapine, lamivudine, and efavirenz, were also investigated. The presence of zidovudine together with ATP or ssDNA demonstrates the utility of this method.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether switching HIV-infected patients stabilized on Trizivir (abacavir 300 mg/lamivudine 150 mg/zidovudine 300 mg) plus lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100mg twice daily to Trizivir alone affects clinical efficacy and tolerability. Methods: This phase 4, open-label, pilot study was conducted over 96 weeks in 23 antiretroviral-na?ve, HIV-infected patients. Initially, these patients received induction therapy with Trizivir plus lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100mg twice daily. Patients who achieved a viral load 3. Nineteen patients completed induction;of the four who did not, three were lost to follow-up and one withdrew due to gastrointestinal adverse events. In 14 induction completers who had viral load measurements taken at week 48, intent-to-treat: observed analysis showed a week 48 viral load 3 higher than the baseline count. Twelve patients completed the subsequent 48-week Trizivir-alone maintenance phase, of whom 11 (92%) achieved viral loads of both 3 above baseline. Trizivir-only maintenance was associated with fewer adverse events than the Trizivir-lopinavir/ritonavir induction phase and with improvement in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Conclusions: Trizivir-alone maintenance after Trizivir-lopinavir/ritonavir induction maintained virologic and CD4+ cell response, and was associated with an improved adverse event and lipid profile.
文摘目的系统评价单独应用齐多夫定(zidovudine,ZDV)阻断HIV母婴传播的有效性和安全性。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索Cochrane图书馆(2007第1期)、PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL、AIDSearch、AIDSLINE、AIDSTRIALS、AIDSDRUGS、AIDSinfo、CRD(center of review and dissemination)、CBMdisc,VIP和CNKI等数据库,以及全球或地区性AIDS相关的会议论文集、政府或非政府组织的相关文件等,检索日期截至2007年4月30日,全面收集全球抗艾滋病病毒药物预防HIV母婴传播的随机对照试验。由两名评价员独立筛查文献、评价质量和提取资料,然后交叉核对,若遇分歧则征求第三方意见讨论解决。使用RevMan软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8个RCT,包括24篇全文和13篇摘要,其方法学质量的Jadad评分≥3分。Meta分析显示:①ZDV与安慰剂比较共纳入4个RCTs(2385例),无论长短疗程、母乳或非母乳喂养人群,ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果均优于安慰剂组,降低HIV母婴传播风险43%～50%,且两组死产率、婴儿死亡率、母亲死亡率、早产、低体重儿、出生缺陷、母婴不良反应发生率和母亲产前、产时和产后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②1个大样本RCT(1437例)比较了ZDV不同疗程的效果,结果显示ZDV“长–长疗程”(从孕28周开始到产后6周)比“短–短疗程”(从孕35周开始到分娩后3天)降低HIV母婴传播风险61%[RR=0.39,95%CI(0.19,0.82)]。长–长疗程与长–短疗程(从孕28周开始到产后3天)及短-长疗程(从孕35周开始到产后6周)比较,其预防HIV母婴传播的效果差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组死产、新生儿死亡、1年内婴儿死亡、母亲死亡、早产、低体重儿、出生缺陷、母婴不良反应发生率相似(P>0.05)。③1个大样本RCT(1200例)显示:人工喂养+短程ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果优于母乳喂养+长程ZDV,可降低婴儿HIV感染风险的35%～39%,但提高了婴儿7个月时的死亡率(9.3%vs4.9%;P=0.003);两组婴儿早产率、低体重儿出生率、出生缺陷率、不良反应发生率相似(P>0.05)。④2个直接比较短程或超短程ZDV与单剂量奈韦拉平(Nevirapine,NVP)预防HIV母婴传播效果的RCT(702例)显示,NVP可降低HIV母婴传播风险的44%～48%,两组死产、6月内婴儿死亡、母亲死亡、低体重儿、母婴不良反应发生率相似(P>0.05)。结论无论长短疗程、母乳或非母乳喂养人群,ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果均优于安慰剂,且其妊娠结局和不良反应发生情况相似。ZDV“长–长疗程”比“短–短疗程”预防HIV母婴传播效果更好,但长–长疗程与长–短疗程、短–长疗程预防HIV母婴传播的效果相似;各组安全性相似。人工喂养+短程ZDV预防HIV母婴传播的效果优于母乳喂养+长程ZDV,但提高了婴儿7个月时的死亡率。单剂量NVP预防HIV母婴传播效果优于短程和超短程ZDV,且安全性相似。
