Three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness in fellow eyes of acute and chronic primary angle-closure using swept-source optical coherence tomography

AIM:To compare the three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and choroidal thickness between fellow eyes of acute primary angle-closure(F-APAC)and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma(F-CPACG)and the eyes of normal controls.METHODS:This study included 37 patients with unilateral APAC,37 with asymmetric CPACG without prior treatment,and 36 healthy participants.Using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness and three-dimensional CVI were measured and compared globally and sectorally.Pearson’s correlation analysis and multivariate regression models were used to evaluate choroidal thickness or CVI with related factors.RESULTS:The mean subfoveal CVIs were 0.35±0.10,0.33±0.09,and 0.29±0.04,and the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness were 315.62±52.92,306.22±59.29,and 262.69±45.55μm in the F-APAC,F-CPACG,and normal groups,respectively.All macular sectors showed significantly higher CVIs and choroidal thickness in the F-APAC and F-CPACG eyes than in the normal eyes(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between the F-APAC and F-CPACG eyes.In the peripapillary region,the mean overall CVIs were 0.21±0.08,0.20±0.08,and 0.19±0.05,and the mean overall choroidal thickness were 180.45±54.18,174.82±50.67,and 176.18±37.94μm in the F-APAC,F-CPACG,and normal groups,respectively.There were no significant differences between any of the two groups in all peripapillary sectors.Younger age,shorter axial length,and the F-APAC or F-CPACG diagnosis were significantly associated with higher subfoveal CVI and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The fellow eyes of unilateral APAC or asymmetric CPACG have higher macular CVI and choroidal thickness than those of the normal controls.Neither CVI nor choroidal thickness can distinguish between eyes predisposed to APAC or CPACG.A thicker choroid with a higher vascular volume may play a role in the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Choroidal structural changes determined by the binarization method after intravitreal aflibercept treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

AIM:To assess the choroidal structural alterations after intravitreal injection of aflibercept in neovascular agerelated macular degeneration(n AMD).METHODS:Fifty eyes with treatment-naive n AMD were evaluated at baseline,3^(rd),and 12^(th) month.Fifty eyes of 50 healthy subjects were also included as controls.Choroidal thickness(CT)was measured in the subfoveal region.Total circumscribed choroidal area(CA),luminal area(LA),stromal area(SA),and choroidal vascularity index(CVI)was calculated using Image J.RESULTS:At baseline,subfoveal CT was increased in n AMD patients compared to controls(P=0.321).Eyes with n AMD had a significantly increased total circumscribed CA and SA(P=0.041,0.005,respectively).The CVI was decreased(P=0.038).In the 3^(rd) month,the subfoveal CT,LA,and CVI revealed a decrease(P=0.005,P=0.039,0.043,respectively).In the 12th month,subfoveal CT,LA,and CVI were decreased in comparison to baseline measures(P<0.001,0.006,0.010,respectively).CONCLUSION:Significant structural alterations are found after intravitreal aflibercept treatment during the 12-month follow-up,in particular at the third month,in eyes with n AMD.

Choroidal vascularity index in thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy:a crosssectional study

Background:Hemodynamic changes have been observed in patients with Graves'disease.The aim of our study was to evaluate choroidal vascular change using the choroidal vascularity index(CVi)in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).Methods:In this cross-sectional observational study,40 patients affected by TAO were recruited.Forty healthy individuals,matched for age and sex,served as controls.Foveal enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography scans were obtained from all participants.Images were binarized using the ImageJ software and luminal area(LA)and total choroidal area(TCA)were measured.CVI was calculated as the proportion of LA to TCA.The relation between CVI or subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)and clinical activity score,exophthalmometric value,diplopia status,gender,and age was evaluated.Results:CVI was significantly higher in patients with TAO(P=0.004).No significant difference was observed in SFCT(P=0.200)and TCA(P=0.153)comparing TAO patients and healthy controls.LA was significantly higher in TAO group(P=0.045).On multiple regression analysis,CVI was associated with TCA(P=0.043).No association Was found between SFCT or CVI and TCA,clinical activity score,exophthalmometric value,Inami value,diplopia status,genderorage(P>0.05).Conclusions:This is the first study that has demonstrated an increase in CVI in eyes with TAO compared with healthy controls and has assessed its association with clinical features.

Choroidal vascularity index in thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy:a crosssectional study

Background:Hemodynamic changes have been observed in patients with Graves’disease.The aim of our study was to evaluate choroidal vascular change using the choroidal vascularity index(CVI)in patients with thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy(TAO).Methods:In this cross-sectional observational study,40 patients affected by TAO were recruited.Forty healthy individuals,matched for age and sex,served as controls.Foveal enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography scans were obtained from all participants.Images were binarized using the ImageJ software and luminal area(LA)and total choroidal area(TCA)were measured.CVI was calculated as the proportion of LA to TCA.The relation between CVI or subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)and clinical activity score,exophthalmometric value,diplopia status,gender,and age was evaluated.Results:CVI was significantly higher in patients with TAO(P=0.004).No significant difference was observed in SFCT(P=0.200)and TCA(P=0.153)comparing TAO patients and healthy controls.LA was significantly higher in TAO group(P=0.045).On multiple regression analysis,CVI was associated with TCA(P=0.043).No association was found between SFCT or CVI and TCA,clinical activity score,exophthalmometric value,Inami value,diplopia status,gender or age(P>0.05).Conclusions:This is the first study that has demonstrated an increase in CVI in eyes with TAO compared with healthy controls and has assessed its association with clinical features.