Chorea-acanthocytosis(ChAc)is the most common subtype of neuroacanthocytosis syndrome,characterized by the presence of acanthocytes and neurological disorders.It is thought to be caused by VPS13A mutations.Characteris...Chorea-acanthocytosis(ChAc)is the most common subtype of neuroacanthocytosis syndrome,characterized by the presence of acanthocytes and neurological disorders.It is thought to be caused by VPS13A mutations.Characteristic movement disorders in ChAc is choreiform movements affecting both trunk and extremities and prominent orolingual dyskinesia is pathognomonic.Acanthocytosis in peripheral blood smear,elevated serum creatine kinase and atrophy of heads of caudate nuclei and dilation of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricles in magnetic resonance imaging could assist the diagnosis of ChAc.Botulinum toxin injection is a possible treatment for the typical orofacial dystonia.Deep brain stimulation is a novel surgical treatment modality.Most cases chose globus pallidus internus as target.Patients with dystonia as a major manifestation will benefit more from high-frequency stimulation and those with major findings of chorea and dysarthria are suitable for low-frequency stimulation.More evidence of long-term outcomes is warranted.展开更多
为探索chac1基因(ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1)在早期胚胎发育中的功能,本研究以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)为研究对象首先分析了斑马鱼Chac1蛋白的序列特征并用qRT-PCR检测了chac1在斑马鱼胚胎不同发育阶段...为探索chac1基因(ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1)在早期胚胎发育中的功能,本研究以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)为研究对象首先分析了斑马鱼Chac1蛋白的序列特征并用qRT-PCR检测了chac1在斑马鱼胚胎不同发育阶段和成鱼不同组织中的表达模式,通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在chac1基因的三个外显子上设计了3条sgRNA并通过测序及qRT-PCR检测其敲除效率。苏丹黑染色3 dpf(days post fertilization)野生型和chac1突变型斑马鱼幼鱼的中性粒细胞数量;qRT-PCR检测突变斑马鱼髓系造血相关因子。结果显示:chac1是母源基因,在受精后0~3 hpf(hours post fertilization)时其表达量较高,之后随着母本基因的影响逐渐变小,chac1的mRNA表达量下降;在斑马鱼成鱼中,其在肌肉、卵巢、脑中高表达;此外,突变型斑马鱼较野生型斑马鱼相比,其苏丹黑染色阳性信号更多;chac1突变后髓系造血转录调控因子pu.1的mRNA水平上调。综上,chac1为母源基因,其缺失会促进早期中性粒细胞的发育并伴随着髓系造血转录调控因子pu.1的上调。展开更多
Neuroacanthocytosis is an autosomal recessive or dominant inherited disease characterized by widespread, non-specific nervous system symptoms, or spiculated ＂acanthocytic＂ red blood cells. The clinical manifestation...Neuroacanthocytosis is an autosomal recessive or dominant inherited disease characterized by widespread, non-specific nervous system symptoms, or spiculated ＂acanthocytic＂ red blood cells. The clinical manifestations typically involve chorea and dystonia, or a range of other movement disorders. Psychiatric and cognitive symptoms may also be present. The two core neuroacanthocytosis syndromes, in which acanthocytosis is atypical, are autosomal recessive chorea-acanthocytosis and X-linked McLeod syndrome. Acanthocytes are found in a smaller proportion of patients with Huntington＇s disease-like 2 and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. Because the clinical manifestations are diverse and complicated, in this review we present features of inheritance, age of onset, neuroimaging and laboratory findings, as well as the spectrum of central and peripheral neurological abnormalities and extraneuronal involvement to help distinguish the four specific syndromes.展开更多
文摘Chorea-acanthocytosis(ChAc)is the most common subtype of neuroacanthocytosis syndrome,characterized by the presence of acanthocytes and neurological disorders.It is thought to be caused by VPS13A mutations.Characteristic movement disorders in ChAc is choreiform movements affecting both trunk and extremities and prominent orolingual dyskinesia is pathognomonic.Acanthocytosis in peripheral blood smear,elevated serum creatine kinase and atrophy of heads of caudate nuclei and dilation of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricles in magnetic resonance imaging could assist the diagnosis of ChAc.Botulinum toxin injection is a possible treatment for the typical orofacial dystonia.Deep brain stimulation is a novel surgical treatment modality.Most cases chose globus pallidus internus as target.Patients with dystonia as a major manifestation will benefit more from high-frequency stimulation and those with major findings of chorea and dysarthria are suitable for low-frequency stimulation.More evidence of long-term outcomes is warranted.
文摘为探索chac1基因(ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1)在早期胚胎发育中的功能,本研究以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)为研究对象首先分析了斑马鱼Chac1蛋白的序列特征并用qRT-PCR检测了chac1在斑马鱼胚胎不同发育阶段和成鱼不同组织中的表达模式,通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在chac1基因的三个外显子上设计了3条sgRNA并通过测序及qRT-PCR检测其敲除效率。苏丹黑染色3 dpf(days post fertilization)野生型和chac1突变型斑马鱼幼鱼的中性粒细胞数量;qRT-PCR检测突变斑马鱼髓系造血相关因子。结果显示:chac1是母源基因,在受精后0~3 hpf(hours post fertilization)时其表达量较高,之后随着母本基因的影响逐渐变小,chac1的mRNA表达量下降;在斑马鱼成鱼中,其在肌肉、卵巢、脑中高表达;此外,突变型斑马鱼较野生型斑马鱼相比,其苏丹黑染色阳性信号更多;chac1突变后髓系造血转录调控因子pu.1的mRNA水平上调。综上,chac1为母源基因,其缺失会促进早期中性粒细胞的发育并伴随着髓系造血转录调控因子pu.1的上调。
文摘Neuroacanthocytosis is an autosomal recessive or dominant inherited disease characterized by widespread, non-specific nervous system symptoms, or spiculated ＂acanthocytic＂ red blood cells. The clinical manifestations typically involve chorea and dystonia, or a range of other movement disorders. Psychiatric and cognitive symptoms may also be present. The two core neuroacanthocytosis syndromes, in which acanthocytosis is atypical, are autosomal recessive chorea-acanthocytosis and X-linked McLeod syndrome. Acanthocytes are found in a smaller proportion of patients with Huntington＇s disease-like 2 and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. Because the clinical manifestations are diverse and complicated, in this review we present features of inheritance, age of onset, neuroimaging and laboratory findings, as well as the spectrum of central and peripheral neurological abnormalities and extraneuronal involvement to help distinguish the four specific syndromes.
