Karyotype analysis has significant clinical importance. Effectively detecting the exact abnormity of chromosomes will contribute to the diagnosis of certain diseases. In this paper, I presented a convenient and reliab...Karyotype analysis has significant clinical importance. Effectively detecting the exact abnormity of chromosomes will contribute to the diagnosis of certain diseases. In this paper, I presented a convenient and reliable system that was capable of detecting t(9;22) chromosome translocation, a specific chromosomal abnormity in CML patients. The functions of this system were based on deep learning algorithms, and I created a classification system using ResNet. The model could effectively detect t(9;22) translocation based on images of chromosomes 9 and 22. This model achieves a 97.5% accuracy on the validation set.展开更多
Agropyron cristatum(2n=4x=28,PPPP)is a wild relative of common wheat which contains a large number of desirable genes that can be exploited for wheat improvement.Wheat–A.cristatum 2P alien translocation lines exhibit...Agropyron cristatum(2n=4x=28,PPPP)is a wild relative of common wheat which contains a large number of desirable genes that can be exploited for wheat improvement.Wheat–A.cristatum 2P alien translocation lines exhibit many desirable traits,such as small flag leaves,a high spikelet number and density,and a compact plant type.An agronomic trait evaluation and a genetic analysis were carried out on translocation lines and backcross populations of these lines carrying different translocation fragments.The results showed that a translocation fragment from 2PT-3(2PL)reduced the length of the flag leaves,while translocation fragments from 2PT-3(2PL)and 2PT-5(2PL(0.60–1.00))reduced the width of the flag leaves.A translocation fragment from 2PT-13(2PS(0.18–0.36))increased the length and area of the flag leaves.Translocation fragments from 2PT-3(2PL)and 2PT-8(2PL(0.86–1.00))increased the density of spikelets.Translocation fragments from 2PT-7(2PL(0.00–0.09)),2PT-8(2PL(0.86–1.00)),2PT-10(2PS),and 2PT-13(2PS(0.18–0.36))reduced plant height.This study provides a scientific basis for the effective utilization of wheat–A.cristatum translocation lines.展开更多
We report one case of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia type 2（AML-M2） who presented with karyotypic aberration of trisomy 21 with the t（5;11） chromosomal translocation. The patient achieved complete remission afte...We report one case of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia type 2（AML-M2） who presented with karyotypic aberration of trisomy 21 with the t（5;11） chromosomal translocation. The patient achieved complete remission after two cycles of chemotherapy of daunorubicin, cytarabine and etoposide. Then, follow-up cytogenetic analysis from bone marrow cell cultures demonstrated a normal karyotype of 46, XY. After 9 years, the patient relapsed and the karyotypic abnormalities of trisomy 21 with t（5;11） reappeared. It was concluded that trisomy 21 with t（5; 11） is a new unfavorable cytogenetic aberration in AML-M2.展开更多
Objective： Recent studies have suggested that t（14;18） is present in a significant proportion of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas （DLBCLs）. However, the prognostic significance of this translocation and its relatio...Objective： Recent studies have suggested that t（14;18） is present in a significant proportion of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas （DLBCLs）. However, the prognostic significance of this translocation and its relationship with BCL-2 protein expression remains controversial. Our study aimed to investigate the predictive power of t（14;18） and BCL-2 protein expression in the prognosis of DLBCLs. Methods： Biopsy specimens from 106 DLBCLs were analyzed using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH）. Immunophenotypic analysis of CD20, CD3, CD10, BCL-6, MUM1 and BCL-2 was performed by immunohistochemistry. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results： The t（14;18） was identified in 27 of 106 cases （25.5%）. The percentages of tumor cells expressing CD10, BCL-6, MUM1 and BCL-2 were 21.7%, 26.4%, 56.6% and 73.6%, respectively. The presence of this translocation was significantly correlated with the expression of CD10 and immunophenotypic subtype （p0.001）. No association was observed between BCL-2 protein expression and the presence of t（14;18）. Multivariate analysis confirmed that both t（14;18） and BCL-2 expression were significantly associated with survival. Moreover, patients with t（14;18） had worse prognosis, compared with those with BCL-2 expression （for overall survival： hazard ratio, 4.235; 95%CI, 2.153-8.329, p0.001 vs. hazard ration, 2.743; 95%CI, 1.262-5.962, p=0.011）. Conclusions： The t（14;18） is a useful prognostic tool for the evaluation of DLBCL immunophenotype and prognosis. The prognosis of GCB （germinal centre-like B cell） DLBCL patients should be made with the consideration of the presence of this translocation, and the detection of t（14;18） should be included as a routine diagnostic test in these cases.展开更多
To Investigate the mechanism of resistance to wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） powdery mildew, suppression subtractlve hybridization was conducted between an isogenic resistant line carrying Pm21 and its recurrent paren...To Investigate the mechanism of resistance to wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） powdery mildew, suppression subtractlve hybridization was conducted between an isogenic resistant line carrying Pm21 and its recurrent parent Yangmal 5 to Isolate the resistance relative genes. A cDNA fragment specifically expressed in the resistant line was obtained and its full length was cloned by in silico cloning and RT-PCR. This gene encoded a deduced protein of 219 amino acids with a leucine-rich repeat （LRR） motif, often found In plant resistance genes, and was designated as Ta-LRR2. Ta-LRR2 had an increased expression level in the resistant line after Inoculation with Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Marchal. PCR analysis with different cytogenetlc stocks suggested that Ta-LRR2 was specifically associated with chromosome arms 6VS and 6AS. Linkage analysis further showed that Ta-LRR2 could be used as a resistance gene analog polymorphism marker of Pm21 for marker-assisted selection in germplasm enhancement and breeding practice. Moreover, how to Isolate Pm21 based on the Information obtained for Ta-LRR2 is discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Nearly 15% of acute myeloid leukemia （AML） cases are caused by aberrant expression of AML 1-ETO, a fusion protein generated by the t（8;21） chromosomal translocation. Since its discovery, AML 1-ETO has...BACKGROUND： Nearly 15% of acute myeloid leukemia （AML） cases are caused by aberrant expression of AML 1-ETO, a fusion protein generated by the t（8;21） chromosomal translocation. Since its discovery, AML 1-ETO has served as a prototype to understand how leukemia fusion proteins deregulate transcription to promote leukemogenesis. Another leukemia fusion protein, E2A-Pbx 1, generated by the t（1; 19） translocation, is involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemias （ALLs）. While AML 1 - ETO and E2A-Pbxl are structurally unrelated fusion proteins, we have recently shown that a common axis, the ETO/E-protein interaction, is involved in the regulation of both fusion proteins, underscoring the importance of studying protein-protein interactions in elucidating the mechanisms of leukemia fusion proteins. OBJECTIVE： In this review, we aim to summarize these new developments while also providing a historic overview of the related early studies. METHODS： A total of 218 publications were reviewed in this article, a majority of which were published after 2004. We also downloaded 3D structures of AML1-ETO domains from Protein Data Bank and provided a systematic summary of their structures. RESULTS： By reviewing the literature, we summarized early and recent findings on AML 1-ETO, including its protein-protein interactions, transcriptional and lenkemogenic mechanisms, as well as the recently reported involvement of ETO family corepressors in regulating the function of E2A-Pbxl. CONCLUSION： While the recent development in genomic and structural studies has clearly demonstrated that the fusion proteins function by directly regulating transcription, a further understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including crosstalk with other transcription factors and cofactors, and the protein-protein interactions in the context of native proteins, may be necessary for the development of highly targeted drugs for leukemia therapy.展开更多
文摘Karyotype analysis has significant clinical importance. Effectively detecting the exact abnormity of chromosomes will contribute to the diagnosis of certain diseases. In this paper, I presented a convenient and reliable system that was capable of detecting t(9;22) chromosome translocation, a specific chromosomal abnormity in CML patients. The functions of this system were based on deep learning algorithms, and I created a classification system using ResNet. The model could effectively detect t(9;22) translocation based on images of chromosomes 9 and 22. This model achieves a 97.5% accuracy on the validation set.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272083)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100102).
文摘Agropyron cristatum(2n=4x=28,PPPP)is a wild relative of common wheat which contains a large number of desirable genes that can be exploited for wheat improvement.Wheat–A.cristatum 2P alien translocation lines exhibit many desirable traits,such as small flag leaves,a high spikelet number and density,and a compact plant type.An agronomic trait evaluation and a genetic analysis were carried out on translocation lines and backcross populations of these lines carrying different translocation fragments.The results showed that a translocation fragment from 2PT-3(2PL)reduced the length of the flag leaves,while translocation fragments from 2PT-3(2PL)and 2PT-5(2PL(0.60–1.00))reduced the width of the flag leaves.A translocation fragment from 2PT-13(2PS(0.18–0.36))increased the length and area of the flag leaves.Translocation fragments from 2PT-3(2PL)and 2PT-8(2PL(0.86–1.00))increased the density of spikelets.Translocation fragments from 2PT-7(2PL(0.00–0.09)),2PT-8(2PL(0.86–1.00)),2PT-10(2PS),and 2PT-13(2PS(0.18–0.36))reduced plant height.This study provides a scientific basis for the effective utilization of wheat–A.cristatum translocation lines.
文摘We report one case of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia type 2（AML-M2） who presented with karyotypic aberration of trisomy 21 with the t（5;11） chromosomal translocation. The patient achieved complete remission after two cycles of chemotherapy of daunorubicin, cytarabine and etoposide. Then, follow-up cytogenetic analysis from bone marrow cell cultures demonstrated a normal karyotype of 46, XY. After 9 years, the patient relapsed and the karyotypic abnormalities of trisomy 21 with t（5;11） reappeared. It was concluded that trisomy 21 with t（5; 11） is a new unfavorable cytogenetic aberration in AML-M2.
文摘Objective： Recent studies have suggested that t（14;18） is present in a significant proportion of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas （DLBCLs）. However, the prognostic significance of this translocation and its relationship with BCL-2 protein expression remains controversial. Our study aimed to investigate the predictive power of t（14;18） and BCL-2 protein expression in the prognosis of DLBCLs. Methods： Biopsy specimens from 106 DLBCLs were analyzed using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH）. Immunophenotypic analysis of CD20, CD3, CD10, BCL-6, MUM1 and BCL-2 was performed by immunohistochemistry. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results： The t（14;18） was identified in 27 of 106 cases （25.5%）. The percentages of tumor cells expressing CD10, BCL-6, MUM1 and BCL-2 were 21.7%, 26.4%, 56.6% and 73.6%, respectively. The presence of this translocation was significantly correlated with the expression of CD10 and immunophenotypic subtype （p0.001）. No association was observed between BCL-2 protein expression and the presence of t（14;18）. Multivariate analysis confirmed that both t（14;18） and BCL-2 expression were significantly associated with survival. Moreover, patients with t（14;18） had worse prognosis, compared with those with BCL-2 expression （for overall survival： hazard ratio, 4.235; 95%CI, 2.153-8.329, p0.001 vs. hazard ration, 2.743; 95%CI, 1.262-5.962, p=0.011）. Conclusions： The t（14;18） is a useful prognostic tool for the evaluation of DLBCL immunophenotype and prognosis. The prognosis of GCB （germinal centre-like B cell） DLBCL patients should be made with the consideration of the presence of this translocation, and the detection of t（14;18） should be included as a routine diagnostic test in these cases.
基金Supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development(863) Program of China(2001 AA222152,2003AA207100,and 2004AA222140)the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University
文摘To Investigate the mechanism of resistance to wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） powdery mildew, suppression subtractlve hybridization was conducted between an isogenic resistant line carrying Pm21 and its recurrent parent Yangmal 5 to Isolate the resistance relative genes. A cDNA fragment specifically expressed in the resistant line was obtained and its full length was cloned by in silico cloning and RT-PCR. This gene encoded a deduced protein of 219 amino acids with a leucine-rich repeat （LRR） motif, often found In plant resistance genes, and was designated as Ta-LRR2. Ta-LRR2 had an increased expression level in the resistant line after Inoculation with Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Marchal. PCR analysis with different cytogenetlc stocks suggested that Ta-LRR2 was specifically associated with chromosome arms 6VS and 6AS. Linkage analysis further showed that Ta-LRR2 could be used as a resistance gene analog polymorphism marker of Pm21 for marker-assisted selection in germplasm enhancement and breeding practice. Moreover, how to Isolate Pm21 based on the Information obtained for Ta-LRR2 is discussed.
文摘BACKGROUND： Nearly 15% of acute myeloid leukemia （AML） cases are caused by aberrant expression of AML 1-ETO, a fusion protein generated by the t（8;21） chromosomal translocation. Since its discovery, AML 1-ETO has served as a prototype to understand how leukemia fusion proteins deregulate transcription to promote leukemogenesis. Another leukemia fusion protein, E2A-Pbx 1, generated by the t（1; 19） translocation, is involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemias （ALLs）. While AML 1 - ETO and E2A-Pbxl are structurally unrelated fusion proteins, we have recently shown that a common axis, the ETO/E-protein interaction, is involved in the regulation of both fusion proteins, underscoring the importance of studying protein-protein interactions in elucidating the mechanisms of leukemia fusion proteins. OBJECTIVE： In this review, we aim to summarize these new developments while also providing a historic overview of the related early studies. METHODS： A total of 218 publications were reviewed in this article, a majority of which were published after 2004. We also downloaded 3D structures of AML1-ETO domains from Protein Data Bank and provided a systematic summary of their structures. RESULTS： By reviewing the literature, we summarized early and recent findings on AML 1-ETO, including its protein-protein interactions, transcriptional and lenkemogenic mechanisms, as well as the recently reported involvement of ETO family corepressors in regulating the function of E2A-Pbxl. CONCLUSION： While the recent development in genomic and structural studies has clearly demonstrated that the fusion proteins function by directly regulating transcription, a further understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including crosstalk with other transcription factors and cofactors, and the protein-protein interactions in the context of native proteins, may be necessary for the development of highly targeted drugs for leukemia therapy.
