A novel method for the spectrophotometric determination of cefradine by using sodium nitroprusside as chromogenic reagent

A novel method is developed for the determination of cefradine by using sodium nitroprusside as chromogenic reagent. The experiment indicates that a russety product is formed by the reaction of cefradine with sodium nitroprusside in basic solution, and the maximum absorption wavelength （λmax） of russety product is 505 rim. And the sensitization of tetradecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride for the reaction of cefradine with sodium nitroprusside is remarkable, The apparent molar absorption coefficient （5505） is 2.81 × 103 L/mol cm. The linear equation isA = 0.0657 ＋ 0.00804C （μg/mL） in the range of 1.50-55.0μg/mL of cefradine with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9992, and the detection limit is 1.38 p,g/mL. This method has been applied to determine cefradine in capsule and tablet samples.

Synthesis of Pyridylazo-substituted Chromogenic Calix[4]arenes

This letter reports a novel method for preparing chromogenic calix[4]arenes, in which the 4-aminopyridine was diazotized with isoamyl nitrite in EtONa/EtOH, and mono(azo)-, bis(azo)- and tetra(azo)-substituted calix[4]arenes were obtained as main product respectively by diazo-coupling in different molar ratio to calix[4]arene in non-aqueous solution at 0-5 degrees.

产色链霉菌(Streptomyceschromogenes)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctoniasolani)转化NO_3^-的研究

筛选出２株真菌，产色链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｈｒｏｍ ｏｇｅｎｅｓ）和立枯丝核菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａ ｓｏｌａｎｉ）具有转化ＮＯ－３ 的活性⒚它们的活性甚至比枯草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）还强⒚产色链霉菌和立枯丝核菌将ＮＨ＋４ 转化为ＮＯ－３ 的机理也不同于真菌尖孢镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ ）必需有ＮＯ－３ 或ＮＯ－２ 的诱导才具有活性，它们可直接将硫酸铵转化为ＮＯ－３ ，进而再将ＮＯ－３ 转化为ＮＯ－２

Accurate Assessment of HER2 Gene Status for Invasive Component of Breast Cancer by Combination of Immunohistochemistry and Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization

Summary： The specimens of ductal carcinoma in situ （DCIS） with early invasion, and specimens col- lected by core needle biopsy （CNB） tend to contain limited amount of invasive component, so it is im- perative to explore a new technique which can assess HER2 gene status accurately for the limited inva- sive cancer component in these specimens. Dual staining technique of combining immunohistochemis- try （IHC） for myoepithelial cells and single or dual probe chromogenic in situ hybridization （CISH） for HER2 gene was performed on routinely processed paraffin sections from 20 cases diagnosed as having DCIS with invasive cancer. Among them, 10 had fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH）-confirmed amplification of HER2 and 10 had FISH-confirmed non-amplification of HER2. We successfully de- tected HER2 genetic signals and myoepithelial IHC markers （SMM-HC or CK5/6） simultaneously on a single section in all 20 specimens. Myoepithelial markers and HER2 signals detected by dual staining assay were consistent with those by individual technique performed alone. HER2 gene amplification results determined by dual staining assay were 100% consistent with those of FISH. Dual staining tech- nique which allows simultaneous detection of myoepithelial marker protein and cancerous HER2 gene is feasible, and it has potential to be used in clinical practice for effective determination of HER2 ampli- fication in limited invasive component.

A New Chromogenic Diester-calix[4]crown Receptor for Ca^(2+)

A diester-calix[4]crown-4-ether bearing mono (azophenol) moiety shows a larger spectral change toward Ca2+ than other alkali and alkaline eafth cations.

Isolation and Identification of Staphylococcus chromogenes and 3 D Structural Analysis of the katA Gene

[Objective]Staphylococcus arthritis became an increasingly significant health problem in intensive chicken farming in China.[Method]In this study,a bacteria strain was isolated from the broiler chicken suffering from arthritis and named as the strain Gg1.[Result]It was then identified as Staphylococcus chromogenes by the biochemical tests and phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence.Furthermore,the catalase（katA）gene was amplified by PCR using the designed primers,and the expected fragment was 1 232 bp long encoding a protein of 410 amino acids that shares the conserved motifs including catalase,heme-binding ligand and active center motif.Six phosphorylation sites（Ser95,Thr96,Ser241,Ser242,Thr281,Ser338）,four conserved residues（Ser95,His216,Tyr281,Asp341）and two active sites（His56,Asn129）were demonstrated by multiple sequence alignment and homology comparisons.The homology modeling of 3D structure of katA protein was done by SWISSMODEL server based on the template retrieved from the catalase（PDB：2ISA_A）of Vibrio salmonicida.The katA protein represents a four-domain globular protein,the quality and reliability of the resulting protein structure was further verified by Ramachandran plot.[Conclusion]To our knowledge,this is the first report of S.chromogenes linked to arthritis in chicken and the bioinformatic characterization of its katA gene.

Exploration on Research Methods for Exploring Human Response to Luminous Environment with Chromogenic Windows Applied

Chromogenic windows enable both energy-saving and daylighting regulation.However,the human response to the luminous environment affected by them is difficult to test,since their features of dynamic change and tinting automatically.This study explores the research methods,including experimental design and statistical analysis,by literature review and an experiment demonstration.The results show that a proper size of the test room is significant to obtain desired data,and the advanced VR technologies have the potential to be applied for testing these dynamic variables.Bayesian approaches are recommended to be tried and get more accurate interference about the experimental results.

玉米须总黄酮含量检测络合显色体系的比较

采用紫外可见分光光度法建立最适合玉米须总黄酮(Corn Silk Total Flavonoids,CSTF)含量检测的络合显色体系。实验选用体积分数60%乙醇为溶剂对CSTF进行提取,并以不同极性溶剂对CSTF进行分级萃取,最终获得正己烷(Normal Hexane,n-Hexane)、乙酸乙酯(Ethyl Acetate Extracts,EAE)和正丁醇(Bormal Butanol,n-BuOH)萃取物。以玉米须中不同类型黄酮为对照品,比较研究NaNO_(2)-Al(NO3)3/AlCl3-NaOH和KAc-Al(NO3)3/AlCl3四种络合显色体系下乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物中总黄酮含量。同时采用高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)对乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物中黄酮含量进行测定,从而确定最适合的对照品种类和显色体系。结果表明,HPLC法检测乙酸乙酯和正丁醇中黄酮含量分别为83.45%和57.36%,经比较研究发现,与HPLC法检测总黄酮含量最接近的是以芦丁为标准品的KAc-Al(NO3)3络合显色体系。综上所述,KAc-Al(NO3)3络合显色体系是玉米须和各萃取物总黄酮含量检测的最佳方法,该方法检测CSTF提取液黄酮含量为1.08%。该方法操作简便、准确度高,可为玉米须黄酮类物质的开发利用和质量管控提供依据。

纳米氧化铁调控钧瓷釉层显微结构及呈色分析

本文在钧瓷釉中添加不同质量分数的纳米氧化铁,分析在还原气氛(96%Ar/4%H_(2))与氧化气氛(空气)烧制后钧瓷呈色及釉面显微结构的变化,采用分光测色计研究了颜色变化,利用X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪研究了钧瓷物相成分,利用扫描电子显微镜研究了釉层微观结构。结果表明:随着纳米氧化铁含量梯度增加,还原气氛下钧瓷试片从淡青色变为蓝色再变为青灰色,氧化气氛下从白色变为黄色再变为酱黑色。当釉层中纳米氧化铁含量达到3.0%(质量分数)时,釉面SiO_(2)晶相完全消失,呈非晶态。随着纳米氧化铁含量的增加,釉面呈液-液分相结构,还原气氛下显微结构尺寸从85 nm增加至150 nm,且Fe^(2+)相对含量上升。氧化气氛下,当釉面达到玻璃化后,分相结构尺寸从217 nm增加到307 nm。

基于TIMA全扫描技术分析白云鄂博矿床板岩特征

内蒙古白云鄂博矿床是世界最大的稀土矿之一,其矿床内部及周边出露有大量板岩并且板岩具多种颜色(黑色、黄绿色、深绿色等),板岩的研究程度相对较低。为了厘定板岩的矿物组成,本次研究应用玻片全扫描、TIMA(TESCAN Intergrated Mineral Analyzer)全扫描、电子探针、LA-ICP-MS(激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪)对其矿物组合特征和成分特征进行分析。玻片全扫描和TIMA全扫描比对表明板岩虽颜色各异,但主要由正长石组成,正长石体积比可达86.37%;在白云鄂博矿床范围内正长石有隐晶质、单晶集合体和单晶三种赋存形态。电子探针分析表明正长石中SiO_(2)为59.44%~64.76%、Al_(2)O_(3)为16.89%~19.73%、K_(2)O为13.96%~17.90%,K_(2)O/Na_(2)O为15.86~45.71;环带结构正长石K_(2)O的含量较其它正长石较低,K_(2)O/Na_(2)O为15.86~20.85。LA-ICP-MS分析表明正长石中Ba含量为700.08×10^(-6)~47 606.91×10^(-6),其它微量元素和稀土元素含量很少且差异不大。板岩整体颜色和正长石色带均具有随着Ba含量增多而颜色变深的现象,因此正长石的颜色深浅与Ba含量多少呈正相关关系。

黄绿色葡萄石的谱学特征及颜色成因

颜色是宝石重要的光学性质之一,也是影响宝石品质及价格的重要参数。黄绿色葡萄石作为一种常见的玉石品种,其结构、致色离子的种类、价态及配位的复杂性,导致前人关于其致色成因存在较大的争议。采用傅里叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见光分光光谱(UV-Vis)、激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)及穆斯堡尔谱(Mössbauer)等现代分析测试手段,对2个典型的黄绿色葡萄石样品(浅黄绿色样品LYG和深黄绿色样品DYG)的主要致色离子种类、价态及配位状态进行了深入研究,为黄绿色葡萄石的致色成因提供科学的解释。UV-Vis分析结果表明,样品LYG和样品DYG均出现明显的~425和~585nm处的吸收带,分别与Fe^(3+)oct的电子跃迁和Fe^(2+)ch-Fe^(3+)oct的电荷转移有关。Mössbauer超精细参数分析结果显示,样品LYG和样品DYG中Fe^(3+)的IS均为0.34mm·s^(-1),QS值分别为0.22和0.35mm·s^(-1),均符合葡萄石八面体配位中Fe^(3+)的特征。样品LYG(IS=1.08mm·s^(-1))和样品DYG(IS=1.07mm·s^(-1))的Fe^(2+)具有相近的IS值,均符合八面体配位中Fe^(2+)的特征。然而,样品DYG中Fe^(2+)的QS值(QS=2.78mm·s^(-1))明显高于样品LYG(QS=1.12mm·s^(-1)),说明前者结构中Fe^(2+)处于畸变的八面体中。样品DYG结构中Fe的含量和Fe^(2+)的比例(4.02wt%;11.88%)均高于样品LYG(3.55wt%;5.27%),表明黄绿色葡萄石的颜色可能与Fe的含量和Fe^(2+)的比例有关。样品LYG和样品DYG中V的含量分别为633和1810μg·g^(-1),指示V可能对黄绿色葡萄石的颜色有贡献,但含量明显低于Fe,所以V对颜色的贡献远低于Fe^(3+)和Fe^(2+)。该研究不仅查明了黄绿色葡萄石的主要致色离子种类(Fe),而且确定了致色离子的价态(Fe^(3+)和Fe^(2+))和配位状态(八面体配位),为黄绿色葡萄石颜色的定量研究提供了有益的基础素材。

米糠油中呈色物质的分离和鉴定

米糠油的色泽是影响其品质的因素之一。该研究对米糠油中呈色物质的提取方法进行优化,并利用高效液相色谱串联质谱法对呈色物质进行分离和鉴定。以甲醇∶水(8∶2,体积比)为萃取剂,用液液萃取法提取米糠油中的强极性呈色物质,然后将样品皂化后利用正己烷提取弱极性呈色物质。强极性和弱极性提取液经质谱分别鉴定出9类物质,共37种,其中强极性提取液中二氢异黄酮类含量最多,弱极性提取液中二氢黄酮醇类为主要化合物。

Single-Crystalline Organoiridium Complex for Gas-Triggered Chromogenic Switches and Its Applications on CO Detection and Reversible Scavenging

Summary of main observation and conclusion Nonporous molecular single crystals of coordinatively unsaturated 16-electron metallacycle are found to undergo highly selective-yet reversible-binding of CO over CH4,H2,N2,CO2,various volatile organic compounds and water,through binding of the molecule to its metal centers.Carbon monoxide is taken up by black crystals and subsequently liberated from the corresponding orange CO adduct by reversible metal coordination,the structural evidence obtained from in situ X-ray diffraction.The single-crystallinity of the metallacycle is retained even after several cycles.The material,when adsorbed on silica,shows remarkable sensitivity and selectivity for CO,allowing visual CO sensing in the solid state.The metallacycle offer the possibility of serving as readily regenerable scavenger for removing trace CO from gas mixtures with N2.

动态显色法在注射用甲磺酸萘莫司他细菌内毒素检查的运用分析

目的:建立注射用甲磺酸萘莫司他细菌内毒素检查法。方法:按《中国药典》四部通则1143细菌内毒素检查法进行动态显色法干扰试验。结果:采用加碱性调节剂作用一定时间处理供试液并进行稀释的方式,可有效消除甲磺酸萘莫司他的干扰作用。结论:注射用甲磺酸萘莫司他可采用细菌内毒素动态显色法进行细菌内毒素检查。

微量动态显色法细菌内毒素检查方法研究

目的通过研究确定微量动态显色法能否满足《中国药典》的要求,作为现有细菌内毒素检查法的补充。方法使用微量动态显色法鲎试剂,每孔样品和鲎试剂加样量各为25μL,检测波长405 nm,预设OD值0.05,使用半孔酶标板检测。依据《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版第四部“9101药品质量分析方法验证指导原则”的规定,按照其项下“杂质测定”中“定量”项目的具体要求,进行专属性、准确度、精密度、定量限、线性、范围、耐用度7项内容的方法学验证,并对48个药品品种共74批样品开展了品种适用性研究,对76个药品品种共143批样品(包括133批阴性样品和10批阳性样品)进行日常检验,并将结果与传统显色法检验结果进行了比对分析。结果经过方法学验证,表明微量动态显色法符合《中华人民共和国药典》对定量方法的要求;经过品种适用性与一致性比对研究,结果表明微量动态显色法与传统显色法相比,具有较好的等效性。结论微量动态显色法可以作为现有细菌内毒素的补充方法推广使用。

奶牛乳房炎乳样产色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及酸性电解水体外杀菌试验

为了解某奶牛养殖场奶牛临床乳房炎的致病菌及酸性电解水对奶牛乳房炎致病菌的体外杀菌效果,本试验采集该奶牛养殖场临床乳房炎患病奶牛乳样,对乳样中的病原菌进行分离后通过革兰氏染色和镜检、生化试验、16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定病原菌种类,并对分离菌株进行药敏试验和动物致病性试验,通过体外杀菌试验分析酸性电解水对分离菌株的杀菌效果。结果表明:分离菌株在Baird-Parker(BP)培养基上生长良好,培养24 h后可见菌落表面光滑,呈灰黑色,无透明圈。革兰氏染色、镜检可见分离菌株呈蓝紫色并排列成葡萄串状,将该分离菌株命名为QSPT2023。分离菌株QSPT2023与葡萄球菌属的生化特性基本一致;16S rDNA基因序列与GenBank收录的产色葡萄球菌OP068076.1的基因序列相似性最高,为99.93%;与产色葡萄球菌OP068076.1位于系统发育树的同一分支,亲缘关系最近;与产色葡萄球菌KJ783397.1、LC317309.1、ON715882.1的亲缘关系较近,与金黄色葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌等的亲缘关系较远;对氯霉素、头孢噻肟、头孢呋辛、头孢氨苄、头孢他啶、头孢唑啉、卡那霉素、米诺环素、氧氟沙星、多西环素、氟苯尼考、复方新诺明敏感,对大观霉素、恩诺沙星、罗红霉素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、两性霉素B、磺胺嘧啶耐药。小鼠腹腔注射0.2 mL分离菌株菌液5 h后出现紧闭双眼、眼周有渗出物、畏寒抱团等症状,3 d内有死亡小鼠,死亡小鼠剖检后有明显的病理特征。用酸性电解水作用产色葡萄球菌分离菌株菌液5 s后杀菌率为99.21%,作用10 s后杀菌率为99.99%,作用15 s后杀菌率为100%,杀菌效果优于传统消毒剂5%聚维酮碘。说明从奶牛乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中成功分离到一株产色葡萄球菌,酸性电解水对该分离菌株具有较好的杀菌效果。

植物色素王国奇遇记

植物色素是存在于植物细胞中的天然有机化合物。它们赋予植物五彩斑斓的颜色,在光合作用及其他生理反应过程中发挥着重要作用。本文对植物色素的分类及化学分子结构进行了科普,并介绍了其基本显色机理,引导人们从分子水平上认知绚丽多彩的世界、明确有机化学与植物生理活性的内在联系。

微量动态显色法定量检测胎牛血清中细菌内毒素含量

目的 探讨微量动态显色法定量检测胎牛血清中的细菌内毒素的可行性,并与凝胶法结果比较。方法 采用微量动态显色法鲎试剂,建立标准曲线,通过预干扰试验确定稀释倍数,测定供试品外加内毒素回收率进行干扰试验,对供试品进行定量检测,并与凝胶法试验结果进行比较。结果 标准曲线的线性范围为0.02~20 EU·mL^(-1),回归方程为lgT=2.9334-0.2883 lgC,相关系数| r |=0.9992,供试品在稀释200倍时无干扰作用,细菌内毒素回收率在50%~200%内,其中3批供试品的内毒素定量检测结果小于规定限值,1批高于限值,检测结果与凝胶法一致。结论 本品可采用微量动态显色法定量检测细菌内毒素含量,进行质量控制。