Expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats with periodontitis under chronic intermittent hypoxia

Objective: To discuss the expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats with periodontitis under the chronic intermittent hypoxia. Methods: A total of 32 SD healthy rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 8 rats in each group. The molecular biological techniques of immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the effect of different hypoxia time(0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) and different concentrations of hypoxia(0.000, 0.001, 0.010, 0.060 and 0.100 ppm) on the expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats of four groups. Results: The expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in each group was significantly higher than the one at other concentrations when the concentration was 0.010 ppm, with the statistical difference(P<0.05). The expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 was that normoxic control group > periodontitis group> chronic intermittent hypoxia group > compound group under the action with the concentration of 0.010 ppm for 12 h, but there was no significant difference for the comparison among groups(P>0.05). Conclusions: The condition of chronic intermittent hypoxia can reduce the expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats with periodontitis and aggravate the damage of periodontal bone.

Atorvastatin Attenuates Myocardial Hypertrophy Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia In Vitro Partly through miR-31/PKCε Pathway

Atorvastatin is proven to ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH）. However, little is known about the mechanism by which atorvastatin modulates CIH-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and whether specific hypertrophyrelated microRNAs are involved in the modulation. MiR-31 plays key roles in the development of cardiac hypertrophy induced by ischemia/hypoxia. This study examined whether miR-31 was involved in the protective role of atorvastatin against CIH-induced myocardial hypertrophy. H9c2 cells were subjected to 8-h intermittent hypoxia per day in the presence or absence of atorvastatin for 5 days. The size of cardiomyocytes, and the expression of caspase 3 and miR-31 were determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. MiR-31 mimic or Ro 31-8220, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C epsilon （PKCε）, was used to determine the role of miR-31 in the anti-hypertrophic effect of atorvastatin on cardiomyocytes. PKCε in the cardiomyocytes with miR-31 upregulation or downregulation was detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that CIH induced obvious enlargement of cardiomyocytes, which was paralleled with increased atrial natriuretic peptide （ANP）, brain natriuretic peptide （BNP）, and slow/beta cardiac myosin heavy-chain （MYHT） mRNA levels. All these changes were reversed by the treatment with atorvastatin. Meanwhile, miR-31 was increased by CIH in vitro. Of note, the atorvastatin pretreatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of PKCε and decreased that of miR-31. Moreover, overexpression of miR-31 abolished the anti-hypertrophic effect of atorvastatin on cardiomyocytes. Upregulation and downregulation of miR-31 respectively decreased and increased the mRNA and protein expression of PKCε. These results suggest that atorvastatin provides the cardioprotective effects against CIH probably via up-regulating PKCε and down-regulating miR-31.

Influence of chronic intermittent hypoxia on growth associated protein 43 expression in the hippocampus of young rats

This study aimed to explore the pathological change to hippocampal neurons and the expression of growth associated protein 43 in 21-day-old young rats following chronic intermittent hypoxia. Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed varying degrees of degeneration and necrosis in hippocampal neurons depending on the modeling time. Immunohistochemistry revealed that growth associated protein 43 expression in young rats following chronic intermittent hypoxia decreased, but that levels were still higher than those of normal rats at each time point, especially 4 weeks after modeling. During 1 5 weeks after modeling, a slow growth in rat weight was observed. Experimental findings indicate that chronic intermittent hypoxia may induce growth dysfunction and necrosis of hippocampal neurons, as well as increase the expression of growth associated protein 43 in young rats.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces cardiac inflammation and dysfunction in a rat obstructive sleep apnea model

Chronic intermittent hypoxia is considered to play an important role in cardiovascular pathogenesis during the development of obstructive sleep apnea（OSA）.We used a well-described OSA rat model induced with simultaneous intermittent hypoxia.Male Sprague Dawley rats were individually placed into plexiglass chambers with air pressure and components were electronically controlled.The rats were exposed to intermittent hypoxia 8 hours daily for 5weeks.The changes of cardiac structure and function were examined by ultrasound.The cardiac pathology,apoptosis,and fibrosis were analyzed by H＆E staining,TUNNEL assay,and picosirius staining,respectively.The expression of inflammation and fibrosis marker genes was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot.Chronic intermittent hypoxia/low pressure resulted in significant increase of left ventricular internal diameters（LVIDs）,endsystolic volume（ESV）,end-diastolic volume（EDV）,and blood lactate level and marked reduction in ejection fraction and fractional shortening.Chronic intermittent hypoxia increased TUNNEL-positive myocytes,disrupted normal arrangement of cardiac fibers,and increased Sirius stained collagen fibers.The expression levels of hypoxia induced factor（HIF）-l α,NF-κB,IL-6,and matrix metallopeptidase 2（MMP-2） were significantly increased in the heart of rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia.In conclusion,the left ventricular function was adversely affected by chronic intermittent hypoxia,which is associated with increased expression of HIF-lα and NF-κB signaling molecules and development of cardiac inflammation,apoptosis and fibrosis.

Effect of NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor Apocynin on the Expression of Hypoxia-induced Factor-1α and Endothelin-1 in Rat Carotid Body Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia

The effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） oxidase inhibitor apocynin on the enhanced hypoxia induced factor-let （HIF-lct） and endothelin-1 （ET-1） expression, elevated systolic blood pressure under chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH） condition and its action mechanism were investigated. Thirty healthy 8-week old Sprague-Dawley （SD） male rats were randomly divided into three groups （n=10 each）： sham group, CIH group, and apocynin-treated CIH group. Tail artery systolic blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of HIF-lu and ET-1 in the carotid body, and the HIF-1a protein expression was examined by using Western blotting. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） were determined by using colorimetric method. In addition, the plasma ET-1 and HIF-1a levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was found that CIH exposure was associated with increased MDA levels, and apo- cynin-treated CIH animals showed reduction in MDA levels. Apocynin treatment prevented CIH-induced hypertension as well as CIH-induced decrease in SOD. The increases of HIF-1a and ET-1 mRNA along with HIF-la protein expression in the carotid body, and elevated circulating HIF-1a and ET-1 levels were observed in CIH-exposed animals. Treatment with apocynin significantly decreased the ET-1 mRNA, HIF-lct protein expression and circulating HIF-la level in CIH-exposed animals, and there was no statistically significant difference in the HIF-lu mRNA expression between CIH group and apo- cynin-treated group. These results indicated that apocynin alleviated CIH-induced hypertension by inhibiting NADPH oxidase, further leading to the reduced vasoconstrictor ET-1 level and oxidative stress. HIF-1a/ET-1 system signal pathway may interact with CIH-induced NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative stress. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity may hopefully serve as a useful strategy for prevention and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome-induced hypertension.

Adiponectin Ameliorated Pancreatic Islet Injury Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia through Inhibiting the Imbalance in Mitochondrial Fusion and Division

Objective This study aimed to assess the protective value of adiponectin(APN)in pancreatic islet injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH).Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control(NC)group,CIH group,and CIH with APN supplement(CIH+APN)group.After 5 weeks of CIH exposure,we conducted oral glucose tolerance tests(OGTT)and insulin released test(IRT),examined and compared the adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)levels,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,enzymes gene expression levels of Ant1,Cs,Hmox1,and Cox4 i1 which represented mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle function,the protein and gene expression levels of DRP1,FIS1,MFN1,and OPA1 which represented mitochondrial fusion and division,and the protein expression levels of BAX,BCL-2,cleaved Caspase-3,and cleaved PARP which represented mitochondrial associated apoptosis pathway of pancreatic islet.Results OGTT and IRT showed blood glucose and insulin levels had no differences among the NC,CIH and CIH+APN groups(both P>0.05)at 0 min,20 min,30 min,60 min,120 min.However,we found that compared to NC group,CIH increased the ROS level,reduced ATP level and MMP level.The islets of CIH exposed rats showed reduced gene expression levels of Ant1,Cs,Hmox1,and Cox4 i1,decreased protein and gene expression levels of MFN1 and OPA1,increased protein and gene expression levels of DRP1 and FIS1,increased protein expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP,with lower ratio of BCL-2/BAX at protein expression level.All the differences among three groups were statistically significant.APN treated CIH rats showed mitigated changes in the above measurements associated with islet injuries.Conclusion APN may ameliorate the pancreatic islet injury induced by CIH via inhibiting the imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and division.

Impairment of cognitive function and reduced hippocampal cholinergic activity in a rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia

The present study established a rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH） to simulate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. CIH rats were evaluated for cognitive function using the Morris water maze, and neuronal pathology in the hippocampus was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. In addition, hippocampal choline acetyl transferase （CHAT） and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （nAChR） expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Our results revealed necrotic hippocampal neurons, decreased ChAT and nAChR expression, as well as cognitive impairment in CIH rats. These results suggest that hippocampal neuronal necrosis and decreased cholinerqic activity may be involved in CIH-induced cognitive impairment in rats.

Short-term Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats

Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) is a treatment of moderate hypoxia that simulates high altitude interrupted by normoxia. Growing evidence shows that CIHH has multiple beneficial effects on

Interesting and unusual cases of chronic abdominal pain-intermittent gastric volvulus

Objective: Intermittent gastric volvulus is a rare disease that requires high index of suspicion for diagnosis and treatment. The incidence and prevalence is unknown, may be due to under reporting or under diagnosis. Gastric volvulus may be transient producing few symptoms. The Borchardt’s Triad may be present only during an acute presentation. Common symptoms may mislead to diagnose a nonsurgical disease if an evaluation is not done, keeping in mind a possibility of gastric volvulus, even if a UGI scopy is normal. Cases may be submerged in the community being undiagnosed. Case Series: CASE 1: 21 yrs old male with intermittent abdominal pain for 1(1/2) yrs with marfanoid habitus, MVP and a normal UGI scopy. BMS revealed an Organo-Axial Volvulus and ligament laxity per-operatively. CASE 2: 65 yrs old diabetic female with vomiting and abdominal pain for 3 months and left sided pneumonitis. UGI scopy showed twisted gastric folds immediately below OGJ and inability to visualise antrum. BMS revealed mixed volvulus with paraesophageal herniation of distal stomach. Per-operatively there was laxity of ligaments with omental content alone within the diaphragmatic rent. Posterior retrocolic sub-mucosal gastrojejunostomy(pexy) was done for all cases. Conclusion: Gastric volvulus should be thought of in a case of chronic intermittent abdominal pain with normal baseline evaluation. A Chest X-ray and BMS should be done, at the time of symptoms.

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression in Treatment of Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction: The benefit of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) for the prevention of venous thromboembolism and lymphedema has been well established in the literature. Recent evidence suggests that IPC plays a beneficial role in circulation, hemodynamic peripheral pump, intravascular coagulation and arterial skin perfusion. Despite such evidence, the use of IPC in the treatment of resistant and chronic venous leg ulcers, has received little attention in practice. Case Presentation: We would like to report the case of successfully treated chronic and bilateral venous leg ulcer in an obese patient with IPC application and a review of the literature. Results: The use of IPC as an adjuvant therapy to the traditional multilayered compression therapy permitted significant resolution of the ulcers, reduced secondary infection incidence and prevented ulcer recurrence. Conclusion: In obese, minimally mobile patients with venous ulcers not responding to the traditional multilayered compression therapy application of IPC, an adjuvant therapy is recommended.

Shengmaisan combined with Liuwei Dihuang Decoction alleviates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment by activating the EPO/EPOR/JAK2 signaling pathway

Chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH),a principal pathophysiological aspect of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),is associated with cognitive deficits.Clinical evidence suggests that a combination of Shengmaisan and Liuwei Dihuang Decoctions(SMS-LD)can enhance cognitive function by nourishing yin and strengthening the kidneys.This study aimed to assess the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of SMS-LD in addressing cognitive impairments induced by CIH.We exposed C57BL/6N mice to CIH for five weeks(20%-5%O_(2),5 min/cycle,8 h/day)and administered SMS-LD intragastrically(15.0 or 30 g·kg^(-1)·day)30 min before each CIH session.Additionally,AG490,a JJanus kinase 2(JAK2)inhibitor,was administered via intracerebroventricular injection.Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze,while synaptic and mitochondrial structures were examined by transmission electron microscopy.Oxidative stress levels were determined using DHE staining,and the activation of the erythropoietin(ER)/ER receptor(EPOR)/JAK2 signaling pathway was analyzed through immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.To further investigate molecular mechanisms,HT22 cells were treated in vitro with either SMS-LD medicated serum alone or in combination with AG490 and then exposed to CIH for 48 h.Our results indicate that SMS-LD significantly mitigated CIH-induced cognitive impairments in mice.Specifically,SMS-LD treatment enhanced dendritic spine density,ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction,reduced oxidative stress,and activated the EPO/EPOR/JAK2 signaling pathway.Conversely,AG490 negated SMS-LD’s neuroprotective and cognitive improvement effects under CIH conditions.These findings suggest that SMS-LD’s beneficial impact on cognitive impairment and synaptic and mitochondrial integrity under CIH conditions may predominantly be attributed to the activation of the EPO/EPOR/JAK2 signaling pathway.

Beneficial effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on the body

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion(I/R) is a common problem in clinic and there is no satisfactory method for prevention or treatment of I/R injury so far.Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia(CIHH),similar to the concept of ischemia preconditioning(IPC)or altitude hypoxia adaptation(AHA),has been recognized to confer a protective effect on heart against I/R injury with a longer protective effect than IPC and a less adverse effect than AHA.It has been proved that CIHH increases myocardial tolerance to ischemia or hypoxia,reserving cardiac function and preventing arrhythmia during I/R.Multiple mechanisms or pathway underlying the cardiac protection of CIHH have been proposed,such as induction of heatshock protein,enhancement of myocardial antioxidation capacity,increase of coronary flow and myocardial capillary angiogenesis,activation of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-sensitive potassium channels,inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pores,and activation of protein kinase C(PKC) and induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).In addition,CIHH has been found having many beneficial effects on the body,such as promotion of health,increase of oxygen utilization,and prevention or treatment for some diseases.The beneficial effects of CIHH and potential mechanisms are reviewed mainly based on the researches performed by our group.

体外膈肌起搏器联合间歇式训练在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者肺康复中的应用

目的探讨体外膈肌起搏器联合间歇式训练在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者肺康复中的应用价值。方法选取2019年2月至2022年2月南京市第一医院呼吸内科门诊或急诊收治的100例AECOPD患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组,各50例。对照组采用间歇式训练干预,试验组采用体外膈肌起搏器联合间歇式训练,两组均持续接受干预到出院,出院时进行效果评价。对两组膈肌功能、肺功能进行比较。结果干预后,两组膈肌活动度、膈肌增厚分数高于干预前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组第1秒用力呼气量(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV_(1)/FVC水平高于干预前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用体外膈肌起搏器联合间歇式训练干预AECOPD患者能显著改善膈肌功能,促进肺功能康复。

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者多导睡眠监测性别差异的研究

目的评估阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者多导睡眠监测(PSG)结果中呼吸事件和睡眠结构的性别差异。方法回顾性分析2023年1~8月因睡眠打鼾就诊于北京同仁医院,完成整夜PSG,呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5次/h均诊断为OSAS的成年人患者。比较男性和女性OSAS患者的基本特征、呼吸事件和睡眠结构。结果共纳入380例OSAS患者,其中男293例(77.1%),女87例(22.9%)。年龄22~78(44.4±11.5)岁,体重指数(BMI)为15.8~39.9(26.5±3.9)kg/m^(2),AHI为5.0~115.8(34.9±24.8)次/h,最低血氧饱和度(lowest oxygen saturation,LSpO_(2))为43%~97%(80.7±11.6)%。男性和女性OSAS患者比较,AHI值男性高于女性[(37.9±24.8)次/h vs.(24.5±21.7)次/h,P=0.000],REM期AHI值男性高于女性[(36.7±23.2)次/h vs.(30.9±22.8)次/h,P=0.040],LSpO_(2)男性低于女性[(79.2±12.0)%vs.(85.7±8.3)%,P=0.000];觉醒指数、睡眠有效率、一期睡眠占总睡眠时间百分比和三期睡眠占总睡眠时间百分比,差异比较均有统计学意义。50岁以上男性和女性OSAS患者,AHI值男性高于女性[(39.3±21.4)次/h vs.(30.5±23.0)次/h,P=0.029],LSpO_(2)、REM期AHI值差异无显著性。睡眠结构性别间的差异与研究对象总体一致。结论男性OSAS患者AHI值、LSpO_(2)较女性患者严重,慢波睡眠减少更为明显;女性更年期后病情加重,突出表现为REM期呼吸事件增多、LSpO_(2)下降更严重。女性激素对OSAS的保护作用主要是减轻REM期呼吸事件和低氧损伤,而不是通过改善睡眠结构。

不同分期痛风性关节炎患者NALP3炎性体及外周血γδT细胞水平观察

目的观察不同分期痛风性关节炎(GA)患者NALP3炎性体及外周血γδT细胞水平。方法回顾性选取2022年7月至2023年7月在河北省沧州中西医结合医院接受治疗的96例GA患者作为研究对象。依据GA临床分期,分为急性关节炎期组(n=38)、间歇期组(n=26)、慢性关节炎期组(n=32)。另选取同期于本院体检中心体检的健康者35名设为对照组。观察各组NALP3炎性体及外周血γδT细胞水平,分析各组GA患者的临床指标,包括血尿酸、血肌酐、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平及白细胞计数(WBC)。采用Pearson相关性分析急性关节炎期患者外周血γδT细胞及其亚型、NALP3炎性体与临床指标的关系。结果各组NALP3、γδT1细胞比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组Caspase-1、ASC、γδT细胞、γδT2细胞比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,急性关节炎期组、间歇期组、慢性关节炎期组Caspase-1水平均高于对照组,γδT细胞和γδT2细胞比例均低于对照组,且病情程度越高,Caspase-1水平越高,γδT细胞和γδT2细胞比例越低;急性关节炎期组、间歇期组、慢性关节炎期组ASC水平均高于对照组,但急性关节炎期组低于间歇期组、慢性关节炎期组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、CRP水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组血尿酸、WBC、血肌酐水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,急性关节炎期组、间歇期组、慢性关节炎期组的血尿酸、WBC、血肌酐水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且病情程度越高,血尿酸、WBC、血肌酐水平越高。相关性分析显示,γδT细胞在淋巴细胞中的比例及γδT1细胞在γδT细胞中的比例与血尿酸、血肌酐、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、WBC、CRP指标无明显相关性;γδT2在γδT细胞中的比例与甘油三酯、WBC呈负相关(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,NALP3 mRNA表达与血肌酐、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、WBC指标无明显相关性;与血尿酸、CRP呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论NALP3炎性体及外周血γδT细胞参与GA的发展,Caspase-1、γδT细胞和γδT2细胞可作为痛风的急性炎症标记物,而ASC不能作为痛风的急性炎症标记物,同时γδT2在γδT细胞中的比例与甘油三酯、WBC呈负相关,NALP3 mRNA表达与血尿酸、CRP呈正相关,为临床病情评估和治疗提供参考。

黄芪甲苷对慢性间歇性缺氧诱导的遗尿症大鼠TLR4-p38 MAPK通路的影响

目的 探讨黄芪甲苷对慢性间歇性缺氧诱导的遗尿症大鼠Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor-4,TLR4)/p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38 MAPK)信号通路的影响。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、黄芪甲苷低剂量组、黄芪甲苷中剂量组、黄芪甲苷高剂量组、去氨加压素组、脂多糖组、黄芪甲苷高剂量+脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide, LPS)组,每组12只。除对照组外,其他组均需采用慢性间歇性缺氧诱导的方法构建遗尿症大鼠模型,各组大鼠每天于进入动物舱前1 h进行给药处理,1次/d,持续4周。末次处理24 h后,检测各组大鼠24 h排尿量及膀胱漏尿点压(bladder leak point pressures, BLPP)值的变化;ELISA法检测大鼠血清中抗利尿激素(antidiuretic hormone, ADH)含量;HE染色检测大鼠膀胱组织病理变化;比色法检测大鼠膀胱组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性、丙二醛(malonic dialdehyde, MDA)含量;Western blot检测大鼠膀胱组织中P2X3、TLR4、p-p38蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠膀胱组织病理损伤严重,24 h排尿量增多,BLPP值变小,ADH含量、SOD活性降低,MDA含量和P2X3、TLR4、p-p38蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,黄芪甲苷低剂量组、黄芪甲苷中剂量组、黄芪甲苷高剂量组、去氨加压素组大鼠膀胱组织病理损伤减轻,24 h排尿量减少,BLPP值变大,ADH含量、SOD活性升高,MDA含量和P2X3、TLR4、p-p38蛋白表达降低,LPS组大鼠膀胱组织病理损伤加剧,24 h排尿量增多,BLPP值变小,ADH含量、SOD活性降低,MDA含量和P2X3、TLR4、p-p38蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与黄芪甲苷高剂量组比较,黄芪甲苷高剂量+LPS组大鼠膀胱组织病理损伤严重,24 h排尿量增多,BLPP值变小,ADH含量、SOD活性降低,MDA含量和P2X3、TLR4、p-p38蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。结论 黄芪甲苷可能通过抑制TLR4/p38MAPK信号通路改善慢性间歇性缺氧诱导的大鼠遗尿症。

无创通气间歇期经鼻高流量湿化氧疗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重临床效果及对患者气管插管率、血气指标的影响

目的:分析无创通气(NIV)间歇期经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)临床效果及对气管插管率、血气指标的影响。方法:回顾性收治的105例AECOPD患者资料,将患者分为对照组52例[接受无创通气(NIV)治疗与常规氧疗]和观察组53例(接受NIV联合HFNC治疗),比较两组患者临床指标、血气指标、治疗失败原因及不良反应。结果:观察组呼吸支持时间、NIV间歇歇息次数、NIV每日平均使用时间、ICU住院时间均短(小)于对照组(均P<0.05),两组气管插管率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))比治疗前明显升高,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))比治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),但两组治疗后PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)水平比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组患者呼吸困难加重率、治疗不耐受率均低于对照组(均P<0.05),两组CO_(2)潴留加重率、低氧血症加重率比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:NIV间歇期给予HFNC治疗AECOPD患者对气管插管率及血气指标的影响与常规氧疗差异不显著,但可改善患者其他临床指标,减少治疗失败情况及不良反应。

大鼠颈上神经节中Ⅰ组代谢型谷氨酸受体表达及慢性间歇性低氧对其的影响

目的观察Ⅰ组代谢型谷氨酸受体(mGluR1/5)在大鼠颈上神经节(SCG)组织的表达、定位,及慢性间歇性低氧(CIH)对mGluR1/5蛋白水平的影响。方法12只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(Ctrl)和CIH组(CIH),每组6只,模型制作6周。Western blotting检测CIH对mGluR1/5蛋白水平的影响,免疫组织化学法和免疫荧光共定位染色检测大鼠SCG中mGluR1/5的表达及分布。结果mGluR1/5表达于大鼠SCG,mGluR1分布于神经元和小强荧光(SIF)细胞,而在卫星胶质细胞(SGCs)、神经纤维和血管不表达;mGluR5主要分布于神经纤维,少量分布于神经元,而在SIF细胞、SGCs及血管不表达;CIH上调mGluR1/5的蛋白水平(P<0.01)。结论mGluR1和mGluR5均表达于大鼠SCG,但其表达部位有所不同,两者蛋白水平的升高可能参与了CIH诱导的血压升高。

抑制髓样细胞触发受体-1(TREM-1)减轻慢性间歇性低氧诱发的模型小鼠动脉粥样硬化

目的探究髓样细胞触发受体-1(TREM-1)在慢性间歇性低氧(CIH)诱发的动脉粥样硬化(AS)中作用。方法将ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和实验组。模型组和实验组小鼠饲养于低氧环境,给予高脂饲料喂养;实验组小鼠高脂饲养4周后,腹腔注射TREM-1抑制剂LR12(5 mg/kg),连续干预8周。饲养12周后,检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、三酰甘油(TG)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1(IL-1β)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)水平;组织学分析主动脉TREM-1表达、斑块面积及巨噬细胞水平。结果与空白组相比,模型组小鼠主动脉TREM-1表达量显著升高(P<0.05)。相比于模型组,实验组小鼠主动脉斑块显著减少,血清血脂(TC、LDL、TG)及炎性因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10)水平显著降低,主动脉斑块及斑块浸润巨噬细胞、TREM-1表达显著减少(P<0.05),且斑块中TREM-1表达与巨噬细胞为共定位。结论TREM-1参与CIH诱发的AS发生发展,抑制TREM-1能够减轻CIH诱发的AS,其机制与抑制巨噬细胞活化有关。

慢性间歇低氧和复氧对大鼠胰岛素抵抗及骨骼肌miR-27a-3p/PPARγ/IRS1/PI3K/AKT表达的影响

目的探讨慢性间歇低氧(CIH)和复氧对大鼠胰岛素抵抗(IR)及骨骼肌miR-27a-3p/PPARγ/IRS1/PI3K/AKT表达的影响。方法从基因表达数据库(GEO)中下载CIH条件下miRNA数据集,运用DESeq2筛选差异表达最显著的miRNA作为研究对象,使用miRNA walk网站对差异miRNA的靶基因进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,并Cytoscape软件构建miRNA-mRNA-pathway调控网络。将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照(CON)组和CIH组,24只/组,CON组常氧环境饲养12周,CIH组先予CIH环境饲养8周,再恢复常氧饲养4周。两组均在基线、8周、12周时留取血样和骨骼肌组织,检测空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,HE染色观察骨骼肌病理改变并计算肌纤维横截面积,实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)和Western blotting法检测骨骼肌miR-27a-3p、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)、胰岛素受体1(IRS1)、p-IRS1、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、磷酸激酶B(AKT)、p-AKT表达,比较组间差异。结果生信分析发现,GEO数据库未筛选出CIH状态下肌肉组织相关的miRNA数据集,仅得到肾脏组织差异表达miRNA的GSE202480数据集,从CON组和CIH组样本中筛选出165个差异表达的miRNA,选最显著miR-27a-3p作为研究对象。GO和KEGG分析显示,差异miRNA的靶基因主要参与肌肉调节和胰岛素信号传导。miRNA-mRNA-pathway调控网络显示miR-27a-3p是PPAR信号通路和PI3K/AKT信号通路的关键调控因子。动物实验发现,基线时,两组各项观察指标均无统计学意义(P>0.05);8周时,与CON组相比,CIH组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR、PPARγ显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),肌纤维排列疏松,肌纤维横截面积、miR-27a-3p、p-IRS1/IRS1、PI3K、p-AKT/AKT显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),GLUT4表达呈升高趋势但无统计学意义(P>0.05);12周时,两组各项观察指标均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CIH可导致大鼠IR增加和骨骼肌病理改变,而复氧可以逆转;CIH可致骨骼肌miR-27a-3p表达下调,PPARγ表达上调,IRS1/PI3K/AKT胰岛素信号转导受到抑制,而复氧干预可以逆转;miR-27a-3p可能通过调控PPARγ/IRS1/PI3K/AKT信号通路参与了CIH所致的IR。