Exploring the biological mechanism of qi deficiency syndrome with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)based on integrated pharmacology

Objective:To explore the potential biological mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)qi deficiency syndrome,we used the integrated pharmacology network computing platform and carried out experimental verification.Methods:Using an integrated pharmacology strategy to analyze the potential biological targets of COPD qi deficiency syndrome.Based on the established qi deficiency syndrome rat model of COPD,the biological targets of lung and skeletal muscle were detected by electron microscopy,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content assays,and western blotting.Results:According to the integrated pharmacological results,it was found that the locations of cell components related to COPD qi deficiency syndrome were mainly mitochondria.Electron microscopy results using lung tissue showed that mitochondria in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS group)and pulmonary instillation of LPS combined with cigarette smoke(LPStCS group)were swollen,deformed,and fragmented,with disappearing or broken crista.Results also showed that the total content of ATP in the lung and skeletal muscle of both groups was significantly lower than that in the control group at the 12th week(P<.05).At the 12th week,the expression of dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)and mitofusin 1(MFN1)protein was significantly difference than that of the control group(P<.05).At the 10th and 14th weeks,changes in fission and fusion proteins in mitochondria of the lung and skeletal muscle were further detected.There was also a significant difference in the expression between the two groups compared to that in the control group at the 10th week and 14th week(P<.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the changes in mitochondrial morphology and ATP content and the unbalanced expression of DRP1 and MFN1 might be the key mechanisms underlying qi deficiency syndrome in rats with COPD.

Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome: A diagnostic puzzle for the clinicians

Although asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) are distinct airway diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, in some cases distinguishing between them is puzzling. For example, chronic smoking leads asthmatic inflammation to a differentiated pattern resembling the COPD inflammation, and in some cases to fixed obstruction as in COPD, and on the other hand, few COPD patients may present with airway reversibility. ACOS is the condition sharing features encountered both in asthma and COPD. Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome(ACOS) represents a diagnostic challenge in the clinical practice, since there is lack of specific indicators to distinguish it from asthma or COPD, and moreover, genetic risk factors, underlying pathology and molecular pathways, clinical characteristics, therapeutic interventions, response to treatment and prognosis are poorly described. The management of ACOS is recommended to be individualized and should target on the maximum effectiveness with the least side effects. Combination therapy with ICS/LABA or LAMA, or newly developed specific anti-eosinophil therapies and treatments specifically targeting neutrophils might be of relevance in the management of ACOS, but studies are needed in order to assess the response and prognosis. Based on the current knowledge about ACOS thus far, it would be recommended that we approached chronic obstructive airway disease rather by describing than by classifying the disease; this would allow us to have a picture that better describes the disease and to implement an individualized therapeutic approach, according to the custom phenotype. Nevertheless, more studies are needed in order to clarify several important issues with regard to ACOS, such as the genetic risk factors for developing ACOS, the links between genotype and phenotype, the molecular pathways and underlying mechanisms of ACOS, the identification of possible specific biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted treatment, the optimal therapeutic interventions, and finally, the prognosis of ACOS.

Traditional Chinese medicine nursing protocols for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a complex respiratory disorder,characterized by chronic airflow limitation and an elevated inflammatory response of the airways.The people with COPD are more likely to develop comorbidities,with significant impacts on patients'quality of life,exacerbation frequency,and survival.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibits good therapeutic effects on improving the clinical symptoms,lung function and quality of life in patients with COPD.Herein,this article primarily summarized the key points of common syndromes,TCM nursing methods and healthy guidance of COPD,aiming at maintaining and developing the strengths of TCM,improving its efficacy and standardizing its behavior.

Clinical Observation of Qi Deficiency Syndrome in72 Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseTreated with Yiqi Mianyi Granule (益气免疫冲剂)

Seventy-two patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of Qi deficiency syn-drome with abnormal immune indices were treated with Yiqi Mianyi Granule (YQMYG) and the efficacy wascompared with that of 30 cases treated with Zhenqi fuzheng Granule (ZQFZG) for control. Results showedthat the markedly effective rate of symptomatic improvement ot Qi deficiency in YQMYG group was 65. 3%,the total effective rate 93. 1 % . 88. 6% of the immune indices lower than normal were corrected and 43. 7%ot them were normalized, while for indices that were higher than normal the rate were 78. 2 % and 52 . 9% re-spectively. These results suggested that YQMYG could improve symptom of Qi Deficiency markedly,strengthen cellutar immunity and regulate immune dysfunction. its therapeutic efficacy was obvfously superiorto ZQFZG ( P < 0 . 05 ).

Efficacy and safety of Qingfei Huatan formula in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:A multi-centre,randomised,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a common respiratory disease,can be effectively treated by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Qingfei Huatan,a TCM formula,has been reported to effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of COPD patients.However,there is a lack of multi-centre,randomised,double-blind,controlled clinical trials documenting the clinical efficacy and safety of this formula in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD(AECOPD).Objective This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Qingfei Huatan formula in the treatment of AECOPD,thereby providing high-quality clinical evidence.Design,setting,participants and interventions A total of 276 patients with AECOPD were included in this multi-centre,randomised,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial and were randomised into treatment and control groups at a ratio of 1:1.Patients in the treatment and control groups took Qingfei Huatan granules or simulated Qingfei Huatan granules twice a day,for 14 days,in addition to Western medicine treatment.All patients were followed up for 3 months.Main outcome measures The primary outcome was time taken to symptom stabilisation.The secondary outcomes included duration of antibiotic use,clinical symptom and sign score,TCM syndrome score,dyspnoea score,and quality of life(QOL)score.Meanwhile,the safety of the formula was assessed through routine urine and stool tests,electrocardiograms,liver and kidney function tests,and the observation of adverse events throughout the trial.Results The time taken for effective stabilisation(P<0.05)and obvious stabilisation(P<0.01),and the duration of antibiotic use(P<0.05)were significantly shorter in the treatment group than in the control group.On days 6,9,12 and 14 of treatment,clinical symptom and sign score decreased in both groups,particularly in the treatment group(P<0.01).On days 9,12 and 14 of treatment,the TCM syndrome scores of both groups were reduced(P<0.01),with more significant reductions in the treatment group.At 3 months after the end of treatment,the treatment group continued to have lower clinical symptom and sign score and TCM syndrome score than the control group(P<0.01).On days 6,9,12 and 14 of treatment,dyspnoea and QOL scores were markedly reduced in the two groups(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively),especially in the treatment group.At 3 months after the end of treatment,dyspnoea and QOL scores were lower in the treatment group than those in the control group(P<0.01).No serious adverse events were observed in either group.Conclusion The Qingfei Huatan formula can effectively shorten the duration of AECOPD and antibiotic use,significantly relieve clinical symptoms,and increase QOL for AECOPD patients,with a favourable safety profile.These results suggest that this formula can be used as a complementary treatment for AECOPD patients.

Effects of TCM Nursing Based on Syndrome Differentiation on Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation on pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). [Methods] A total of 92 patients with AECOPD who came to Nanchong Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2022 to February 2023 were selected for the study, and the intervention group (TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation, 46 cases) and the conventional group (basic nursing, 46 cases) were selected for the study, and the pulmonary function and quality of life of the two groups were compared. [Results] Before nursing, there was no significant difference in levels of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) between the intervention group and conventional group ( P >0.05). After 3 months of nursing, the levels of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). Before nursing, there was no significant difference in the scores of health, emotion and social functions between the two groups ( P >0.05). At three months of nursing, the scores of health, emotion, and social functions in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). [Conclusions] The implementation of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation in patients with AECOPD can effectively improve the pulmonary function and quality of life of patients, and has significant clinical implementation value.

Endothelial function and T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with overlap syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea

Background:The coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is termed overlap syndrome (OS).COPD and OSA both have increased risks of developing cardiovascular diseases.This study aimed to explore if patients with OS exhibited a higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications,and if patients with OS exhibited vascular endothelial dysfunction and abnormalities in the cellular immune function of T lymphocytes.Methods:Totally 25 patients with stable COPD (COPD group),25 patients with OSA (OSA group),25 patients with OS (OS group),and 20 healthy adults (control group) were enrolled between January 2017 and December 2017 from the Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital.The clinical characteristics of the four groups were collected and the expression levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and T-lymphocyte subsets were detected.One-way analysis of variance,x^2 test and Pearson correlation were used to manage the data.Results:The prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease was significantly higher in the OS group than in the control,OSA,and COPD groups (x^2 =20.69,P < 0.05 and x^2 =11.03,P < 0.05,respectively).The levels of sVCAM-1 and TNF-α were significantly higher in the OS group than in other groups (F =127.40,P < 0.05 and F =846.77,P < 0.05,respectively).The percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ were both significantly lower in the OS group than in any other group (F =25.40,P < 0.05 and F =75.08,P < 0.05,respectively).There were significantly negative correlations in the levels of sVCAM-1 and TNF-α with CD4^+/CD8^+ lymphocytes (r =-0.77,P < 0.05 and r =-0.83,P < 0.05,respectively).Conclusions:The prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease was higher in patients with OS than in patients with either OSA or COPD alone.Patients with OS exhibited more severe vascular endothelial injury,stronger inflammatory response,and lower cellular immune function.

Effects of comprehensive therapy based on traditional Chinese medicine patterns on older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease： a subgroup analysis from a four-center, randomized, controlled study

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of comprehensive therapy based on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） patterns on older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） through a four- center, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into the trial group treated using conventional western medicine and Bu-Fei Jian-Pi granules, Bu-Fei Yi-Shen granules, and Yi-Qi Zi-Shen granules based on TCM patterns respectively; and the control group treated using conventional western medicine. A total of 136 patients ≥ 65 years completed the study, with 63 patients comprising the trial group and 73 comprising the control group. After the six-month treatment and the 12-month follow-up period, significant differences were observed between the trial and control groups in the following aspects： frequency of acute exacerbation （P ≤ 0.040）, duration of acute exacerbation （P = 0.034）, symptoms （P ≤ 0.034）, 6-min walking distance （6MWD） （P ≤ 0.039）, dyspnea scale （P ≤ 0.036）; physical domain （P ≤ 0.019）, psychological domain （P ≤ 0.033）, social domain （P ≤ 0.020）, and environmental domain （P ≤ 0.044） of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire; and daily living ability domain （P ≤ 0.007）, social activity domain （P ≤ 0.018）, depression symptoms domain （P ≤ 0.025）, and anxiety symptoms domain （P ≤ 0.037） of the COPD-QOL. No differences were observed between the trial and control groups with regard to FVC, FEV1, and FEV1%.

Expression of airway mucus-associated proteins in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a cold-dryness symptom pattern

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the effects on expression of airway mucus-associated proteins in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and a cold-dryness symptom pattern induced by elastase and smoking.METHODS: The COPD model was established with an elastase dose into the trachea combined with exposure to smoking; the COPD model cold-dryness symptom pattern was further developed by exposure to a cold, dry environment. After 90 days,pathologic lung sections, inflammatory cytokine levels(measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), m RNA and protein expression of mucus-associated proteins and aquaporins(measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blots) were examined.RESULTS: Cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the COPD and the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD groups were all significantly higher than in controls(each P < 0.01). IL-6 and IL-8 levels were higher in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group than in the COPD group(each P < 0.05). The AQP5 m RNA expression in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD and COPD groups was lower than in the control group(P < 0.01), and that in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was lower than the COPD group(P < 0.05). The expression of MUC5 AC and MUC5 B m RNAs in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group and COPD group was higher than in the control group(each P < 0.01), and that in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was higher than the COPD group(P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively).The ratio of MUC5 AC m RNA/MUC5 B m RNA was COPD group < the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group < the control group. AQP4 and AQP5 protein expression in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was lower than that in the COPD group which was lower again than in the control group. MUC5 AC and MUC5 B expression in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was higher than in the COPD group and higher again than in the control group.CONCLUSION: Cold-dryness affects the expression of mucus-associated protein m RNA and its corresponding proteins, reducing the secretion of aquaporins and increasing the secretion of mucins. Imbalance in aquaporins and mucins can affect the function of mucus, increasing airway obstruction.

Phenotyping emphysema and airways disease: Clinical value of quantitative radiological techniques

The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and Alpha one antitrypsin deficiency is increasingly recognised as complex such that lung function alone is insufficient for early detection, clinical categorisation and dictating management. Quantitative imaging techniques can detect disease earlier and more accurately, and provide an objective tool to help phenotype patients into predominant airways disease or emphysema. Computed tomography provides detailed information relating to structural and anatomical changes seen in COPD, and magnetic resonance imaging/nuclear imaging gives functional and regional information with regards to ventilation and perfusion. It is likely imaging will become part of routine clinical practice, and an understanding of the implications of the data is essential. This review discusses technical and clinical aspects of quantitative imaging in obstructive airways disease.

Magnesium Deficiency in Patients with Cor-pulmonale Caused by COPD

Since 1934,when Hirschfelder first reported magnesium(Mg) deficiency syndrome in man, considerable clinicalworks related to hypomagnesemia have appeared in medicalliterature. Recently, it is considered that Mg is a kind ofnatural antagonist of calcium (Ca). Mg has some effects onthe smooth muscles of the bronchial and pulmonary arteries,and to relax the spasm of them. Therefore, there may exista close relation between Mg and cor pulmonale caused bychronic obstructive pulmonay desease (COPD).

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Family Study

According to the latest World Health Organization report 64 million people suffer from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease （COPD）, 3 million people died from COPD and it is predicted that COPD will become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. The alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a rarely diagnosed hereditary disease caused by a genetic mutation and it is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders primarily affecting the lungs, especially in the form of COPD or emphysema, but in some cases also the liver or skin. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease recommends all patients with COPD at a young age or significant family history to be examined for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. This article presents the case of a 42 year old, female patient, Portuguese, with history of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 40 pack units/year smoker, with unknown family history, coming to her family doctor with breath shortness, especially during physical activities, with unsatisfying response to pharmacological prescribed therapy. Physical examination was normal. Alpha- 1 antitrypsin deficiency was confirmed by blood testing. All patient＇s first degree relatives were investigated showing low alpha-1 antitrypsin blood concentrations thus genetic tests were later performed. This case reinforces the need for primary care physicians to be aware of alphal-antitrypsin deficit as an underdiagnosed clinical entity.

Liver Characterization of a Cohort of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Patients with and without Lung Disease

Background and Aims:Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(AATD)is a genetic disorder characterized by the misfolding and accumulation of the mutant variant of alpha-1 antitrypsin(AAT)within hepatocytes,which limits its access to the circulation and exposes the lungs to protease-mediated tissue damage.This results in progressive liver disease secondary to AAT polymerization and accumulation,and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)due to deficient levels of AAT within the lungs.Our goal was to characterize the unique effects of COPD secondary to AATD on liver disease and gene expression.Methods:A subcohort of AATD individuals with COPD(n=33)and AATD individuals without COPD(n=14)were evaluated in this study from our previously reported cross-sectional cohort.We used immunohistochemistry to assess the AATD liver phenotype,and RNA sequencing to explore liver transcriptomics.We observed a distinct transcriptomic profile in liver tissues from AATD individuals with COPD compared to those without.Results:A total of 339 genes were differentially expressed.Canonical pathways related to fibrosis,extracellular matrix remodeling,collagen deposition,hepatocellular damage,and inflammation were significantly upregulated in the livers of AATD individuals with COPD.Histopathological analysis also revealed higher levels of fibrosis and hepatocellular damage in these individuals.Conclusions:Our data supports a relationship between the development of COPD and liver disease in AATD and introduces genes and pathways that may play a role in AATD liver disease when COPD is present.We believe addressing lung impairment and airway inflammation may be an approach to managing AATD-related liver disease.

单纯性支气管扩张症与支气管扩张症-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征患者的病原菌对比研究

背景我国慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)及支气管扩张症(简称支扩)患者数量庞大,均为高发病率、高病死率的慢性呼吸系统疾病。支气管扩张症-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(BCOS)作为一种特殊临床亚型虽常见但易被忽略。感染常是其急性恶化的诱因,但相关病原学研究相对匮乏。目的分析单纯性支气管扩张症(BE)与BCOS患者病原菌分布、耐药性特点,比较两者差异。为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法选取2016年1月—2023年1月在马鞍山市人民医院呼吸与危重医学科住院的支扩患者584例为研究对象,根据是否合并慢阻肺将患者分为两组:BE组(未合并慢阻肺,335例)和BCOS组(合并慢阻肺,249例)。回顾性分析患者病原菌构成、药敏结果及变迁,分析两组病原菌分布及耐药性差异。结果584例支扩患者共分离299株病原菌,BE组分离病原菌146株,其中革兰阴性菌87株(59.59%),革兰阳性菌3株(2.05%),分枝杆菌9株(6.16%),真菌47株(32.19%);BCOS组分离病原菌153株,其中革兰阴性菌80株(52.29%),革兰阳性菌1株(0.65%),分枝杆菌2株(1.31%),真菌70株(45.75%);BCOS组患者白色念珠菌构成比高于BE组(χ^(2)=5.274,P=0.022)。两组铜绿假单胞菌耐药率分别为:亚胺培南10.64%、25.53%,哌拉西林他唑巴坦6.98%、15.91%,环丙沙星12.77%、21.28%,阿米卡星2.13%、2.13%;两组肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率分别为:亚胺培南0、14.29%,哌拉西林他唑巴坦0、14.29%,环丙沙星15.38%、35.71%,阿米卡星0、7.14%;BCOS组铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林舒巴坦耐药率低于BE组(P=0.026)。BCOS组患者产超广谱β内酰胺酶肠杆菌科(χ^(2)=4.357,P=0.037)及耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌分离率均高于BE组(χ^(2)=5.593,P=0.018)。2016—2022年支扩患者分离铜绿假单胞菌株数均最高,呈先降后升趋势;分离肺炎克雷伯菌株数在2021、2022年明显升高,仅次于铜绿假单胞菌;2020—2022年分离分枝杆菌株数及2021—2022年分离曲霉菌株数均呈上升趋势。结论BCOS作为一种特殊表型,其病原菌分布、耐药性有其自身特点,值得关注。铜绿假单胞菌目前是BE及BCOS患者常见分离致病菌,近年来分离肺炎克雷伯菌株数仅次于铜绿假单胞菌。分离分枝杆菌、曲霉菌株数较前亦明显上升,应引起重视,尤其是BE患者。

The influence of intestine-based treatment using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang on the concentration of trace elements in the main organs of COPD rats

Objective:To test two theories from traditional Chinese medicine:'exterior -interior relationship between the lung and large intestine' and 'treating from the intestine principle for lung disorders'.The influence of intestine-based treatment using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang (XBCQT) on the concentration of three trace elements-copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),and manganese (Mn)-was observed in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,large intestine,and stomach of rats suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided randomly and equally into five groups:control;model;Fei treatment (A);Chang treatment (B);and Fei-Chang treatment (C).A rat model of COPD was prepared by tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide plus exposure to cigarette smoke.Treatments with medicinal herbs started day-22 of administration and exposure to cigarette smoke for 7 days.The control group and model group were administered physiologic (0.9%) saline solution via the stomach.After 7 days of intervention,the tissues of the lung,small intestine,large intestine,and stomach were removed.Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy was used to detect the levels of Cu,Zn,and Mn in those tissues.Results:Compared with the control group,the Cu concentration in the tissues of the small intestine,large intestine,and stomach increased significantly in the model group (P <.05);the Mn concentration in the tissues of the lung,large intestine,and stomach increased significantly in the model group (P <.05);the Zn concentration in the tissues of the lung and large intestine decreased significantly in the model group (P <.05).In comparison of the model group:the Cu concentration in the tissues of the lung and large intestine decreased significantly in the B group (P <.05);the Mn concentration in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,and large intestine decreased significantly in the B group (P <.05);the Zn concentration in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,and large intestine increased significantly in the B group (P <.05).For the A group versus C group comparison,the Zn concentration in the tissues of the small intestine and stomach increased significantly in the latter (P <.05).Conclusion:This study showed that 'treating from the intestine' using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang and its modified formulae can regulate the concentration of trace elements in the main organs of COPD rats.This may be one of the mechanisms for intestine-based treatment for COPD.

Efficacy of the method of tonifying Qi,resolving phlegm and eliminating stasis in thetreatment of AECOPD:A meta analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the method of tonifying qi,resolving phlegm and eliminating stasis in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods:Search the China Knowledge Network(CNKI),VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,China Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and select the databases that meet the requirements for tonifying qi,resolving phlegm and eliminating stasis.The stasis method in the treatment of AECOPD was included in the standard literature,and RevMan 5.4 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 10 articles were included,with a total of 854 patients,435 in the treatment group and 419 in the control group.Systematic analysis shows that the method of tonifying qi,resolving phlegm and eliminating stasis combined with conventional Western medicine treatment of AECOPD is significantly different in total clinical effective rate than conventional Western medicine treatment alone[OR=3.98,95%CI(2.23,7.11),P<0.00001];In terms of lung function,FEV1/FVC[MD=6.08,95%CI(5.01,7.15),P<0.00001],FEV1[MD=0.07,95%CI(0.01,0.13),P=0.02],FEV1%[MD=4.56,95%CI(3.09,6.02),P<0.00001]is significantly higher than the control group;arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO_(2))[MD=18.47,95%CI(16.77,20.16),P<0.00001]Significant improvement compared to the control group;arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO_(2))[MD=-7.48,95%CI(-8.7,-6.26),P<0.00001]was significantly lower than the control group.Conclusion:The current evidence shows that the method of tonifying qi,resolving phlegm and eliminating stasis combined with conventional Western medicine treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in acute exacerbations can improve clinical efficacy and improve the quality of life of patients.

“肺虚络瘀”病机观与氧化应激在慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病过程中相关性探讨

将“肺虚络瘀”病机观为作为慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)发病的核心理论指导以探讨其与氧化应激的相关性,结合对COPD机制的现代临床调查与实验研究,对COPD病理改变过程中出现的氧化应激进行分析与探讨,认为氧化应激是COPD的重要病机之一;从肺虚对机体氧化-抗氧化平衡调节失调,提出COPD氧化-抗氧化失衡是肺虚的微观病理表现基础;氧化应激及其产生的病理改变与“肺虚络瘀”具有相同的病机改变表现;通补肺络法通过调节机体的氧化-抗氧化水平,减轻氧化应激,延缓COPD进程,从这3个方面深入探究COPD的“肺虚络瘀”病机制论与氧化应激的相关性,全面阐释COPD“肺虚络瘀”病机观的科学内涵,并从分子机制水平上诠释从肺络论治COPD的作用机制与靶点,为COPD的中医药治疗与其治疗机制研究提供新的思路及科学依据。

揿针治疗肺肾气虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期疗效研究

目的:研究揿针治疗肺肾气虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的临床疗效。方法:前瞻性选择COPD患者200例,随机分为两组,对照组给予常规西医治疗,观察组在其基础上加用予揿针治疗,疗程为8周。记录两组的临床疗效,并比较两组治疗前后中医症状积分、6 min步行距离和衰弱筛查量表评分、改良英国MRC呼吸困难指数问卷(mMRC)、肺功能及圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分。两组治疗后均随访6个月,记录两组急性加重的次数。结果:观察组与对照组临床总有效率分别为92.00%和71.00%,前者显著高于后者(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后中医症状积分和衰弱筛查量表评分均明显降低,6 min步行距离增加(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后中医症状积分和衰弱筛查量表评分低于对照组,6 min步行距离大于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后mMRC分级及平均分、SGRQ问卷总分及各维度评分均明显降低,第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV 1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气量/用力肺活量(FEV 1/FVC)均明显增大(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后的mMRC分级及平均分、SGRQ问卷总分及各维度评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),肺功能指标高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后均随访6个月,观察组急性加重次数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:揿针治疗肺肾气虚型COPD稳定期患者的疗效确定,不仅能改善其临床症状,改善疲劳衰弱状况与增强运动耐量,还能减轻呼吸困难程度并提高肺功能,显著改善生存质量,减少COPD急性发作次数。

黏蛋白1与呼吸系统疾病关系的研究进展

慢性黏液高分泌导致的气道炎症可能会逐渐进展并影响患者的肺功能。黏液蛋白是黏液层的关键成分,其中黏蛋白1是一种重要的膜结合型黏蛋白,目前的研究聚焦于评估黏蛋白1在肺纤维化、肺癌和间质性肺疾病等肺部疾病中的临床应用,尤其是作为诊断、预测进展和评估治疗效果的生物标志物。因此,深入了解黏蛋白1在肺部疾病中的生物学机制和作用方式,特别是与疾病发展和进展的关联,探索黏蛋白1在肺部疾病早期诊断和预后评估中的预测价值,将为肺部疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的理论依据。

自拟清肺定喘贴联合宣白承气汤治疗哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征的效果及对肺功能、炎症因子的影响

目的探讨自拟清肺定喘贴联合宣白承气汤治疗哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome,ACOS)的效果及对肺功能、炎症因子的影响。方法选择2021年10月—2023年3月该院收治的116例ACOS患者纳入研究,通过随机数表法分为观察组、对照组,各58例。对照组使用噻托溴铵、布地奈德福莫特罗治疗,观察组在对照组基础上,联合自拟清肺定喘贴、宣白承气汤治疗,两组均持续治疗8周。比较两组治疗后临床疗效,治疗前后哮喘症状评分(asthma control test,ACT)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病症状评分(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test,CAT)、第1秒用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)、FEV1/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)、呼气峰值流速(peak expiratory flow rate,PEFR)及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平的变化及不良反应。结果观察组临床疗效总有效率为91.38%(53/58),高于对照组的75.86%(44/58),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组ACT评分为(20.61±1.95)分,明显高于对照组的(18.30±1.43)分,CAT评分为(15.02±2.31)分,明显低于对照组的(18.41±2.62)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEFR分别为(2.20±0.27)L、(61.21±5.28)%、(3.88±0.36)L/s,均高于对照组的(1.93±0.21)L、(57.33±5.26)%、(3.67±0.41)L/s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP分别为(31.70±5.42)ng/L、(22.05±3.29)ng/L、(9.75±1.60)mg/L,均低于对照组的(43.33±6.05)ng/L、(31.17±3.58)ng/L、(12.83±2.11)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应总发生率分别为10.34%(6/58)、8.62%(5/58),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论自拟清肺定喘贴联合宣白承气汤治疗ACOS患者疗效明显,能有效改善肺功能、降低炎症因子的表达,值得临床推广。