This paper describes a new numerical QCD calculation method (direct minimization of QCD-QED-action) and its results for the first-generation (u, d) hadrons. Here we start with the standard color-Lagrangian LQCD = LDir...This paper describes a new numerical QCD calculation method (direct minimization of QCD-QED-action) and its results for the first-generation (u, d) hadrons. Here we start with the standard color-Lagrangian LQCD = LDirac + Lgluon, model the quarks q<sub>i</sub> as parameterized gaussians, and the gluons Ag<sub>i</sub> as Ritz-Galerkin-series. We minimize the Lagrangian numerically with parameters par = (par (q), {α<sub>k</sub>}, par (Ag)) for first-generation hadrons (nucleons, pseudo-scalar mesons, vector mesons). The resulting parameters yield the correct masses and correct magnetic moments for the nucleons, the gluon-distribution and the quark-distribution with interesting insights into the hadron structure.展开更多
β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for s...β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for such cyclic deviation from the exponential first order kinetics decay law [2]. Here we propose that the β decay is a pseudo-first order exchange reaction triggered by uddũexotic mesons and propose a QCD gas theory. In analogy to the atmospheric gas density, the proposed QCD gas density drops with elevation from the sun. Accordingly, we propose that the β decay rate periodic variability is due to the pseudo-first order exchange reaction kinetics and the QCD gas atmospheric density drop. The proposed QCD gas may be a possible candidate for Einstein’s general theory of relativity ether [3]. Our main results are the derived formulas for calculating the effective mass of the QCD gas and the cosmology perfect fluid equation of state dimensionless parameter, based on the measured ratio of the β decay rates at the earth trajectory aphelion and perihelion dates. .展开更多
Using a new perturbative expansion method in Quantum Chromodynamics with a non-perturbative gluon background, the gluon propagator is calculated up to the one-loop level, and renormalized in the modified minimal subtr...Using a new perturbative expansion method in Quantum Chromodynamics with a non-perturbative gluon background, the gluon propagator is calculated up to the one-loop level, and renormalized in the modified minimal subtraction scheme. The resultant renormalization constants of the quantum gluon field and the gauge parameter receive a non-perturbative contribution coming from the gluon condensate <FF> besides the usual perturbative one, respectively.展开更多
It is commonly accepted that the system undergoes a crossover at high temperature and low chemical potential beyond the chiral limit case, and the properties of the crossover region are important for researchers to un...It is commonly accepted that the system undergoes a crossover at high temperature and low chemical potential beyond the chiral limit case, and the properties of the crossover region are important for researchers to understand the nature of strong interacting matters of quantum chromodynamics （QCD）. Since at present there is no exact order of parameters of the phase transitions beyond the chiral limit, QCD susceptibilities are widely used as indicators. In this work various susceptibilities are discussed in the framework of Dyson-Schwinger equations. The results show that different kinds of susceptibilities give the same critical end point, which is the bifurcation point of the crossover region and the first order phase transition line of QCD. Nevertheless, different pseudo- critical points are found in the temperature axis. We think that defining a critical band is more suitable in the crossover region.展开更多
A much simpler and self-consistent derivation of the non-linear component Gu×Gv of the quantum chromodynamic SU(3) field tensor is given which does not require the postulate of color confinement to complete the d...A much simpler and self-consistent derivation of the non-linear component Gu×Gv of the quantum chromodynamic SU(3) field tensor is given which does not require the postulate of color confinement to complete the derivation and which mirrors SU(2)’s formal development.展开更多
<Abstract>Based on analysis of scattering matrix S,and its properties such as analyticity,unitarity,Lorentz invariance, and crossing symmetry relation,the Regge theory was proposed to describe hadron-hadron scat...<Abstract>Based on analysis of scattering matrix S,and its properties such as analyticity,unitarity,Lorentz invariance, and crossing symmetry relation,the Regge theory was proposed to describe hadron-hadron scattering at high energies before the advent of QCD,and correspondingly a Reggeon concept was born as a mediator of strongly interaction.This theory serves as a successful approach and has explained a great number of experimental data successfully,which proves that the Regge theory can be regarded as a basic theory of hadron interaction at high energies and its validity in many applications.However,as new experimental data come out,we have some difficulties in explaining the data.The new experimental total cross section violates the predictions of Regge theory,which shows that Regge formalism is limited in its applications to high energy data.To understand new experimental measurements,a new exchange theory was consequently born and its mediator is called Pomeron,which has vacuum quantum numbers.The new theory named as Pomeron exchange theory which reproduces the new experimental data of diffractive processes successfully.There are two exchange mediators:Reggeon and Pomeron.Reggeon exchange theory can only produce data at the relatively lower energy region,while Pomeron exchange theory fits the data only at higher-energy region,separately.In order to explain the data in the whole energy region,we propose a Reggeon Pomeron model to describe high-energy hadron- hadron scattering and other diffractive processes.Although the Reggeon-Pomeron model is successful in describing high-energy hadron-hadron interaction in the whole energy region,it is a phenomenological model.After the advent of QCD,people try to reveal the mystery of the phenomenological theory from QCD since hadron-hadron processes is a strong interaction,which is believed to be described by QCD.According to this point of view,we study the QCD nature of Reggeon and Pomeron.We claim that the Reggeon exchange is an exchange of multigluon,the color singlet gluon bound state.In particular,the Pomeron could be a Reggeized tensor glueball ξ(2230) with mass of 2.23 GeV,quantum numbers I^G,J^(PC)= 0^+,2^(++) and decay width of about 100 MeV.The glueball exchange theory reproduces data quite well.Accordingly,we believe that the Odderon,consisting of three Reggeized gluons,and predicted by QCD,should also contribute to hadron-hadron scattering and many other diffractive processes.We search for the Odderon by studying pp and pp elastic scatterings at high energies.Our investigations on the differential cross section dσ/ dt of hadron-hadron scattering at various energies and comparisons with experimental data show that the Odderon plays an essential role in fitting to data.Therefore,we suggest that the measurements should be urgently done in order to confirm the existences of the Odderon and to test QCD.展开更多
We propose that the exotic meson tetraquark u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũintroduced in previous papers, may be a pseudo-Goldstone boson having a tetrahedron geometry and symmetry. The transition ...We propose that the exotic meson tetraquark u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũintroduced in previous papers, may be a pseudo-Goldstone boson having a tetrahedron geometry and symmetry. The transition from the neutral pion superposition of two free mesons, d<sub>d</sub>~</sup> and uũ, to the tetrahedron geometry with optional two chiral states may be the symmetry breaking of the QCD ground state. The u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũtetrahedron mass may be calculated by measuring the β decay rate variability. We assume that electrons and positrons are composite particle exotic tetraquarks, dũd<sub>d</sub>~</sup> for the electrons and u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>d<sub>d</sub>~</sup> for the positrons and confined by the strong force. We propose that the QCD tetrahedrons play a central role in electron pairing mechanism in both chemical bond forming and superconductor Cooper pairs. We propose a hypothesis where the QCD ground state tetrahedrons play a central role in low energy physics where quark exchange reactions between particles and the QCD tetrahedrons via gluon junctions transfer all the forces. The QCD ground state u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũtetrahedrons hypothesis provides a symmetry breaking and a mass gap may be created by the ground state QCD tetrahedrons Bose-Einstein condensate.展开更多
文摘This paper describes a new numerical QCD calculation method (direct minimization of QCD-QED-action) and its results for the first-generation (u, d) hadrons. Here we start with the standard color-Lagrangian LQCD = LDirac + Lgluon, model the quarks q<sub>i</sub> as parameterized gaussians, and the gluons Ag<sub>i</sub> as Ritz-Galerkin-series. We minimize the Lagrangian numerically with parameters par = (par (q), {α<sub>k</sub>}, par (Ag)) for first-generation hadrons (nucleons, pseudo-scalar mesons, vector mesons). The resulting parameters yield the correct masses and correct magnetic moments for the nucleons, the gluon-distribution and the quark-distribution with interesting insights into the hadron structure.
文摘β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for such cyclic deviation from the exponential first order kinetics decay law [2]. Here we propose that the β decay is a pseudo-first order exchange reaction triggered by uddũexotic mesons and propose a QCD gas theory. In analogy to the atmospheric gas density, the proposed QCD gas density drops with elevation from the sun. Accordingly, we propose that the β decay rate periodic variability is due to the pseudo-first order exchange reaction kinetics and the QCD gas atmospheric density drop. The proposed QCD gas may be a possible candidate for Einstein’s general theory of relativity ether [3]. Our main results are the derived formulas for calculating the effective mass of the QCD gas and the cosmology perfect fluid equation of state dimensionless parameter, based on the measured ratio of the β decay rates at the earth trajectory aphelion and perihelion dates. .
文摘Using a new perturbative expansion method in Quantum Chromodynamics with a non-perturbative gluon background, the gluon propagator is calculated up to the one-loop level, and renormalized in the modified minimal subtraction scheme. The resultant renormalization constants of the quantum gluon field and the gauge parameter receive a non-perturbative contribution coming from the gluon condensate <FF> besides the usual perturbative one, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11275097,11475085,11535005,and 11265017the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds under Grant No 1402006C+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No 2015M571728the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No BK20130078the Guizhou-Provincial Outstanding Youth Science and Technology Talent Cultivation Object Special Funds under Grant No QKHRZ(2013)28
文摘It is commonly accepted that the system undergoes a crossover at high temperature and low chemical potential beyond the chiral limit case, and the properties of the crossover region are important for researchers to understand the nature of strong interacting matters of quantum chromodynamics （QCD）. Since at present there is no exact order of parameters of the phase transitions beyond the chiral limit, QCD susceptibilities are widely used as indicators. In this work various susceptibilities are discussed in the framework of Dyson-Schwinger equations. The results show that different kinds of susceptibilities give the same critical end point, which is the bifurcation point of the crossover region and the first order phase transition line of QCD. Nevertheless, different pseudo- critical points are found in the temperature axis. We think that defining a critical band is more suitable in the crossover region.
文摘A much simpler and self-consistent derivation of the non-linear component Gu×Gv of the quantum chromodynamic SU(3) field tensor is given which does not require the postulate of color confinement to complete the derivation and which mirrors SU(2)’s formal development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10565001 and 10647002the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi under Grant Nos.0481030,0575020,and 0565001
文摘<Abstract>Based on analysis of scattering matrix S,and its properties such as analyticity,unitarity,Lorentz invariance, and crossing symmetry relation,the Regge theory was proposed to describe hadron-hadron scattering at high energies before the advent of QCD,and correspondingly a Reggeon concept was born as a mediator of strongly interaction.This theory serves as a successful approach and has explained a great number of experimental data successfully,which proves that the Regge theory can be regarded as a basic theory of hadron interaction at high energies and its validity in many applications.However,as new experimental data come out,we have some difficulties in explaining the data.The new experimental total cross section violates the predictions of Regge theory,which shows that Regge formalism is limited in its applications to high energy data.To understand new experimental measurements,a new exchange theory was consequently born and its mediator is called Pomeron,which has vacuum quantum numbers.The new theory named as Pomeron exchange theory which reproduces the new experimental data of diffractive processes successfully.There are two exchange mediators:Reggeon and Pomeron.Reggeon exchange theory can only produce data at the relatively lower energy region,while Pomeron exchange theory fits the data only at higher-energy region,separately.In order to explain the data in the whole energy region,we propose a Reggeon Pomeron model to describe high-energy hadron- hadron scattering and other diffractive processes.Although the Reggeon-Pomeron model is successful in describing high-energy hadron-hadron interaction in the whole energy region,it is a phenomenological model.After the advent of QCD,people try to reveal the mystery of the phenomenological theory from QCD since hadron-hadron processes is a strong interaction,which is believed to be described by QCD.According to this point of view,we study the QCD nature of Reggeon and Pomeron.We claim that the Reggeon exchange is an exchange of multigluon,the color singlet gluon bound state.In particular,the Pomeron could be a Reggeized tensor glueball ξ(2230) with mass of 2.23 GeV,quantum numbers I^G,J^(PC)= 0^+,2^(++) and decay width of about 100 MeV.The glueball exchange theory reproduces data quite well.Accordingly,we believe that the Odderon,consisting of three Reggeized gluons,and predicted by QCD,should also contribute to hadron-hadron scattering and many other diffractive processes.We search for the Odderon by studying pp and pp elastic scatterings at high energies.Our investigations on the differential cross section dσ/ dt of hadron-hadron scattering at various energies and comparisons with experimental data show that the Odderon plays an essential role in fitting to data.Therefore,we suggest that the measurements should be urgently done in order to confirm the existences of the Odderon and to test QCD.
文摘We propose that the exotic meson tetraquark u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũintroduced in previous papers, may be a pseudo-Goldstone boson having a tetrahedron geometry and symmetry. The transition from the neutral pion superposition of two free mesons, d<sub>d</sub>~</sup> and uũ, to the tetrahedron geometry with optional two chiral states may be the symmetry breaking of the QCD ground state. The u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũtetrahedron mass may be calculated by measuring the β decay rate variability. We assume that electrons and positrons are composite particle exotic tetraquarks, dũd<sub>d</sub>~</sup> for the electrons and u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>d<sub>d</sub>~</sup> for the positrons and confined by the strong force. We propose that the QCD tetrahedrons play a central role in electron pairing mechanism in both chemical bond forming and superconductor Cooper pairs. We propose a hypothesis where the QCD ground state tetrahedrons play a central role in low energy physics where quark exchange reactions between particles and the QCD tetrahedrons via gluon junctions transfer all the forces. The QCD ground state u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũtetrahedrons hypothesis provides a symmetry breaking and a mass gap may be created by the ground state QCD tetrahedrons Bose-Einstein condensate.
