The effect of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) on long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in Iranian patients

Background: The influence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on the outcome of chronic hepatitis B disease, including viral, biochemical and histologic characteristics, in Iranian patients is not yet fully un- derstood. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) on long-term histology- cal, biochemical and viral outcome of chronic he- pa-tictis B in Iranian patients. Methods: We retro- spec-tively evaluated 94 “e Ag” negative chronic hepatitis B patients (with NAFLD: 44, without NAFLD: 50). Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease was diagnosed based on liver biopsy according to Kleiner classifica-tion. Liver biopsy was done for all patients. Serologi-cal and biochemical variables were evaluated with repeated measure analysis. Results: Non-Alcoholic Fat- ty Liver Disease (NAFLD) was present in 47% of the patients (44 out of 94 patients). In the NAFLD group, increase in AST, ALT, stage (P = 0.002), grade, and total score of liver biopsy were independently related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, while HBV-DNA viral load did not correlate with the presence of a fatty liver. Conclusion: Abnormalities of liver enzymes and liver histopathology are more prevalent in concurrent chronic hepatitis B and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

Chronic hepatitis B, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and physical fitness of military males: CHIEF study

AIM To investigate the association of chronic hepatitis B and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with physical fitness in a Taiwan Residents military male cohort.METHODS We made a cross-sectional examination of this association using 3669 young adult military males according to cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events recorded in the Taiwan Armed Forces study. Cases of chronic hepatitis B(n = 121) were defined by personal history and positive detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. Cases of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(n = 129) were defined by alanine transaminase level > 60 U/L, liver ultrasound finding of steatosis, and absence of viral hepatitis A, B or C infection. All other study participants were defined as unaffected(n = 3419). Physical fitness was evaluated by performance in 3000-m run, 2-min sit-ups, and 2-min push-ups exercises, with all the procedures standardized by a computerized scoring system. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship.RESULTS Chronic hepatitis B negatively correlated with 2-min push-up numbers(β =-2.49, P = 0.019) after adjusting for age, service specialty, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, current cigarette smoking, alcohol intake status, serum hemoglobin, and average weekly exercise times. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was borderline positively correlated with 3000-m running time(β = 11.96, P = 0.084) and negatively correlated with 2-min sit-up numbers(β =-1.47, P = 0.040). CONCLUSION Chronic hepatitis B viral infection and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis affects different physical performances in young adult military males, and future study should determine the underlying mechanism.

Baseline hepatocyte ballooning is a risk factor for adverse events in patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND Although many studies have investigated the impact of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)on liver disease,few have investigated the relationship between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)defined by liver pathology and the prognosis of chronic HBV infection.Most patients were followed up for a short time.This study aimed to further explore the impact of NAFLD and the pathological changes confirmed by liver pathology in patients with chronic HBV infection.AIM To study the effect of NAFLD confirmed using liver pathology on the outcomes of long-term serious adverse events[cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and death]in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection.METHODS We enrolled patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection who underwent liver biopsy at the Third People’s Hospital of Zhenjaing Affiliated Jiangsu University between January 2005 and September 2020.Baseline clinical and pathological data on liver pathology and clinical data at the end of follow-up were collected.Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to balance baseline parameters,Kaplan-Meier(K-M)survival analysis was used to evaluate the risk of clinical events,and Cox regression was used to analyze the risk factors of events.RESULTS Overall,456 patients with chronic HBV infection were included in the study,of whom 152(33.3%)had histologically confirmed NAFLD.The median follow-up time of the entire cohort was 70.5 mo.Thirty-four patients developed cirrhosis,which was diagnosed using ultrasound during the follow-up period.K-M survival analysis showed that NAFLD was not significantly associated with the risk of cirrhosis(log-rank test,P>0.05).Patients with CHB with fibrosis at baseline were more prone to cirrhosis(log-rank test,P=0.046).After PSM,multivariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus,ballooning deformation(BD),and platelet(PLT)were independent risk factors for cirrhosis diagnosed using ultrasound(P<0.05).A total of 10 patients(2.2%)developed HCC,and six of these patients were in the combined NAFLD group.K-M survival analysis showed that the cumulative risk of HCC in the NAFLD group was significantly higher(log-rank test,P<0.05).Hepatocyte ballooning,and severe liver fibrosis were also associated with an increased risk of HCC(log-rank test,all P<0.05).Cox multivariate analysis revealed that hepatocyte ballooning,liver fibrosis,and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for HCC.CONCLUSION There was no significant correlation between chronic HBV infection and the risk of cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD.Diabetes mellitus,BD,and PLT were independent risk factors for liver cirrhosis.Patients with chronic HBV infection and NASH have an increased risk of HCC.BD,liver fibrosis,and diabetes mellitus are independent risk factors for HCC.

Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir amibufenamide in chronic hepatitis B patients

This letter to the editor relates to the study entitled“Tenofovir amibufenamide vs tenofovir alafenamide for treating chronic hepatitis B:A real-world study”,which was recently published by Peng et al.Hepatitis B virus infection represents a significant health burden worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis and even liver cancer.The antiviral drugs currently used to treat patients with chronic hepatitis B infection still have many side effects,so it is crucial to identify safe and effective drugs to inhibit viral replication.

Disease-specific mi R-34a as diagnostic marker of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a Chinese population

AIM To assess disease-specific circulating micro RNAs(mi RNAs) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) patients.METHODS A total of 111 biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) or chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients and healthy controls from China's Mainland were enrolled to measure their serum levels of mi R-122,-125 b,-146 b,-16,-21,-192,-27 b and-34 a. The correlations between serum mi RNAs and histological features of NAFLD were determined. The diagnostic value of mi RNA in NASH and significant fibrosis was analyzed and compared with that of cytokeratin-18(CK-18), fibrosis-4(FIB-4), and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index(APRI), respectively.RESULTS Circulating mi R-122,-16,-192 and-34 a showed differential expression levels between NAFLD and CHB patients, and mi R-34 a had an approximately 2-fold increase in NAFLD samples compared with that of CHB samples(P < 0.01). Serum mi R-122,-192 and-34a levels were correlated with steatosis(R = 0.302, 0.323 and 0.470, respectively, P < 0.05) and inflammatory activity(R = 0.445, 0.447 and 0.517, respectively, P < 0.01); only serum mi R-16 levels were associated with fibrosis(R = 0.350, P < 0.05) in patients with NAFLD. The diagnostic value of mi R-34 a for NASH(area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.811, 95%CI: 0.670-0.953) was superior to that of alanine aminotransferase, CK-18, FIB-4 and APRI in NAFLD, but mi R-16 showed a limited performance in the diagnosis of significant fibrosis in NASH.CONCLUSION Circulating mi R-34 a may serve as a disease-specific noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of NASH.

Factors Associated with Hepatic Steatosis in Black African Subjects with Chronic Viral Hepatitis B in Côte d’Ivoire

Context/Objectives: With the progression of the global epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome, the coexistence of hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B (VHB) is becoming significant. The aim of this work was to determine the factors associated with hepatic steatosis assessed by a Fibroscan with Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study. Data was collected from February 15 to July 31, 2020 in a private hospital structure in the city of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire. We included 83 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B. These were black patients, having performed a Fibroscan/CAP during the recruitment period and consenting to participate in the study. Patients with significant alcohol consumption, a secondary cause of hepatic steatosis, or other liver disease regardless of the etiology associated with hepatitis B were not included. Results: The frequency of hepatic steatosis in chronic VHB carriers assessed by the CAP in our study population was 48.19% including 24.10% severe steatosis. Obesity and high LDL cholesterol were statistically correlated with the presence of steatosis in our patients. Patients who had steatosis on ultrasound were 5 times more likely to have steatosis on CAP. Significant fibrosis was not significantly associated with steatosis. Conclusion: Obesity and LDL hypercholesterolemia are the main factors associated with hepatic steatosis detected by Fibroscan/CAP in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B.

妊娠合并慢性乙型肝炎血清HBV pgRNA、PreS1抗原表达与肝内胆汁淤积症的相关性分析

目的 探究妊娠合并慢性乙型肝炎病人血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前基因组RNA(HBV pgRNA)、前S1抗原(PreS1Ag)水平变化及与妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)发生的相关性。方法 选取2017年6月至2020年6月在雅安市人民医院进行孕期检查的慢性乙型肝炎孕妇279例作为研究对象,根据入组病人是否患有ICP分为合并ICP组43例、未合并ICP组236例。比较两组病人血清中HBV pgRNA、PreS1 Ag水平,并分析两组血清HBV pgRNA、PreS1 Ag表达与HBV DNA表达水平相关性;比较两组病人妊娠结局,并分析合并ICP组病人血清HBV pgRNA表达水平及PreS1 Ag阳性表达率与妊娠结局的关系。受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清HBV pgRNA、PreS1 Ag光密度[D(λ)]值诊断慢性乙型肝炎孕妇合并ICP的效能。结果 合并ICP组慢性乙型肝炎病人血清HBV表面抗原(HbsAg)水平[(3.71±0.92)log IU/mL]、HBV e抗原(HbeAg)阳性率[65.12%(28/43)]、HBV DNA含量[(8.03±1.69)log copies/mL]、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)[(79.68±15.73)U/L]、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)[(72.08±16.95)U/L]、PreS1 Ag阳性表达率[88.37%(38/43)]、PreS1 Ag D(λ)值水平(1.24±0.25)及HBV pgRNA表达水平[(5.17±1.25)log copies/mL]明显高于未合并ICP组[(2.26±0.74)log IU/mL、24.15%(57/236)、(5.19±1.07)logcopies/mL、(23.01±12.47)U/L、(21.76±10.51)U/L、67.80%(160/236)、(0.92±0.23)、(3.02±0.98)logcopies/mL](P<0.05)。血清HBV pgRNA诊断慢性乙型肝炎孕妇合并ICP的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.89,灵敏度为81.40%,特异度为80.50%。PreS1 Ag D(λ)值诊断慢性乙型肝炎孕妇合并ICP的AUC为0.83,灵敏度为76.70%,特异度为79.20%。二者联合诊断的AUC为0.91,灵敏度为93.00%,特异度为78.40%。合并ICP组、未合并ICP组血清PreS1 Ag阳性的慢性乙型肝炎病人血清HBV DNA、HBV pgRNA表达水平均明显高于PreS1 Ag阴性表达病人(P<0.05)。合并ICP组、未合并ICP组血清HBV pgRNA、PreS1 Ag D(λ)值均与HBV DNA表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。合并ICP组产后出血、早产的发生率明显高于未合并ICP组(P<0.05)。发生不良妊娠结局的慢性乙型肝炎合并ICP病人血清PreS1 Ag阳性表达率、PreS1 Ag D(λ)值、HBV pgRNA表达水平均明显高于未发生不良妊娠结局病人(P<0.05)。结论 合并ICP的慢性乙型肝炎病人血清HBV pgRNA表达水平、PreS1 Ag阳性表达率及D(λ)值水平均明显升高,对ICP有一定诊断价值,且两者水平变化均与HBV DNA含量有关,并可能预示病人不良妊娠结局的发生。

Iron overload and cofactors with special reference to alcohol,hepatitis C virus infection and steatosis/insulin resistance

There are several cofactors which affect body iron metabolism and accelerate iron overload. Alcohol and hepatic viral infections are the most typical examples for clarifying the role of cofactors in iron overload. In these conditions, iron is deposited in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells and reactive oxygen species （ROS） produced through Fenton reaction have key role to facilitate cellular uptake of transferrin-bound iron. Furthermore, hepcidin, antimicrobial peptide produced mainly in the liver is also responsible for intestinal iron absorption and reticuloendothelial iron release. In patients with ceruloplasmin deficiency, anemia and secondary iron overload in liver and neurodegeneration are reported. Furthermore, there is accumulating evidence that fatty acid accumulation without alcohol and obesity itself modifies iron overload states. Ineffective erythropoiesis is also an important factor to accelerate iron overload, which is associated with diseases such as thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. When this condition persists, the dietary iron absorption is increased due to the increment of bone marrow erythropoiesis and tissue iron overload will thereafter occurs. In porphyria cutanea tarda, iron is secondarily accumulated in the liver.

Prognostic Relevance of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Background and Aims:Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is prevalent in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).The effect of the histologic MAFLD phenotype on long-term CHB outcomes is unknown.We performed a longitudinal study to determine the prognostic relevance of biopsy-proven hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis for CHB patients.Methods:Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy during 2002–2008 and were treated with antiviral drugs.A hepatopathologist reviewed the biopsy specimens.Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)of outcomes,including all-cause mortality,liver transplantation,and liver-related events.Results:In accordance with Brunt’s classification,408 patients had steatohepatitis(n=34),“steatosis but not steatohepatitis”(n=118),or“non-steatosis”(n=256).All steatohepatitis patients had features of metabolic dysfunction.Over a mean follow-up of 13.8±3.1 years,18 patients died or underwent liver transplantation.In multivariate-adjusted analysis,steatohepatitis(aHR,6.37;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.59–25.5)compared with non-steatosis and advanced fibrosis(aHR,11.3;95%CI:1.32–96.3)compared with no fibrosis were associated with overall mortality/liver transplantation.Thirty-five patients developed 43 liver-related events,among which 32 were hepatocellular carcinoma.These events were associated with steatohepatitis(aHR,5.55;95%CI:2.01–15.3)compared with non-steatosis and advanced fibrosis(aHR,6.23;95%CI:1.75–22.2)compared with no fibrosis.The steatosis but not steatohepatitis group had a nonsignificantly higher risk of overall mortality and liver-related events.Conclusions:Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis increased the risk of long-term mortality/transplantation and liver-related events in CHB patients.

Clinical impact and mechanisms of hepatitis B virus infection concurrent with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is an important threat to global health despite the administration of vaccines and the use of antiviral treatments.In recent years,as the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome has increased,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in patients with CHB has become more common.Both diseases can lead to liver fibrosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma,but the risk of dual etiology,outcome,and CHB combined with NAFLD is not fully elucidated.In this review,we assess the overlapping prevalence of NAFLD and CHB,summarize recent studies of clinical and basic research related to potential interactions,and evaluate the progressive changes of treatments for CHB patients with NAFLD.This review increases the understanding of the relationship and mechanisms of interaction between steatosis and hepatitis B virus infection,and it provides new strategies for the future clinical management and treatment of CHB combined with NAFLD.

妊娠期HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭的临床特征和转归

目的探讨妊娠期HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)患者的临床特征和转归。方法回顾性分析上海市公共卫生临床中心2008年6月—2020年7月收治的26例妊娠期HBV-ACLF患者的临床资料,包括年龄、发病孕周、产次、首发症状、入院时并发症、实验室指标(WBC、Hb、PLT、ALT、TBil、Alb、SCr、MELD评分、HBsAg、HBV DNA等)、腹部超声、分娩方式、胎儿情况、治疗措施、预后转归等。正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用t检验;非正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;计数资料2组间比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher精确检验。结果26例患者中8例均在发病后28 d内死亡,病死率达30.8%。经产妇22例,占84.6%,ACLF往往发生在妊娠晚期(20/26,76.9%),平均发病孕周为(30.9±5.8)周。HBV-ACLF临床表现不典型,首发症状常为乏力、纳差(21/26,80.8%)和尿黄(19/26,73.1%)等。死亡组的TBil(Z=-2.056,P=0.041)、凝血酶原时间(Z=-2.362,P=0.016)、国际标准化比值(Z=-2.528,P=0.009)、MELD评分(Z=-2.223,P=0.026)、首发症状至诊断时间(t=-2.468,P=0.021)、HBV DNA水平(χ^(2)=7.571,P=0.021)、肝性脑病严重程度(χ^(2)=24.775,P<0.001)、并发症发生率(χ^(2)=5.951,P=0.042)显著高于存活组,而纤维蛋白原(Z=-2.667,P=0.006)、凝血酶原活动度(Z=-2.365,P=0.016)水平明显低于存活组。结论HBV-ACLF是妊娠晚期严重并发症,经产妇多见,短期病死率极高。其早期临床表现隐匿,高MELD评分、高病毒载量和并发症的出现往往提示预后不良。

Control of oxidative stress in hepatocellular carcinoma: Helpful or harmful?

Oxidative stress is becoming recognized as a key factor in the progression of chronic liver disease(CLD) and hepatocarcinogenesis. The metabolically important liver is a major reservoir of mitochondria that serve as sources of reactive oxygen species, which are apparently responsible for the initiation of necroinflammation. As a result, CLD could be a major inducer of oxidative stress. Chronic hepatitis C is a powerful generator of oxidative stress, causing a high rate of hepatocarcinogenesis among patients with cirrhosis. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is also associated with oxidative stress although its hepatocarcinogenic potential is lower than that of chronic hepatitis C. Analyses of serum markers and histological findings have shown that hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with oxidative stress and experimental data indicate that oxidative stress increases the likelihood of developing hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the results of antioxidant therapy have not been favorable. Physiological oxidative stress is a necessary biological response, and thus adequate control of oxidative stress and a balance between oxidative and anti-oxidative responses is important. Several agents including metformin and L-carnitine can reportedly control mechanistic oxidative stress. This study reviews the importance of oxidative stress in hepatocarcinogenesis and of control strategies for the optimal survival of patients with CLD and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Etiology of chronic liver diseases in the Northwest of Italy, 1998 through 2014

AIM To assess the etiology of chronic liver diseases(CLD) from 1998 to 2014 at the outpatient clinic of Gastroenterology of the main hospital in Northwest of Italy among those dedicated to hepatology.METHODS A random sample of charts of patients referred to for increased liver enzymes between January 1998 and December 2006, and between January 2012 and December 2014 were reviewed. Etiology search included testing for hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis C virus(HCV), autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, Wilson's disease and hereditary hemocromatosis. A risky alcohol consumption was also considered. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) was diagnosed in patients with histological and/or ultrasound evidence of steatosis/steatohepatitis, and without other causes of CLD.RESULTS The number of patients included was 1163. Of them, 528(45%) had positivity for HCV and 85(7%) for HBV. Among the virus-free patients, 417(36%) had metabolic disorders whereas the remaining had history of alcohol abuse, less prevalent causes of CLD or concomitant conditions. In comparison to 1998-2000(41%), a reduction of HCV alone-related cases was detected during the periods 2001-2003(35%, OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.53-1.06), 2004-2006(33%, OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.50-0.97) and 2012-2014(31%, OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.46-0.91). On the contrary, in comparison to 1998-2000(31%), metabolic-alone disorders increased in the period 2004-2006(39%, OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 0.99-1.91) and 2012-2014(41%, OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.09-2.16). The other etiologies remained stable. The increase of incidence of metabolic-alone etiology during the period 2004-2006 and 2012-2014 tended to be higher in older patients(≥ 50 years) compared to younger(P = 0.058).CONCLUSION In the Northwest of Italy, during this study period, the prevalence of HCV infection decreased notably whereas that of NAFLD increased.

Psoriasis:Biologic treatment and liver disease

Patients with moderate or severe psoriasis have a high prevalence of chronic liver disease. Chronic liver disease in these patients is related to metabolic syndrome, alcohol abuse or viral infections. Therefore,treatment of these patients is challenging. Classic systemic treatments may be contraindicated because of their immunosuppressive and hepatotoxic potential.First-line therapy in this setting is generally ultraviolet B phototherapy combined with topical treatment, but its feasibility and efficacy are sometimes limited. The therapeutic options are further restricted by concomitant psoriatic arthritis. Biologic treatments have shown to be effective in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and they are largely devoid of liver toxicity. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) treatments have proven to be effective and safe in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infections and other non-infectious chronic liver disorders, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. However, in chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV), anti-TNF-α treatments carry a high risk of HBV reactivation. Anti-interleukin-12/23 treatments are also effective in patients with psoriasis, but data regarding their safety in chronic hepatitis infections are still limited. Safety reports in patients with psoriasis and chronic HCV infection are contradictory, and in chronic HBVevidence indicate a potential risk of viral reactivation. Moreover, concerns remain about the long-term safety of both TNF-α antagonists and ustekinumab. Non-viral liver diseases such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases are more prevalent in patients with psoriasis than in the general population. TNF-α antagonists have also been prescribed in these patients. Although data are still scarce in this setting, results suggest a favorable profile in patients with psoriasis and non-alcoholic liver diseases. We review the literature regarding all these aspects.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Known and Emerging Risk Factors

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer with a high mortality rate. While chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections represent the leading risk factors worldwide, the spreading of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) justifies the increasing attention on their oncogenic mechanisms. This review discusses about the main pathogenic mechanisms implicated in occurrence of HCC in presence of viral and metabolic diseases. Additionally, it points to the importance of clinical surveillance for those patients considered at risk of HCC and highlights the strategical role of serum markers, such as alfa-fetoprotein (αFP) and Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist II (PIVKA-II), which, in association to a strictly instrumental follow-up, contribute to the early detection of hepatic nodules with a better prognosis for affected patients.

基于RFH-NPT营养风险评估的饮食管理对慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的影响

目的 探讨基于皇家自由医院-营养优先次序工具(RFH-NPT)营养风险评估的饮食管理对慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者营养状态及肝功能的影响。方法 纳入2020年3月-2023年3月医院收治的120例慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者为研究对象,按照组间基本资料具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组实施常规营养护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于RFH-NPT营养风险评估的饮食管理,两组均干预3个月。比较两组患者干预前后营养状态[体质指数(BMI)、上臂肌围(AMC)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)]、肝功能[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、单胺氧化酶(MAO)]、肝纤维化程度[Ⅲ型前胶原(PC-Ⅲ)、 Ⅳ型胶原( Ⅳ-C)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸酶(HA)]、希望水平[Herth希望量表(HHI)]、生活质量[慢性肝病问卷(CLDQ)]。记录并比较两组患者干预期间并发症发生情况。结果 干预后,观察组患者BMI、AMC、ALB、PA水平和HHI量表评分、CLDQ量表评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后观察组患者ALT、TBIL、MAO水平低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,两组患者PC-Ⅲ、 Ⅳ-C、LN、HA水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预期间,两组患者肝肾综合征、消化道出血、腹膜炎总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 基于RFH-NPT营养风险评估的饮食管理应用于慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者中,可有效改善其营养状态和肝功能,缓解其肝纤维化进程,提高患者生活质量。

慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭临床特征及血浆置换治疗对其预后的影响

目的探讨乙型肝炎相关的慢加急性肝衰竭患者的临床特征,以及血浆置换（PE）对慢加急性肝衰竭治疗的疗效。方法按肝衰竭诊疗指南的诊断标准,收集2012年5月至2014年2月我科诊治的52例乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者的住院临床资料。使用德国BE公司血液凝固分析仪检测凝血功能指标;使用美国Beckman LH750血球分析仪检测血细胞计数;使用日立7600全自动生化分析仪检测血清生化指标。结果 16例死亡患者入院时凝血酶原时间（PT）为（48.8±11.7）s、活化部分凝血酶时间（APTT）为（65.8±19.0）s、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比率（INR）为（2.4±1.0）、血氨为（100.1±74.7）μmol/L,均显著高于36例生存患者[分别为（42.7±14.0）s、（48.0±11.4）s、（1.7±0.4）和（47.9±21.5）μmol/L,P〈0.05];死亡组入院时凝血酶原活动度（PTA）为（31.8±12.9）%、血小板计数为（85.6±61.3）×10～9/L、白蛋白为（29.2±4.1）g/L、血钾为（3.8±0.5）mmol/L,均显著低于生存组[分别为（47.9±21.2）%、（133.4±50.7）×10～9/L、（32.8±4.7）g/L、（4.1±0.6）mmol/L,P〈0.05];死亡组发生肝性脑病、腹水、自发性腹膜炎、电解质紊乱和发生2个以上并发症所占比例（分别为37.5%、68.75%、25%、62.5%、62.5%）显著高于生存组（分别为2.8%、30.35%、2.8%、11.11%、11.11%,P〈0.05）;患者在接受PE治疗后PTA[（44.8±23.5）%]、白细胞计数[（8.0±3.6×10～9）/L]、白蛋白[（36.4±3.6）g/L]、血尿素氮[（7.1±4.6）mmol/L]较治疗前显著升高[分别为（36.6±14.6）%、（5.9±2.8×10～9）/L、（33.7±4.1）g/L、（5.4±3.8）mmol/L,P〈0.05],红细胞计数[（3.9±0.7×10～9）/L]、血红蛋白[（119.5±18.2）g/L]、ALT为[（100.6±67.9）U/L]、AST[（120.0±62.8）U/L]、总胆红素[（335.7±121.3）μmol/L]、间接胆红素[（226.3±77.9）μmol/L]较治疗前显著降低[分别为（4.2±0.8×10～9）/L、（130.6±23.8）g/L、（300.0±302.3）U/L、（227.2±174.6）U/L,（410.8±129.8）μmol/L,（290.4±100.5）μmol/L,P〈0.05]。结论凝血酶原时间、血小板和白蛋白是判断乙型肝炎相关的慢加急性肝衰竭患者预后的敏感的实验室指标,发生并发症的患者预后差,PE治疗可暂时改善患者的凝血功能及肝功能指标,却对其生存无影响。

综合护理干预在慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者中的应用

目的探究与分析综合护理干预在慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者中的应用。方法选取2012年3月～2016年3月中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的90例慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者，按照就诊时间顺序将其分为常规护理组（2012年3月～2014年3月）与综合护理干预组（2014年4月～2016年3月），每组各45例。比较两组患者护理前后慢性乙型肝炎疾病相关知识的掌握情况，服药、定期复查依从性，焦虑抑郁评分及并发症发生率。结果护理后两组患者疾病相关知识掌握情况评分均较护理前明显提高，且综合护理干预组高于常规护理组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。与常规护理组比较，综合护理干预组忘记服药、自行增减药物服用剂量、自行停药患者比例较低，定期门诊复查患者比例较高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。护理后两组患者焦虑抑郁评分均较护理前降低，且综合护理干预组低于常规护理组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。综合护理干预组肝性脑病、消化道出血、肝肾综合征、继发感染发生率明显低于常规护理组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论综合护理干预可提高慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者疾病相关知识的掌握程度及治疗依从性，降低并发症的发生，临床疗效显著，值得推广。

慢性乙型肝炎合并脂肪肝的临床特征

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎合并脂肪肝的临床特征,与非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)比较,在体质指数、脂肪肝指数、血脂等方面的差异。方法选择慢性乙型肝炎合并脂肪肝68例,NASH 62例,检测丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷胺酰转移酶(GGT)、总胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1、载脂蛋白A2、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)及腹部彩超。计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、脂肪肝指数(FLI)、体质指数(BMI)等进行对比分析。结果乙肝合并脂肪肝组BMI、ALT、HOMA-IR、FLI水平较正常范围升高,其ALT、TCHO、TG、LDC-C均显著低于NASH组;乙肝合并脂肪肝FLI≥60组比较FLI<30组,ALT明显升高,而HDL-C明显降低;胰岛素抵抗指数差异无显著性。结论慢性乙型肝炎合并脂肪肝患者存在明显胰岛素抵抗和代谢紊乱,FLI更加敏感地反应了慢性乙型肝炎合并脂肪肝的代谢紊乱程度,联合检测FLI与HOMA-IR比单独HOMA-IR更准确地判断慢性乙型肝炎的胰岛素抵抗和脂肪肝倾向。

3008例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的并发症及死因分析

目的研究首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院乙型肝炎肝硬化住院患者的并发症、合并症及死亡的相关危险因素。方法分别回顾性分析本院2008年1月至2010年12月2568例和2011年1月至2014年9月3008例乙型肝炎肝硬化住院患者的相关资料。结果发现乙型肝炎肝硬化并发症发病率最高为原发性肝癌,不同时期比较发现发病率呈上升趋势(P=0.000),其余并发症如腹水、上消化道出血、自发性细菌性腹膜炎、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征发病率呈下降趋势(P=0.000)。2型糖尿病、高血压等合并症发病率前后比较无统计学差异(P=0.399,P=0.089)。除自发性细菌性腹膜炎外,肺部感染是肝硬化住院患者最易发的感染。对不同时期死亡的相关危险因素进行多元回归分析,肝癌、自发性细菌性腹膜炎、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征和上消化道出血均与病死显著相关(P=0.000)。结论原发性肝癌仍然是乙型肝炎肝硬化最常见并发症,也是乙型肝炎肝硬化最主要的病死原因,病死患者均伴发多种并发症。