Pyricularia oryzae is a fungal pathogen of rice.Few researches had been reported on the analysisof its genome, partly because the genomes can’t beseparated by general agarose gel electrophoresis.We herein report a te...Pyricularia oryzae is a fungal pathogen of rice.Few researches had been reported on the analysisof its genome, partly because the genomes can’t beseparated by general agarose gel electrophoresis.We herein report a technique to separatePyricularia oryzae genomic DNA by pulse-fieldgel electrophoresis(PFGE).The tested blast strain was 2539w.Chromosomal DNAs were directly prepared from展开更多
Telomerase is an enzyme that maintains the length of telomeres at the ends of chromosomes.Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that keep genetic information intact,enable cells to multiply and prov...Telomerase is an enzyme that maintains the length of telomeres at the ends of chromosomes.Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that keep genetic information intact,enable cells to multiply and provide insight into some of the mysteries of ageing and cancer.Telomerase activity affects ageing and cancer development in humans by preventing telomeres from becoming too short,which can lead to cellular senescence and death.When telomerase is suppressed,cancer cells die,and telomerase inhibitors can be used to kill human breast and prostate cancer cells grown in the laboratory.Studies have also found an association between shorter telomeres,a decreased overall lifespan,and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and infectious illness.Despite research linking telomere shortening to the ageing process,additional research is needed to fully understand the role of telomerase in the ageing process,including whether or not it is the cause of these changes.Other variables,such as oxidative stress,glycation,and inflammation,also contribute to the ageing process and may explain the remaining 33 percent of the variance in the probability of passing away.The authors of this paper discuss the current understanding of telomerase enzyme activity and its effects on ageing and cancer,as well as the implications of telomerase research and the potential for developing innovative drugs and gene therapies.展开更多
It was ever thought that genomic information is transmitted faithfully from generation to generation. But our current knowledge does not indicate that it is the case. For example, genomic variations can be generated f...It was ever thought that genomic information is transmitted faithfully from generation to generation. But our current knowledge does not indicate that it is the case. For example, genomic variations can be generated from DNA replication infidelity and unequal chromosome segregation. Natural decay of DNA molecules is also a fundamental source of changing genomic information. In addition, cellular and organismal exposure to exogenous genotoxic agents such as ultraviolet （UV） light, oxidative stress, chemical mutagens, and radiation can lead to a variety of modifications on DNA constituents, resulting in genome alterations. Fortunately, cells have evolved several response systems to tackle numerous DNA lesions in order to maintain their genome integrity. Among them, check- point control is probably the most well-known one. For exam- ple, checkpoint responds to replication stress, replication fork stalling, double-strand DNA breaks, and various other types of DNA lesions. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that genomic instability is probably the fundamental reason for carcinogenesis. Genomic instability is also found to be a main etiological factor of neurodegenerative diseases, aging, immunodeficiency, etc. Thus, to understand how cells regulate to maintain their genomic stability is of fundamental importance.展开更多
文摘Pyricularia oryzae is a fungal pathogen of rice.Few researches had been reported on the analysisof its genome, partly because the genomes can’t beseparated by general agarose gel electrophoresis.We herein report a technique to separatePyricularia oryzae genomic DNA by pulse-fieldgel electrophoresis(PFGE).The tested blast strain was 2539w.Chromosomal DNAs were directly prepared from
文摘Telomerase is an enzyme that maintains the length of telomeres at the ends of chromosomes.Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that keep genetic information intact,enable cells to multiply and provide insight into some of the mysteries of ageing and cancer.Telomerase activity affects ageing and cancer development in humans by preventing telomeres from becoming too short,which can lead to cellular senescence and death.When telomerase is suppressed,cancer cells die,and telomerase inhibitors can be used to kill human breast and prostate cancer cells grown in the laboratory.Studies have also found an association between shorter telomeres,a decreased overall lifespan,and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and infectious illness.Despite research linking telomere shortening to the ageing process,additional research is needed to fully understand the role of telomerase in the ageing process,including whether or not it is the cause of these changes.Other variables,such as oxidative stress,glycation,and inflammation,also contribute to the ageing process and may explain the remaining 33 percent of the variance in the probability of passing away.The authors of this paper discuss the current understanding of telomerase enzyme activity and its effects on ageing and cancer,as well as the implications of telomerase research and the potential for developing innovative drugs and gene therapies.
文摘It was ever thought that genomic information is transmitted faithfully from generation to generation. But our current knowledge does not indicate that it is the case. For example, genomic variations can be generated from DNA replication infidelity and unequal chromosome segregation. Natural decay of DNA molecules is also a fundamental source of changing genomic information. In addition, cellular and organismal exposure to exogenous genotoxic agents such as ultraviolet （UV） light, oxidative stress, chemical mutagens, and radiation can lead to a variety of modifications on DNA constituents, resulting in genome alterations. Fortunately, cells have evolved several response systems to tackle numerous DNA lesions in order to maintain their genome integrity. Among them, check- point control is probably the most well-known one. For exam- ple, checkpoint responds to replication stress, replication fork stalling, double-strand DNA breaks, and various other types of DNA lesions. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that genomic instability is probably the fundamental reason for carcinogenesis. Genomic instability is also found to be a main etiological factor of neurodegenerative diseases, aging, immunodeficiency, etc. Thus, to understand how cells regulate to maintain their genomic stability is of fundamental importance.
