Genetic Effect on Yield and Fiber Quality Traits of 16 Chromosome Substitution Lines in Upland Cotton

Evaluation of the genetic effect on yield and fiber quality can provide useful information on cotton breeding. Sixteen CSB lines and TM-1 introduced from USDA/ARS were used as male and top-crossed with three elite cultivars and the 51 F1 hybrids, 16 CSB lines, TM-1, and 3 elite cultivars were planted at the Cotton Research Institute of CAAS, Anyang, Henan Province and Xiajin, Shandong Province, China. The yield traits and fiber quality data were obtained and additive and dominance effect on each trait were measured by AD model. Boll weight takes the largest additive proration, whereas boll number takes the least additive proration. The largest and the least dominant proration for lint yield and boll weight were measured, respectively. Fiber length has the additive and dominance effect, and dominance effect was slightly more than additive effect. Larger additive and no dominance effect on uniformity, micronaire, and fiber strength were measured. Significantly, positive additive effect on boll weight of CSB06 and CSB12Sh was observed. CSB14Sh and CSB01 have significantly positive additive effect on 4 and 3 traits of fiber quality, respectively. CSB01 has the greatest dominant effect on lint yield among CSB lines. The dominant effect on fiber length of CSB lines showed positive. It is beneficial to use CSB06 and CSB12Sh as parents to improve boll size, to use CSB14Sh and CSB01 as parents to improve fiber quality. As for hybrid cotton breeding, it is reasonable using CSB01 to improve lint yield traits, and using CSB01, CSB11Sh, and CSB06 to improve fiber length.

16个陆地棉染色体置换系产量与纤维品质性状遗传效应的初步分析

【目的】评估16个陆地棉染色体置换系的遗传效应。【方法】采用部分双列杂交试验,以16个陆地棉染色体置换系和TM-1为父本,中棉所41、中棉所43、SG506为母本配制51个F1杂交组合,2006年在河南安阳和山东夏津两地种植,获得产量、纤维品质性状数据。利用AD模型软件分析各性状的加性和显性效应。【结果】产量性状比较,铃重加性方差比率最大,铃数最小;显性方差比率籽棉产量最大,铃重最小。纤维长度主要表现出加性效应和显性效应,显性效应稍大于加性效应,整齐度、麦克隆值、比强度的加性方差比例较大,未检测到显性效应。CSB06和CSB12Sh对铃重的正向加性效应显著,CSB14Sh、CSB01对纤维品质的4个或3个性状加性效应显著,CSB01对产量性状的显性效应最大.纤维长度的显性均表现为正值。【结论】CSB06和CSB12Sh可作为改良铃重的亲本利用,CSB14Sh、CSB01可作为改良纤维品质性状的亲本利用。在杂种优势利用时,CSB01可作为改良产量性状的亲本,CSB01、CSB11Sh和CSB06可作为改良纤维长度的亲本。