自动固相微萃取(SPM E)GC-MS、GC-MS-MS法检测环境水中有机磷杀虫剂的研究

固相微萃取(solid-phase microextraction,SPME)是20世纪90年代发展起来的一种样品前处理技术,与传统的液-液提取、液-固提取相比,SPME更适用于提取、浓缩液态或气态的挥发性和半挥发性物质,SPME技术可将采样、萃取、浓缩和样本引入集中于一个步骤完成,尤其随着自动SPME与GC-MS等联用技术的日益完善,使SPME技术优点得到更充分的发挥.……

Overview on metabolomics in traditional Chinese medicine

Metabolomics has been widely used in the modern research of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. At the same time, the world is increasingly concerned about TCM, and many studies have been conducted to investigate different aspects of TCM. Among these studies, metabolomic approach has been implemented to facilitate TCM development. The current methods for TCM research are diverse, including nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. Using these techniques, some advantageous results have been obtained in the studies of TCM, such as diagnosis and treatment, quality control, and mechanisms of action. It is believed that the further development of metabo-lomic analytical techniques is benefcial to the modernization of TCM. This review summarizes potential applications of metabolomics in the area of TCM. Guidelines for good practice for the application of metabolomics in TCM research are also proposed, and the special role of metabolomics in TCM is highlighted.

Rapid determination of volatile constituents in safflower from Xinjiang and Henan by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction and GC-MS

The total volatile components were extracted from safflower by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction （USE） and their chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry （GC-MS） to provide scientific basis for the quality control of safflower. Five different solvents （diethyl ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and acetone） were used and compared in terms of number of volatile components extracted and the peak areas of these components in TIC. The results showed that USE could be used as an efficient and rapid method for extracting the volatile components from safflower. It also could be found that the number of components in the TIC of ethyl acetate extract was more than that in the TIC of other solvent ones. Meanwhile, the volatile components of safflower from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China were different in chemical components and relative contents. It could be concluded that both the extraction solvents and geographical origin of safflower are responsible for these differences. The experimental results also indicated that USE/GC-MS is a simple, rapid and effective method to analyze the volatile oil components of safflower.

Rapid determination of pesticide residues in Chinese materia medica using QuEChERS sample preparation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Pesticide residue analysis plays an important role in the quality control of Chinese materia medica.This paper reports the development and validation of an analytical method for the quantitative determination of the residues of 39 pesticides in 12 different matrices of Chinese materia medica.Sample preparation utilized the QuEChERS method with acetonitrile:1% aqueous acetic acid(9:1,v/v)as extraction solvent followed by sample clean-up by dispersive solid phase extraction using primary secondary amine sorbent and graphitized carbon black.Extracts were then analysed by gas chromatography coupled with electron impact mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode.Limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantitation(LOQ)values were in the ranges 0.5-50 ng/g and 1-100 ng/g,respectively.The recoveries of the 39 pesticides were in the range 75-112% with precision(as relative standard deviation,RSD)<15%.The results show that the modified QuEChERS method allows rapid and sensitive analysis of multiple pesticide residues in Chinese materia medica.

Hypoglycemic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and its mechanism prediction based on network pharmacology

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,which poses a serious threat to human health.Moringa oleifera Lam.is a medicinal and edible plant with various physiological functions.However,its main hypoglycemic components and mechanisms are still unclear.In this study,network pharmacology and bioinformatics were used to analyze the potential bioactive substances of M.oleifera leaf extract(MOLE)and its hypoglycemic mechanism.Studies have shown that MOLE has the effect of increasing glucose consumption in insulin resistant-HepG2 cells.MOLE was found to contain 975 compounds by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS).Network pharmacology analysis indicated that the main active component was robinetin and the identified core genes were AKT1 and GAPDH.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the hypoglycemic effect of MOLE may be closely related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.This study revealed the possible active components and mechanisms of action of M.oleifera for hypoglycemia,laying the theoretical foundation for subsequent studies.

Advances in quantitative proteomics

Large-scale protein quantification has become a major proteomics application in many areas of biological and medical research.During the past years,different techniques have been developed,including gel-based such as differential in-gel electrophoresis(DIGE)and liquid chromatography-based such as isotope labeling and labelfree quantification.These quantitative proteomics tools hold significant promise for biomarker discovery,diagnostic and therapeutic applications.They are also important for research in functional genomics and systems biology towards basic understanding of molecular networks and pathway interactions.In this review,we summarize current technologies in quantitative proteomics and discuss recent applications of the technologies.