Cholic acid mitigates osteoarthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB/PERK/ SIRT1 signaling pathway

Introduction:Cholic acid(CA)is a natural steroid useful in treating chronic bronchitis and cholecystitis.On the other hand,its potential impact on osteoarthritis(OA)is unknown.Objective:Using an in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritis model,we sought to assess the chondroprotective properties of CA.Methods:We employed the Cell Counting Kit-8 to measure the impact of CA on chondrocyte activity to assess the toxicity of the cells.Multiple molecular biology experimental techniques were used to investigate potential signaling pathways that CA may use to prevent inflammation and give chondrocytes protection.Furthermore,how CA affects the OA model in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats was evaluated.Results:CA significantly suppressed the up-regulation of the interleukin-1β(IL-1β),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),and matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP-13)and the downregulation of aggrecan and type II collagen A1(COL2A)in chondrocytes treated tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).Differentially expressed genes(DEG)enrichment revealed IL-17,TNF,chemokine,cytokine-cytokine receptor,toll-like receptor,and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor were the primary signaling pathways.The enriched DEGs included CXCL6,CCL20,MMP3,CXCL3,CXCL11,CCL5,CXCL10,MMP9,MMP13,and CXCL2;these DEGs are involved in inflammatory responses and their expression induced by TNF-αwas reversed by CA treatment.CA inhibits p65 nuclear translocation and inhibitory subunit kappa B alpha(IκBα)phosphorylation induced by TNF-α.Furthermore,CA attenuated protein expression of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK),inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α(IRE1α),glucose regulatory protein 78(GRP78),and sirtuin 1(SIRT1),and down-regulation of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase-α(p-AMPKα)in TNF-α-treated chondrocytes.Conclusions:CA significantly ameliorated cartilage degradation in the OA rat model.CA alleviated the inflammatory response through the nuclear factor kappa B/PERK/SIRT1 axis and ameliorated cartilage degradation.

Calcium-Magnesium Ca/Mg Ratios and Their Agronomic Implications for the Optimization of Phosphate Fertilization in Rainfed Rice Farming on Acidic Ferralsol in the Forest Zone of Ivory Coast

This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha−1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha−1) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha−1 of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha−1) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha−1) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha−1 for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha−1, 34 kg Mg ha−1 in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha−1, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.

富里酸和Ca^(2+)共存对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌介导生成次生高铁矿物的影响

为揭示富里酸和Ca^(2+)共存对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)氧化酸性矿山废水(AMD)中的Fe^(2+)和形成次生高铁矿物的影响,分析了pH、Fe^(2+)氧化率、铁沉淀率以及次生高铁矿物矿相、基团等相关指标。结果表明,Ca^(2+)确实具有提高嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe^(2+)的能力。低质量浓度(0.2 g/L)的富里酸对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌活性的提高具有促进作用,高质量浓度(0.4 g/L)的富里酸具有抑制作用,而增加Ca^(2+)反过来能够减弱高浓度富里酸对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌的抑制作用。对形成的次生高铁矿物进行X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析,结果表明高浓度富里酸促进了另一次生高铁矿物草黄铁矾的生成。

Influence of Ca/P ratio on the catalytic performance of hydroxyapatite for decarboxylation of itaconic acid to methacrylic acid

Methacrylic acid,an important organic chemical,is commercially manufactured starting from fossil feedstock.The decarboxylation of itaconic acid derived for biomass is a green route to the synthesis of methacrylic acid.In view of the problems existing in the researches on this route such as use of noble metal catalyst,harsh reaction conditions and low desired-product yield,we prepared a series of hydroxyapatite catalysts with different Ca/P molar ratios and evaluated their catalytic performance.The results showed that the hydroxyapatite catalyst with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.58 had the best catalytic activity.The highest yield of MAA up to 61.2%was achieved with basically complete conversion of itaconic acid under the suitable reaction conditions of 1 equivalent of NaOH,2 MPa of N_(2),250℃,and 2 h.On this basis,a reaction network for the decarboxylation of itaconic acid to methacrylic acid catalyzed by hydroxyapatite was established.With the aid of catalyst characterization using X-ray powder diffraction,NH3/CO2 temperature-programmed desorption,N_(2)physisorption,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry,and scanning electron microscopy,we found that the distribution of surface acid sites and basic sites,crystal growth orientation,texture properties and morphology of hydroxyapatite varied with the Ca/P molar ratio.Furthermore,the change of the crystal growth orientation and its influence on the surface acidity and alkalinity were clarified.

High-temperature stress suppresses allene oxide cyclase 2 and causes male sterility in cotton by disrupting jasmonic acid signaling

Cotton(Gossypium spp.) yield is reduced by stress. In this study, high temperature(HT) suppressed the expression of the jasmonic acid(JA) biosynthesis gene allene oxide cyclase 2(GhAOC2), reducing JA content and causing male sterility in the cotton HT-sensitive line H05. Anther sterility was reversed by exogenous application of methyl jasmonate(MeJA) to early buds. To elucidate the role of GhAOC2 in JA biosynthesis and identify its putative contribution to the anther response to HT, we created gene knockout cotton plants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Ghaoc2 mutant lines showed male-sterile flowers with reduced JA content in the anthers at the tetrad stage(TS), tapetum degradation stage(TDS), and anther dehiscence stage(ADS). Exogenous application of MeJA to early mutant buds(containing TS or TDS anthers) rescued the sterile pollen and indehiscent anther phenotypes, while ROS signals were reduced in ADS anthers. We propose that HT downregulates the expression of GhAOC2 in anthers, reducing JA biosynthesis and causing excessive ROS accumulation in anthers, leading to male sterility. These findings suggest exogenous JA application as a strategy for increasing male fertility in cotton under HT.

CRISPR/Cas-等温扩增技术在食源性病原菌检测中的研究进展

食源性病原菌引起的食品安全事件引起广泛关注,为保证食品安全,采取有效的检测手段至关重要。新兴的簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)及其关联蛋白(CRISPR-associated protein,Cas)组成的CRISPR/Cas系统是广泛存在于细菌和古细菌中的一种获得性免疫系统,可高效、特异性识别并切割外源核酸,与传统技术相比在检测病原菌方面更为高效。本文基于CRISPR/Cas生物传感系统-等温扩增技术联用的相关研究进行综述,对CRISPR/Cas系统的分类、原理以及与等温扩增耦合后在食源性病原菌检测方面的研究进展进行概述,并对其在即时检测应用中的前景以及所面临的挑战进行深入探讨,以期为CRISPR/Cas生物传感系统的进一步发展提供参考。

Effect of Cholic Acid on Fetal Cardiac Myocytes in Intrahepatic Choliestasis of Pregnancy

This study examined the effect of cholic acid （CA） on cultured cardiac myoeytes （CMs） from neonatal rats with an attempt to explore the possible mechanism of sudden fetal death in intra- hepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP）. Inverted microscopy was performed to detect the impact of CA on the beating rates of rat CMs. MTT method was used to study the effect of CA on the viability of CMs. CMs cultured in vitro were incubated with 10 ~maol/L Ca2＋-sensitive fluorescence indicator fluo-3/AM. The fluorescence signals of free calcium induced by CA were measured under a laser scanning confocal microscope. The results showed that CA decreased the beating rates of the CMs in a dose-dependent manner. CA could suppress the activities of CMs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. CA increased the concentration of intracellular free calcium in a dose-dependent manner. Our study suggested that CA could inhibit the activity of CMs by causing calcium overload, thereby leading to the sudden fetal death in ICP.

Study on the mechanism of cholic acid derivatives in traditional Chinese medicine based on the regulation of gene expression

Objective:To investigate the pharmacological action and mechanism of cholic acid derivatives in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)based on the regulation of gene expression.Methods:Genome-wide gene expression profiles of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7(MCF-7)cells treated with or without 4 cholic acid derivatives were detected by gene chip technology.Similarities in upregulated and downregulated genes were analyzed using the Connectivity Map(CMap)database.The affinity between cholic acid derivatives and the potential target was confirmed by molecular docking.The cholic acid derivative-regulated pathway enrichment analysis was performed by the STRING database,and the potential pathway was confirmed by in vitro experiments on MD Anderson-Metastatic Breast-231(MDA-MB-231)cells.Results:Compared with the reference genome in the CMap database,the gene expression profiles of cholic acid derivatives were similar to those of antipsychotic,anticancer,anti-inflammatory,and antiinfective drugs.Among them,4 derivatives were associated with antianxiety drugs,and molecular docking results showed that these compounds may act by binding to the ligand-binding site of gammaaminobutyric acid(GABA)receptors.Moreover,the cytoskeletal pathway is one of the pathways enriched in the derivatives.Of them,ursodeoxycholic acid showed significant inhibitory activity on the cytoskeleton formation of MDA-MB-231 cells.Conclusion:The gene expression detection method,combined with CMap and pathway enrichment analysis,could be used to study the mechanism of the active ingredients of TCM.In addition,our research showed that cholic acid derivatives have a potential affinity for membrane receptors,where they can exert anxiolytic activity by modulating opioid receptor,GABA receptor,and dopamine receptor.Moreover,ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid inhibit cytoskeleton formation,probably by acting on membrane proteins to activate the corresponding cytoskeletal pathways.

CRISPR-Cas系统在病原核酸检测中的研究进展

CRISPR-Cas系统作为原核生物获得性免疫系统,由簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)和CRISPR相关蛋白(CRISPR-associated proteins,Cas)构成,因其识别和切割特定DNA或RNA序列,而成为分子诊断领域研究的热点。研究人员利用Cas蛋白(Cas12、Cas13、Cas14、Cas3等)结合信号放大和转化技术(荧光法、电位法、比色法、侧向流动技术等),开发了许多高灵敏度、高特异性、低成本的诊断平台,为病原核酸检测提供了新途径。本文介绍了CRISPR-Cas系统的生物学机制及分类,总结现有的基于Cas蛋白反式切割活性开发的病原核酸检测技术,描述其特点、功能和应用场景,并对该系统的未来应用前景进行展望,期望CRISPR-Cas系统成为包括核酸检测在内的多靶标的理想检测平台。

黄腐酸对Ca(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫下菜薹幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响

土壤次生盐渍化会严重影响菜薹的产量及品质,黄腐酸作为一种全水溶性的有机物质,对缓解植物盐胁迫具有积极作用。本研究以金秋红二号红菜薹为试验材料,探究在Ca(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫下外源施用黄腐酸对菜薹幼苗生长发育和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,与15 mmol/L Ca(NO_(3))_(2)(CK)相比,80 mmol/L Ca(NO_(3))_(2)处理显著抑制了菜薹的生长,而与80 mmol/L Ca(NO_(3))_(2)处理相比,80 mmol/L Ca(NO_(3))_(2)+100μmol/L黄腐酸处理可以显著缓解Ca(NO_(3))_(2)对菜薹的抑制作用,促进菜薹幼苗的生长,增加菜薹幼苗的净光合速率及气孔导度。同时与80 mmol/L Ca(NO_(3))_(2)处理相比,80 mmol/L Ca(NO_(3))_(2)+100μmol/L黄腐酸处理可以显著降低菜薹幼苗叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量,减少O_(2)·^(-)、H_(2)O_(2)的积累,增强抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸酶)活性。上述结果表明,外源施用黄腐酸可以通过提高菜薹的光合和抗氧化能力来缓解Ca(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫,本研究结果可为黄腐酸在缓解蔬菜盐胁迫中的应用提供理论依据。

CRISPR-Cas系统在病原微生物分子诊断中的研究进展

快速、灵敏、准确的病原微生物检测方法对感染性疾病的诊治及防控至关重要。基于成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)-CRISPR相关蛋白(Cas)系统的检测技术在病原微生物核酸检测中具有高灵敏度和高特异度的特点,该文概述了CRISPR-Cas系统的作用机制及不同Cas的核酸酶活性,总结了基于CISPR-Cas系统的检测技术在病原微生物核酸检测中的研究现状,对该系统在核酸检测应用中的挑战进行了综合分析,并提出了目前存在的一些解决方案。目前基于CRISPR-Cas系统的非核酸分析物检测仍处于前期研究阶段,但其在扩大检测范围、缩短检测时间、提高检测灵敏度等方面具有较大潜力,为开发基于CRISPR-Cas系统的病原微生物检测平台提供新思路。

The Synthesis and Anion Binding of Novel Cholic Acid-based Molecular Clefts Containing Unsymmetrically Disubstituted Urea Unit

A novel type of chiral molecular clefts consisting of a rigid deoxycholic acid methyl ester backbone and chiral unsymmetrically disubstituted urea side chain have been designed and synthesized. All these new receptors 3a^c and the corresponding key intermediates 1a^c and 2a^c are new compounds, their structures were confirmed by 1HNMR, IR, MS spectra and elemental analysis. These molecular clefts showed binding ability for halide anions.

Effects of Calcium and Magnesium on Phosphorus Availability in Ferralsols and Rice Production in Forest Zones of Côte d’Ivoire

Phosphorus bioavailability has long been a recurring problem in tropical acid soils. A pot experiment was carried out during three (3) successive rice production cycles at Adiopodoumé to evaluate the response of the NERICA 5 rice accession to various doses of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous. The experiment was conducted using a randomized split-plot design. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Ca·ha-1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Mg·ha-1) and Togo natural phosphate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·P·ha-1) were determined at each production cycle. The results showed that single-dose natural phosphate supplementation for three cropping cycles resulted in an average enrichment of around 2 mg·P·kg-1 after each trial following its continuous dissolution, with an increase in DSP (33.31% to 70.52%). The study revealed one strategy for managing and enhancing native P with cations and another for exogenous P: there would be a synergy of Ca/Mg on native P, whereas an antagonism would characterize the two parameters in phosphate fertilization.

Pv-aCO_(2)/Ca-vO_(2)评估体外循环心脏手术后乳酸清除的研究

目的:分析体外循环(CPB)心脏手术后静-动脉血二氧化碳分压差(Pv-aCO_(2))/动-静脉血氧含量差(Ca-vO_(2))比值与乳酸清除的关系,评估Pv-aCO_(2)/Ca-vO_(2)在CPB心脏手术后指导乳酸清除治疗的价值。方法:选择CPB心脏术后病人119例,术后转入ICU时和术后3 h分别送检中心静脉、动脉血气分析,计算相应Pv-aCO_(2)/Ca-vO_(2)比值。收集病人一般资料、血流动力学指标、氧代谢指标、乳酸、外周灌注指数(PI)、脉压差变异率(PPV)、序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)、血管活性药物剂量等相关数据,计算3 h乳酸清除率(LCR),并根据3 h LCR,将病人分为LCR<10%组21例和LCR≥10%组98例,比较2组病人血流动力学指标、氧代谢指标、PI、PPV和Pv-aCO_(2)/Ca-vO_(2)等。结果:2组病人性别、体温、SOFA评分、PH、PI、PPV、血红蛋白、去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素剂量及血流动力学参数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后入ICU即刻,LCR≥10%组Pv-aCO_(2)/Ca-vO_(2)低于LCR<10%组(P<0.05);术后3 h,LCR≥10%组动脉血乳酸明显低于LCR<10%组(P<0.01)。结论:CPB心脏手术后,Pv-aCO_(2)/Ca-vO_(2)可用于辅助指导病人术后乳酸清除,较低的Pv-aCO_(2)/Ca-vO_(2)有利于术后乳酸清除。

Pb-Ca合金板栅电池早期容量衰减的原因

Pb-Ca合金在阀控式铅酸(VRLA)电池中应用广泛。针对Pb-Ca合金浇铸板栅电池的早期容量衰减问题进行研究。用同批次Pb-Ca合金极板,制作不同加酸化成工艺的电池,进行循环测试。充电电流小的电池发生了早期容量衰减,而大电流充电的电池循环性能正常。对发生早期容量衰减的电池进行分析,发现板栅腐蚀界面生成的硫酸铅晶体阻挡层是导致电池发生早期容量衰减的主要原因。提高电池的充电效率,如添加电解液添加剂、化成前对电池反充、增大充电电流等,可以使硫酸铅得以转化,能较好地避免电池发生早期容量衰减。

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对cyclopiazoni cacid引起的大鼠主动脉血管环收缩效应的影响

目的 探讨酪氨酸激酶在Ca2 +池操纵性Ca2 +内流中的作用。方法 记录大鼠胸主动脉环收缩反应。结果 ①不同剂量酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 genistein (1～ 10 0 μmol·L-1)和tyrphostin 2 5 (Tyr 2 5 ,1～ 30 μmol·L-1)均以浓度依赖性抑制cyclopiazonicacid (CPA)引起的平滑肌收缩平台期。Tyr 2 5的最大作用浓度为 10 μmol·L-1,抑制率为 42 %±11%。② 10 μmol·L-1Tyr 2 5和 1μmol·L-1nifedipine(Nif)对CPA引起电压依赖性Ca2 +通道 (VDCC)开放过程的抑制作用存在部分交叉。③ 1μmol·L-1Nif预处理阻断VDCC作用后 ,10 μmol·L-1Tyr 2 5只能部分阻断CPA引起的Ca2 +池操纵性Ca2 +通道 (SOCC)开放过程 ,再加入 6 0 μmol·L-1SK&F96 36 5可完全阻断SOCC的开放过程。结论 CPA引起平滑肌的收缩过程中 。

Effects of Calcium and Jasmonic Acid on CBF Expression in Spinach

[Objective] This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of calcium and Jasmonic acid（JA） on the expression of CBF in spinach. [Methods] The seedlings of spinach were treated with low temperature （4 ℃）, JA or A23187, then used for detecting the expression of CBF by northern blotting. [Results] The results showed that the CBF expression was regulated by low temperature and JA positively. [Conclusions] Low temperature may increase the JA content of the cell firstly, then JA induced the increase of cytosolic calcium concentration （[Ca2＋]cyt）, and the JA induced Ca2＋ transmitted the low temperature signal through CaM or CaM related proteins, regulating the CBF expression.

CRISPR-Cas13a检测在肺结核诊断中的价值

目的:评价应用CRISPR-Cas13a检测临床样本对肺结核的诊断价值。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,收集首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院2022年9月至2022年12月收治住院的102例经GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测(简称“Xpert检测”)确诊的肺结核患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液标本,作为结核病组;收集同期收治入院的100例非结核病患者(包括肺癌,细菌性肺炎,支气管扩张,慢性阻塞性肺疾病)的支气管肺泡灌洗液标本,作为非结核病组。所有患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液标本均进行涂片抗酸杆菌染色镜检、培养、Xpert检测及CRISPR-Cas13a检测。以Xpert检测结果为参照,评价CRISPR-Cas13a检测支气管肺泡灌洗液对肺结核的诊断价值。结果:结核病组102份标本中,CRISPR-Cas13a检测阳性为99份(97.1%),涂片阳性40份(39.2%),培养阳性68份(66.7%)。CRISPR-Cas13a检测阳性率明显高于涂片和培养法,差异有统计学意义(涂片:χ^(2)=58.141,P<0.001;培养:χ^(2)=30.250,P<0.001)。与传统检测方法相比,CRISPR-Cas13a比涂片和培养法多检测出28份标本。Xpert检测结核病组阳性率为100.0%;Xpert检测非结核病组阴性率为100.0%。以Xpert检测结果作为参照,CRISPR-Cas13a检测肺结核的敏感度为97.1%(99/102)、特异度为96.0%(96/100),准确度为96.5%(195/202),阳性预测值为96.1%(99/103),阴性预测值为97.0%(96/99)。结论:CRISPR-Cas13a检测与传统方法相比简单、快捷,检测支气管肺泡灌洗液对肺结核的诊断具有较高敏感度及特异度,具有良好的应用前景。

IP_3 Sensitive Calcium Channel Involved in the Jasmonic Acid Induced Calcium Mobilization

[Objective] This study was to investigate the role of IP3 sensitive calcium channel in the JA-induced calcium mobilization pathway.[Method] Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were labeled by Fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM under low temperature at 4 ℃ to measure the fluorescent intensity of intracellular Ca2＋ which was pretreated with heparin on jasmonic acid（JA）-induced.[Results] When A.thaliana leaf cells were pretreated with 10,50 or 100 ng/ml heparin,intercellular free Ca2＋ fluorescence intensity was reduced in comparison with negative control.Once the heparin-pretreated A.thaliana leaf cells were stimulated with 100 μmol/L JA,intercellular Ca2＋ fluorescence intensity increased gradually and tended to be stable at a degree equivalent with that in negative control.[Conclusion] The experiment showed that the pretreatment with heparin could inhibit the increase of the intracellular Ca2＋ concentration significantly which JA-induced in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana.

不同饱和度十八碳脂肪酸钠作为捕收剂浮选Ca^(2+)活化石英

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。以不同饱和度硬脂酸钠,油酸钠,亚油酸钠为捕收剂对Ca^(2+)活化石英进行了浮选实验研究。浮选实验表明亚油酸钠对Ca^(2+)活化石英具有较好的捕收剂能力,油酸钠次之,而硬脂酸钠几乎没有捕收能力。通过Zeta电位、红外光谱、游离Ca^(2+)浓度测定,表面张力测定,对Ca^(2+)活化石英不同浮选行为的机理进行了研究。Zeta电位研究表明,亚油酸钠使Ca^(2+)活化石英表面电位向负方向移动较多,油酸钠次之,硬脂酸钠对石英表面电位改变较小;红外光谱测试表明,三种脂肪酸钠均能够与矿物表面Ca^(2+)反应生产脂肪酸钙,说明化学反应发生;三种脂肪酸钠与Ca^(2+)反应后溶液游离Ca^(2+)浓度测试和表面张力测试表明,三种脂肪酸钠抗硬水离子能力分别为亚油酸钠>油酸钠>硬脂酸钠。三种脂肪酸钠的抗硬水能力的差异性,以及由此而引起的矿物表面电位和溶液表面张力的差异性,是引起三种脂肪酸钠捕收能力差异性的原因。