Sodium Nitrate Passivation as a Novel Insulation Technology for Soft Magnetic Composites

Sodium nitrate passivation has been developed as a new insulation technology for the production of FeSiAl soft magnetic composites (SMCs). In this work, the evolution of coating layers grown at different pH values is investigated involving analyses on their composition and microstructure. An insulation coating obtained using an acidic NaNO_(3) solution is found to contain Fe2O_(3), SiO_(2), Al2O_(3), and AlO(OH). The Fe2O_(3) transforms into Fe3O4 with weakened oxidizability of the NO_(3)– at an elevated pH, whereas an alkaline NaNO_(3) solution leads to the production of Al2O_(3), AlO(OH), and SiO_(2). Such growth is explained from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives and is correlated to the soft magnetic properties of the FeSiAl SMCs. Under tuned passivation conditions, optimal performance with an effective permeability of 97.2 and a core loss of 296.4 mW∙cm−3 is achieved at 50 kHz and 100 mT.

Ballistic design and testing of a composite armour reinforced by CNTs suitable for armoured vehicles

This paper is investigating the use of composite armour reinforced by nanomaterials, for the protection of light armoured(LAV) and medium armoured military vehicles(MAV), and the interaction between the composite materials and high-performance ballistic projectiles. Four armour materials, consisted of front hybrid fibre reinforced polymer cover layer, ceramic strike-face, fibre reinforced polymer intermediate layer and the metal matrix composite reinforced backplate, were manufactured and assembled by adhesive technology. The proposed laminated protection system is suitable for armoured ground vehicles;however, it could be used as armour on ground, air and naval platforms. The design of the protection system, including material selection and thickness, was elaborated depending on the performance requirements of Level 4 + STANAG 4569 military standard(projectile 14.5 mm × 114 mm API B32) and especially on a design philosophy which is analysed with the specifications. The backplate of this new composite is a hybrid material of Metal Matrix Composite(MMC) reinforced with carbon nanotubes(CNTs), manufactured with the use of powder metallurgy technique. The composite backplate material was morphologically, mechanically and chemically analysed. Results show that all plates are presenting high mechanical properties and ballistic characteristics, compared to commonly used armour plates. Real military ballistic tests according to AEP-STANAG 4569 were carried out for the total composite armour systems. After the ballistic tests, AA2024-CNT3 showed the best protection results, compared with the other plates(AA2024-CNT1 and AA2024-CNT2), with the projectile being unable to fully penetrate the composite plate.

In-situ interfacial passivation and self-adaptability synergistically stabilizing all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

The function of solid electrolytes and the composition of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)are highly significant for inhibiting the growth of Li dendrites.Herein,we report an in-situ interfacial passivation combined with self-adaptability strategy to reinforce Li_(0.33)La_(0.557)TiO_(3)(LLTO)-based solid-state batteries.Specifically,a functional SEI enriched with LiF/Li_(3)PO_(4) is formed by in-situ electrochemical conversion,which is greatly beneficial to improving interface compatibility and enhancing ion transport.While the polarized dielectric BaTiO_(3)-polyamic acid(BTO-PAA,BP)film greatly improves the Li-ion transport kinetics and homogenizes the Li deposition.As expected,the resulting electrolyte offers considerable ionic conductivity at room temperature(4.3 x 10~(-4)S cm^(-1))and appreciable electrochemical decomposition voltage(5.23 V)after electrochemical passivation.For Li-LiFePO_(4) batteries,it shows a high specific capacity of 153 mA h g^(-1)at 0.2C after 100 cycles and a long-term durability of 115 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 C after 800 cycles.Additionally,a stable Li plating/stripping can be achieved for more than 900 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2).The stabilization mechanisms are elucidated by ex-situ XRD,ex-situ XPS,and ex-situ FTIR techniques,and the corresponding results reveal that the interfacial passivation combined with polarization effect is an effective strategy for improving the electrochemical performance.The present study provides a deeper insight into the dynamic adjustment of electrode-electrolyte interfacial for solid-state lithium batteries.

Passively Q-switched Tm/Ho composite laser

We explored Q-switching mechanism for the newly proposed Tm/Ho composite laser via developing a hybrid resonator for separating the intra-cavity Tm laser modulated by the saturable absorber(SA).With a Cr:ZnSe SA,successful passively Q-switching process with the maximum average output power of 474 mW and the shortest pulse width of 145 ns were obtained at the pulse repetition frequency of 7.14 kHz,where dual wavelength oscillation in both 2090 nm and 2097 nm was observed.This work provides an effective way for a direct laser diode(LD)pumped Q-switched Ho laser,which is compact and accessible.Furthermore,the current SA could be replaced by the 2D materials with broadband saturable absorption such as topological insulators or transition-metal dichalcogenides for seeking novel PQS lasers.

Reparation and Performance Testing of Free Radical Photocurable Passivation Film Modified by Titanate Coupling Agent for Hot-plated Aluminum-zinc Steel Plate

To study the effect of free radical photocurable passivation film modified by titanate coupling agent for hot-plated aluminum-zinc plate,trimethylpropane triacrylate(TMPTA)and 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate were used as active diluents,a mixture of modified epoxy acrylate and modified polyester acrylate in a certain proportion was used as an oligomer,2-methyl-1-[4-(methylothyl)benzene]-2-morpholine acetone(907)was used as a free radical photoinitiator,isopropyl thioxanthone(ITX)was used as sensitizer,and bis(dioctyl phosphate acyl)titanate ethyltitanate acrylamide chelate(FD-812)was used as corrosion inhibitor modifier.After UV-curing,the passivation film was characterized by neutral salt spray test,electrochemical testing and other methods.The general performance of the passivation film may meet the requirements of downstream users of hot aluminum-zinc steel plate.The neutral salt spray test,electrochemical testing and microscopic surface morphology analysis of passivation film are in agreement.The introduction of titanate components may effectively promote the photocuring of free radicals.There have been few reports on the titanate coupling which is added to UV-curing coating formula.The titanate coupling agent contains acrylamide groups and terminal amine groups,acrylamide group has oligomer and crosslinking monomer,the terminal tertiary amine groups can provide hydrogen protons,reduce oxygen polymerization,and a phosphating film is formed on the surface of the metal substrate to improve the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coating.

就地固化联合复合地基对堆载邻近桩基的影响

路桥并线路基修筑引起既有桥桩产生挠曲、侧向位移,严重时可能会造成重大坍塌事故的发生。结合工程现场试验,针对道路施工对邻近桥桩影响问题提出就地固化联合复合地基加固新方法,联合数值模型分析就地固化深度、固化土弹性模量和复合地基相关因素对邻近桩基的保护效果。研究结果表明:搅拌桩加固影响深度为1.5倍桩长左右,素混凝土桩施工会对被动桩在0.75倍桩长左右处产生最大水平位移。就地固化(2.0 m)+水泥搅拌桩法(1.8 m)可极大减小被动桩浅层水平位移,保护桥桩的安全。当固化土水泥掺量为5%~7%、水泥搅拌桩水泥掺量为12%~18%时,提高水泥掺量对减小被动桩水平位移有着明显的作用。同时,将普通褥垫层水泥搅拌桩替换为就地固化+水泥搅拌桩复合地基,桩身最大负弯矩减小近16.6%。

星载海洋剖面多要素探测技术与系统研究

海洋立体结构信息是未来实现海洋透明与海洋强国的基础,针对海洋剖面探测能力不足的问题,以及星载海洋剖面多要素同源同域一体化探测空白,开展星载海洋剖面多要素探测技术与系统方案研究,提出新型激光主被动复合、能谱复用探测技术体制,面向未来星载应用,完成星载海洋剖面多要素探测载荷系统设计。其中,激光器谱段设计为486、532 nm多波长一体化最佳配比输出,光电接收探测系统选用1 m×5 m超大口径可折叠光栅主镜,经过仿真分析,探测系统可实现大洋水深100 m深度、温度、盐度以及后向散射系数等多要素同源探测能力,同等体积包络条件下,能量收集能力提升5倍。

三重热管理塑木复合板的制备及性能

塑木复合材料因其显著的性能优势,已被广泛应用于各领域。但户外用塑木复合板在夏季的表面温度过高,存在热舒适性差的问题。本文通过熔融共混/模压成型的工艺制备了一种可被动降温的辐射/反射/导热三重热管理功能的塑木复合板,以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基体,分别在面层和底层加入二氧化锆(ZrO2)和六方氮化硼(h-BN)以实现热量的三重调控。面层薄膜在太阳波段(0.3~2.3μm)和中红外大气窗口波段(8~13μm)的平均反射率和平均发射率分别达到82.6%和90.6%,加颜料后达到了48.7%的平均反射率和90.6%的平均发射率;底层塑木复合板的面内和垂直导热系数分别为1.89 W/(m·K)和1.71 W/(m·K)。双层复合后的三重热管理功能塑木复合板在户外和室内氙灯模拟测试中可分别达到7.2℃和15℃的温降效果,具有显著的散热优势,可广泛应用于户外塑木复合板的被动降温。

复合钝化剂对原位镉污染土壤的钝化效果及其对白菜镉富集的影响

探究复合钝化剂对原位镉(Cd)污染土壤的钝化效果及其对白菜吸收积累Cd的影响,为中轻度Cd污染农田土壤的治理修复提供科学依据。以赤泥+石灰+磷矿粉(T_(1))、赤泥+石灰+生物炭(T_(2))、石灰+腐殖酸+海泡石(T_(3))、海泡石+生物炭+赤泥(T_(4))、海泡石+生物炭+磷矿粉(T_(5))共5种复合钝化剂在原位Cd污染农田土壤中开展田间试验,研究5种复合钝化剂对耕作层土壤中各形态Cd含量、酶活性、微生物碳(MBC)、微生物氮(MBN)和白菜各部位吸收积累Cd的影响。结果表明:(1)5种复合钝化剂能不同程度提高土壤pH,降低耕作层土壤中Cd的有效性,T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理的土壤pH显著高于CK,T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理的土壤有效态Cd含量显著低于CK,在Cd的各个形态中,T_(5)处理的弱酸提取态Cd含量、可还原态Cd含量显著低于CK,而残渣态Cd含量显著高于CK;(2)T_(1)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理的土壤蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性分别比CK显著提高42.06%~152.46%、15.95%~26.48%,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)处理的脲酶活性比CK显著提高18.43%~35.19%,T_(3)、T_(4)处理的过氧化氢酶活性比CK显著提高18.78%~19.01%,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)处理的土壤MBC含量比CK显著提高31.83%~53.19%,T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)处理的土壤MBN含量比CK显著提高19.14%~59.89%;(3)不同处理对白菜各部位吸收积累Cd的影响有一定差异,与CK相比,T_(1)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理显著降低根部、茎部的Cd含量,5种处理均显著降低叶部的Cd含量,且白菜叶部富集、转运Cd的能力大于茎部和根部。综合钝化效果,T_(4)、T_(5)处理即海泡石+生物炭+赤泥(3∶5∶3)、海泡石+生物炭+磷矿粉(3∶5∶3)在原位钝化修复中轻度Cd污染农田土壤中的钝化效果较好,可有效降低植物对土壤重金属Cd的吸收。

二维复杂弹性空腔的边光滑有限元建模及分析

在弹性空腔结构上敷设被动约束层阻尼(passive constraint layer damping, PCLD)可达到减振降噪的效果,针对这类复杂结构建立了二维复合弹性空腔的边光滑有限元耦合动力学模型。其中,PCLD结构采用两节点四自由度的PCLD梁单元,声场采用边光滑有限元模型。以二维全敷设复合矩形空腔模型为数值算例,以精细网格下的有限元法结果作为参考解,对比研究了在相同背景网格下,边光滑有限元法和有限元法的频响结果,发现前者更接近参考解,说明同样的计算成本下,边光滑有限元法具有更高的精确性,特别是在中频计算中。最后,分析了PCLD结构对某汽车驾驶舱的降噪效果,以及黏弹层和约束层厚度参数的影响规律,发现黏弹层厚度增大,可一定程度上降低空腔噪声,而约束层厚度增大,并不能在整个频段得到很好的降噪效果。

Seismic passive earth resistance using modified pseudo-dynamic method

In earthquake prone areas, understanding of the seismic passive earth resistance is very important for the design of different geotechnical earth retaining structures. In this study, the limit equilibrium method is used for estimation of critical seismic passive earth resistance for an inclined wall supporting horizontal cohesionless backfill. A composite failure surface is considered in the present analysis. Seismic forces are computed assuming the backfill soil as a viscoelastic material overlying a rigid stratum and the rigid stratum is subjected to a harmonic shaking. The present method satisfies the boundary conditions. The amplification of acceleration depends on the properties of the backfill soil and on the characteristics of the input motion. The acceleration distribution along the depth of the backfill is found to be nonlinear in nature. The present study shows that the horizontal and vertical acceleration distribution in the backfill soil is not always in-phase for the critical value of the seismic passive earth pressure coefficient. The effect of different parameters on the seismic passive earth pressure is studied in detail. A comparison of the present method with other theories is also presented, which shows the merits of the present study.

SLM零件的磨粒流动辅助电化学复合抛光方法研究

针对增材制造金属零件表面质量较差的问题,提出一种磨粒流动辅助电化学复合抛光方法,在电解液中混入微小磨粒,使混合液在一定压力下流经工件表面,通过磨粒磨削和电化学溶解的复合作用改善工件表面质量。通过试验对比了纯磨粒磨削、纯电解加工和复合抛光的加工效果,分析了不同工艺参数对工件表面粗糙度和材料去除量的影响。试验结果表明:复合抛光方法能有效去除增材制造零件表面缺陷,改善其表面质量。通过选取合适的电压进行分阶段抛光,SLM工件的表面粗糙度由Ra8.162μm降至Ra1.226μm。

梯度碳纤维复合材料/铝合金复合多胞管斜压失稳研究

以碳纤维复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Plastic,CFRP)/铝合金复合多胞吸能管为研究对象,建立基于试验验证的高精度有限元模型,对比分析了CFRP/铝合金复合单胞管与多胞管在多角度斜向压缩工况下的动力学响应,阐明CFRP/铝合金复合多胞管的优缺点,解析CFRP与铝合金的吸能贡献机制。针对CFRP/铝合金多胞管大角度工况下的斜压失稳问题,提出一种基于CFRP梯度缠绕策略的失稳控制方法,明确了以CFRP正向梯度缠绕铝合金复合多胞管为基础构型的解决方案。通过对梯度厚度差值与梯度层数进行参数化研究,建立了高效精准的梯度设计策略,确保CFRP/铝合金复合多胞管在期望角度范围内始终保持稳定高效的变形模式,实现多工况综合耐撞性能的显著提升。研究成果为多材料轻质安全车身结构的耐撞性设计提供理论指导与共性技术支撑。

Passively mode-locked grown-together composite YVO_4 /Nd:YVO_4 crystal laser with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror under 880-nm direct pumping

A passively mode-locked grown-together composite YVO4/Nd：YV04 crystal laser is demonstrated with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror by 880-nm laser-diode direct pumping. Under the absorbed pump power of 24.9 W, a maximum output power of 10.5 W at the repetition rate of 77 MHz is obtained, corresponding to the optical-optical conversion efficiency of 42.1% and the slope efficiency of 53.4%. The pulse width measured is 33 ps at the output power of 10 W.

Vibration suppression of composite panel with variable angle tow design and inerter-based nonlinear energy sink

This study investigates the vibration transmission and suppression of a laminated composite panel with variable angle tow(VAT)designs and an attached inerter-based passive nonlinear energy sink.Based on analytical and numerical methodologies,the substructure technique is used to obtain a steady-state dynamic response and the results are verified by experimental and analytical methods.It is demonstrated that fiber orientation has a significant impact on the natural frequencies.The dynamic responses and energy transmission path characteristics are determined and evaluated by forced vibration analysis.The main vibration transmission paths inside the structure are displayed using power flow density vectors.It is demonstrated that the dynamic responses of the plate can be changed considerably by using various fiber placement schemes and passive suppression devices.In addition,it is indicated that the vibration transmission paths are significantly influenced by the tailored fiber angles for improved dynamic performance.Our investigation enhances the understanding of enhanced vibration suppression designs of variable-stiffness composite plates with attached passive devices.

High-peak-power passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr^(4+):YAG composite laser with multiple-beam output

We report on the design, realization, and output performance of a diode-pumped high-peak-power passively Q-switched Nd:YAG∕Cr^(4+):YAG composite medium monolithic laser with four-beam output. The energy of a laser pulse was higher than 3 m J with duration of 0.9 ns. The proposed system has the ability to choose independently the focus of each beam. Such a laser device can be used for multipoint ignition of an automobile gasoline engine, but could also be of interest for ignition in space propulsion or in turbulent conditions specific to aeronautics.

钝化液添加剂对镀锡板表面漆膜附着力的影响

通过孔隙率测试、计时电位(CP)分析、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析和附着力测试,研究了H2SO4、H_(2)SiF_(6)、Na_(2)SiF_(6)和NH_(4)F作为铬酸钝化液(含100 g/L CrO_(3))的添加剂对镀锡板表面孔隙率、镀锡层氧化程度、钝化膜组成及漆膜附着力的影响,并与铬酸盐(25 g/L Na_(2)Cr_(2)O_(7))钝化进行对比。结果表明,铬酸钝化液对镀锡板的钝化效果优于铬酸盐钝化液。采用100 g/L CrO_(3)+1 g/L NH_(4)F溶液钝化时,镀锡板的孔隙率最小,镀锡层中SnO2的含量最低,钝化膜中Cr2O3的质量分数最高、Cr(OH)_(3)的质量分数最低,漆膜附着力最佳。

玄武岩纤维复合材料被动网立柱抗弯性能研究

西南山区铁路沿线地形地貌极为复杂,高位崩塌落石异常发育,被动网、帘式网等防护系统应用广泛,传统的钢立柱防护网普遍存在立柱抗弯能力弱、质量重、施工难度大等缺点。针对上述技术难题,本文通过分析玄武岩纤维复合材料的最佳配合比,采用理论计算、三维有限元数值模拟及室内试验等手段,对比研究了传统钢立柱和玄武岩纤维复合材料立柱的抗弯刚度及重量。研究表明,复合材料基体材料体积分量应控制在25%~35%之间,立柱建议采用中空圆形结构,当圆截面外径为φ167、内径为φ141时,其抗弯刚度比传统的工字钢柱(18号)提高8倍以上,重量比传统工字钢柱减轻约50%。

基于超疏水表面的主被动复合防/除冰技术研究进展

介绍了光热、电加热、磁能、声波能与超疏水表面相结合的主被动复合防/除冰技术及其机理与应用,阐述了以上复合型防/除冰技术的优势与不足。其中,光热复合技术具有耗能低、材料选择多样化等优点;电加热复合技术工艺简单,易于规模化制造;磁能复合技术可满足复杂场景的防/除冰应用需求;声波复合技术则具有结构简单的优势。此外,同时复合多种能场可进一步提升防/除冰工作效率,是主被动复合技术的发展趋势之一。最后,阐述了基于超疏水表面的主被动复合防/除冰技术的不足之处,并展望了复合防/除冰技术的应用研究前景。

一种复合土壤调理剂的制备及其镉污染农田修复效果

为弥补粉煤灰、硅藻土、蒙脱石及生石灰作为农田土壤镉污染修复材料在应用过程中存在的不足,以粉煤灰、硅藻土、蒙脱石和生石灰为原料,制备成复合土壤调理剂(MT),并对其进行比表面积、扫描电镜、ICP-MS和X射线荧光光谱表征及镉吸附试验,以探究其制备温度、吸附性能和吸附机理;以MT为钝化剂,开展镉污染田间修复试验,探究其修复效果及机理。结果表明,MT最佳制备温度为250℃,其比表面积为21.92 m^(2)/g,较反应前增大近1倍,其对镉的饱和吸附量高达270.27 mg/g,MT吸附性能提升主要依靠反应后增加的比表面积和生成的絮状水化物质。当MT按0.35%施加时,糙米中镉含量较空白降低了76.6%,低于GB 2762—2017的镉限值(0.2 mg/kg),MT主要通过吸附作用来降低土壤镉有效态含量,进而实现减少水稻对土壤镉的吸收累积,其效果优于单独使用粉煤灰、硅藻土及蒙脱石,安全性高于生石灰。同时有助于降低现行镉污染农田修复成本,可为我国农田土壤镉污染治理与修复提供一定的技术参考。