Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which lysyl oxidase like 3(LOXL3)affects the autophagy in chondrocytes in osteoarthritis(OA),specifically through the activation of mammalian targe...Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which lysyl oxidase like 3(LOXL3)affects the autophagy in chondrocytes in osteoarthritis(OA),specifically through the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1).Methods To establish an OA model,rats underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT).Chondrocytes were isolated from cartilage tissues and cultured.Western blotting was performed to assess the expression of LOXL3,Rheb,phosphorylation of p70S6K(p-p70S6K,a downstream marker of mTORC1),and autophagy markers.The autophagy of chondrocytes was observed using an immunofluorescence assay.Results The expression levels of both LOXL3 and Rheb proteins were upregulated in chondrocytes isolated from the OA model cartilage,in comparison to those from the normal cartilage.The silencing of LOXL3 resulted in a decrease in the protein levels of Rheb and p-p70S6K,as well as an increase in the expression of autophagy-related proteins.Additionally,the effect of LOXL3 could be reversed through the silencing of Rheb.The results of the immunofluorescence assay confirmed the impact of LOXL3 and Rheb on chondrocyte autophagy.Conclusion LOXL3 inhibits chondrocyte autophagy by activating the Rheb and mTORC1 signaling pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Adeno-associated virus(AAV)gene therapy has been proven to be reliable and safe for the treatment of osteoarthritis in recent years.However,given the complexity of osteoarthritis pathogenesis,single gene ma...BACKGROUND:Adeno-associated virus(AAV)gene therapy has been proven to be reliable and safe for the treatment of osteoarthritis in recent years.However,given the complexity of osteoarthritis pathogenesis,single gene manipulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis may not produce satisfactory results.Previous studies have shown that nuclear factorκB could promote the inflammatory pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes,and bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)could promote cartilage regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To test whether combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 will yield the synergistic effect on chondrocytes regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.METHODS:Viral particles containing AAV-p65-shRNA and AAV-BMP4 were prepared.Their efficacy in inhibiting inflammation in chondrocytes and promoting chondrogenesis was assessed in vitro and in vivo by transfecting AAV-p65-shRNA or AAV-BMP4 into cells.The experiments were divided into five groups:PBS group;osteoarthritis group;AAV-BMP4 group;AAV-p65shRNA group;and BMP4-p65shRNA 1:1 group.Samples were collected at 4,12,and 24 weeks postoperatively.Tissue staining,including safranin O and Alcian blue,was applied after collecting articular tissue.Then,the optimal ratio between the two types of transfected viral particles was further investigated to improve the chondrogenic potential of mixed cells in vivo.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 together showed a synergistic effect on cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.Mixed cells transfected with AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 at a 1:1 ratio produced the most extracellular matrix synthesis(P<0.05).In vivo results also revealed that the combination of the two viruses had the highest regenerative potential for osteoarthritic cartilage(P<0.05).In the present study,we also discovered that the combined therapy had the maximum effect when the two viruses were administered in equal proportions.Decreasing either p65shRNA or BMP4 transfected cells resulted in less collagen II synthesis.This implies that inhibiting inflammation by p65shRNA and promoting regeneration by BMP4 are equally important for osteoarthritis treatment.These findings provide a new strategy for the treatment of early osteoarthritis by simultaneously inhibiting cartilage inflammation and promoting cartilage repair.展开更多
背景:有研究发现,软骨细胞铁死亡可作为重要的发病机制诱导骨关节炎的发生与发展。随着祖国医学的不断发展,有学者发现某些中药单体、中药复方等可通过多种作用机制抑制软骨细胞发生铁死亡,最终起到治疗骨关节炎的作用。目的:探讨铁死...背景:有研究发现,软骨细胞铁死亡可作为重要的发病机制诱导骨关节炎的发生与发展。随着祖国医学的不断发展,有学者发现某些中药单体、中药复方等可通过多种作用机制抑制软骨细胞发生铁死亡,最终起到治疗骨关节炎的作用。目的:探讨铁死亡与骨关节炎的关系及中医药干预铁死亡治疗骨关节炎的作用机制,以期为骨关节炎的治疗及预防提供新的思路。方法:以“铁死亡,骨关节炎,软骨细胞,脂质代谢,中医药,活性氧,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶”为中文检索词,以“osteoarthritis,ferroptosis,chondrocytes,lipid metabolism,traditional Chinese medicine,ROS,GPX4”为英文检索词,检索中国知网、PubMed、万方、维普等数据库,筛选各数据库建库至2022年铁死亡与骨关节炎及其中医药干预研究的相关文章,并进行系统的整理分析。结果与结论:①细胞内铁超载会引发脂质过氧化反应,造成活性氧积累,最终导致铁死亡的发生,而铁过量会加速软骨细胞凋亡,影响软骨细胞的稳态,进而诱导骨关节炎的发生。②氨基酸代谢异常时,谷氨酸与胱氨酸交换失衡,导致谷氨酸在细胞外积聚,进而导致谷胱甘肽被耗尽,间接抑制了铁死亡相关因子的功能,对铁死亡起到促进作用。③细胞脂质代谢异常时,细胞膜的重要组成部分不饱和脂肪酸失去双烯丙基氢原子,导致细胞被破坏诱发铁死亡,而脂质代谢与骨关节炎的发生发展密切相关。④中医药可以通过干预诱导铁死亡发生的相关机制对骨关节炎起到防治作用。目前对铁死亡的研究仍不成熟,继续深入研究其作用机制,有望为临床治疗骨关节炎开辟新途径。展开更多
目的研究芍药苷-6-氧-苯磺酸酯(CP-25)通过抑制GRK2活性对骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)小鼠膝关节软骨的保护作用。方法内侧半月板失稳(destabilization of the medial meniscus,DMM)手术诱导构建小鼠骨关节炎模型,实验分为假手术组、...目的研究芍药苷-6-氧-苯磺酸酯(CP-25)通过抑制GRK2活性对骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)小鼠膝关节软骨的保护作用。方法内侧半月板失稳(destabilization of the medial meniscus,DMM)手术诱导构建小鼠骨关节炎模型,实验分为假手术组、模型组、CP-25给药组和帕罗西汀给药组。术后开始灌胃给药。给药12周处死动物,Micro-CT成像观察膝关节软骨退变、骨重塑异常等情况,番红固绿染色观察小鼠关节组织病理,免疫组化、免疫荧光检测软骨组织相关分子表达水平的影响。Western blot检测CP-25用药后软骨细胞的膜蛋白及总蛋白表达水平。结果模型小鼠关节软骨严重退变。CP-25可显著降低关节软骨骨赘数量及软骨下板厚度,促进软骨基质再生,减少软骨基质降解蛋白表达,对膝关节软骨有明显的保护作用。免疫组化和免疫荧光结果显示,CP-25治疗可显著降低膝关节组织中GRK2、ADAMTS5、MMP13的表达,并且升高膝关节组织中ColⅡ、Aggrecan表达。体外实验结果表明,CP-25给药可以显著降低GRK2的膜蛋白及总蛋白表达水平,升高EP4膜蛋白水平,降低MMP13水平。结论CP-25给药可显著促进OA小鼠关节软骨基质再生,减少软骨基质降解,对OA具有治疗作用,其机制与抑制GRK2介导的软骨基质代谢有关。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81702187)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20202BAB206019)+4 种基金Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangxi Province(No.20224ACB216018)Scientific Talents Grants of Jiangxi Province(No.S2018LQCQ0800)Scientific Grants of Health Commission of Jiangxi Province(No.20194048)Scientific Innovation Talents Grants of Ganzhou(No.2019-60-08)Leading Talents Grants and Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ganzhou People’s Hospital(No.Bsqd2019003)and Academic leaders Program of Ganzhou Institutes of Health.
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which lysyl oxidase like 3(LOXL3)affects the autophagy in chondrocytes in osteoarthritis(OA),specifically through the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1).Methods To establish an OA model,rats underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT).Chondrocytes were isolated from cartilage tissues and cultured.Western blotting was performed to assess the expression of LOXL3,Rheb,phosphorylation of p70S6K(p-p70S6K,a downstream marker of mTORC1),and autophagy markers.The autophagy of chondrocytes was observed using an immunofluorescence assay.Results The expression levels of both LOXL3 and Rheb proteins were upregulated in chondrocytes isolated from the OA model cartilage,in comparison to those from the normal cartilage.The silencing of LOXL3 resulted in a decrease in the protein levels of Rheb and p-p70S6K,as well as an increase in the expression of autophagy-related proteins.Additionally,the effect of LOXL3 could be reversed through the silencing of Rheb.The results of the immunofluorescence assay confirmed the impact of LOXL3 and Rheb on chondrocyte autophagy.Conclusion LOXL3 inhibits chondrocyte autophagy by activating the Rheb and mTORC1 signaling pathways.
文摘BACKGROUND:Adeno-associated virus(AAV)gene therapy has been proven to be reliable and safe for the treatment of osteoarthritis in recent years.However,given the complexity of osteoarthritis pathogenesis,single gene manipulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis may not produce satisfactory results.Previous studies have shown that nuclear factorκB could promote the inflammatory pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes,and bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)could promote cartilage regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To test whether combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 will yield the synergistic effect on chondrocytes regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.METHODS:Viral particles containing AAV-p65-shRNA and AAV-BMP4 were prepared.Their efficacy in inhibiting inflammation in chondrocytes and promoting chondrogenesis was assessed in vitro and in vivo by transfecting AAV-p65-shRNA or AAV-BMP4 into cells.The experiments were divided into five groups:PBS group;osteoarthritis group;AAV-BMP4 group;AAV-p65shRNA group;and BMP4-p65shRNA 1:1 group.Samples were collected at 4,12,and 24 weeks postoperatively.Tissue staining,including safranin O and Alcian blue,was applied after collecting articular tissue.Then,the optimal ratio between the two types of transfected viral particles was further investigated to improve the chondrogenic potential of mixed cells in vivo.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 together showed a synergistic effect on cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.Mixed cells transfected with AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 at a 1:1 ratio produced the most extracellular matrix synthesis(P<0.05).In vivo results also revealed that the combination of the two viruses had the highest regenerative potential for osteoarthritic cartilage(P<0.05).In the present study,we also discovered that the combined therapy had the maximum effect when the two viruses were administered in equal proportions.Decreasing either p65shRNA or BMP4 transfected cells resulted in less collagen II synthesis.This implies that inhibiting inflammation by p65shRNA and promoting regeneration by BMP4 are equally important for osteoarthritis treatment.These findings provide a new strategy for the treatment of early osteoarthritis by simultaneously inhibiting cartilage inflammation and promoting cartilage repair.
文摘背景:有研究发现,软骨细胞铁死亡可作为重要的发病机制诱导骨关节炎的发生与发展。随着祖国医学的不断发展,有学者发现某些中药单体、中药复方等可通过多种作用机制抑制软骨细胞发生铁死亡,最终起到治疗骨关节炎的作用。目的:探讨铁死亡与骨关节炎的关系及中医药干预铁死亡治疗骨关节炎的作用机制,以期为骨关节炎的治疗及预防提供新的思路。方法:以“铁死亡,骨关节炎,软骨细胞,脂质代谢,中医药,活性氧,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶”为中文检索词,以“osteoarthritis,ferroptosis,chondrocytes,lipid metabolism,traditional Chinese medicine,ROS,GPX4”为英文检索词,检索中国知网、PubMed、万方、维普等数据库,筛选各数据库建库至2022年铁死亡与骨关节炎及其中医药干预研究的相关文章,并进行系统的整理分析。结果与结论:①细胞内铁超载会引发脂质过氧化反应,造成活性氧积累,最终导致铁死亡的发生,而铁过量会加速软骨细胞凋亡,影响软骨细胞的稳态,进而诱导骨关节炎的发生。②氨基酸代谢异常时,谷氨酸与胱氨酸交换失衡,导致谷氨酸在细胞外积聚,进而导致谷胱甘肽被耗尽,间接抑制了铁死亡相关因子的功能,对铁死亡起到促进作用。③细胞脂质代谢异常时,细胞膜的重要组成部分不饱和脂肪酸失去双烯丙基氢原子,导致细胞被破坏诱发铁死亡,而脂质代谢与骨关节炎的发生发展密切相关。④中医药可以通过干预诱导铁死亡发生的相关机制对骨关节炎起到防治作用。目前对铁死亡的研究仍不成熟,继续深入研究其作用机制,有望为临床治疗骨关节炎开辟新途径。
文摘目的研究芍药苷-6-氧-苯磺酸酯(CP-25)通过抑制GRK2活性对骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)小鼠膝关节软骨的保护作用。方法内侧半月板失稳(destabilization of the medial meniscus,DMM)手术诱导构建小鼠骨关节炎模型,实验分为假手术组、模型组、CP-25给药组和帕罗西汀给药组。术后开始灌胃给药。给药12周处死动物,Micro-CT成像观察膝关节软骨退变、骨重塑异常等情况,番红固绿染色观察小鼠关节组织病理,免疫组化、免疫荧光检测软骨组织相关分子表达水平的影响。Western blot检测CP-25用药后软骨细胞的膜蛋白及总蛋白表达水平。结果模型小鼠关节软骨严重退变。CP-25可显著降低关节软骨骨赘数量及软骨下板厚度,促进软骨基质再生,减少软骨基质降解蛋白表达,对膝关节软骨有明显的保护作用。免疫组化和免疫荧光结果显示,CP-25治疗可显著降低膝关节组织中GRK2、ADAMTS5、MMP13的表达,并且升高膝关节组织中ColⅡ、Aggrecan表达。体外实验结果表明,CP-25给药可以显著降低GRK2的膜蛋白及总蛋白表达水平,升高EP4膜蛋白水平,降低MMP13水平。结论CP-25给药可显著促进OA小鼠关节软骨基质再生,减少软骨基质降解,对OA具有治疗作用,其机制与抑制GRK2介导的软骨基质代谢有关。