Research Status of TCM Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

This paper mainly analyzes the application status of TCM rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),hoping to provide support and help for clinical staff through this study,and promote the further development of COPD rehabilitation program.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of clinical nurse specialist interventions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)

Objective： This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of clinical nurse specialist （CNS） interventions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. COPD significantly affects people＇s health worldwide. With the development in nursing, CNSs are playing increasingly important roles in different departments. However, the studies on the effectiveness of CNSs in COPD are not as well organized as the studies on the effectiveness of CNSs in bronchiectasis and asthma. Therefore, this review aims to find some updated evidence on the CNS interventions for patients with COPD and on whether these interventions are effective.Methods： A narrative analysis of the data was performed for the eligible studies. Four databases were chosen： CINAHL, MEDLINE, British Nursing Index, and Cochrane Library. Other websites such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, National Health Service Evidence, Association of Respiratory Nurse Specialists, and National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialist were searched as well. Two reviewers performed study identification independently, and all the retrieved articles were stored using the EndNote X7 software. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration＇s risk of bias tool. Results： A total of nine studies were included in this review. There were five current interventions by CNSs for patients with COPD. These interventions were home nursing support, CNS]s supported discharge, multidisciplinary cooperation programs, nurse-led care programs, and self-care management education. The effectiveness of these five interventions was evaluated individually. There is low- to moderate-quality evidence indicating that home nursing support interventions may have a positive effect on mortality and quality of life. No significant difference in quality of life has been found between the CNS-supported discharge intervention and the usual service. The multidisciplinary cooperation program probably had a positive effect on quality ot life in patients with COPD. Both nurse-led care and self-care management education intervention had a positive effect on mortality of patients with COPD.Conclusions： The findings of this review provide updated evidence on the effectiveness of CNS interventions for patients with COPD. Although nine trials were included and five types of interventions were identified, there is still lack of high-quality evidence.

Exploring the biological mechanism of qi deficiency syndrome with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)based on integrated pharmacology

Objective:To explore the potential biological mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)qi deficiency syndrome,we used the integrated pharmacology network computing platform and carried out experimental verification.Methods:Using an integrated pharmacology strategy to analyze the potential biological targets of COPD qi deficiency syndrome.Based on the established qi deficiency syndrome rat model of COPD,the biological targets of lung and skeletal muscle were detected by electron microscopy,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content assays,and western blotting.Results:According to the integrated pharmacological results,it was found that the locations of cell components related to COPD qi deficiency syndrome were mainly mitochondria.Electron microscopy results using lung tissue showed that mitochondria in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS group)and pulmonary instillation of LPS combined with cigarette smoke(LPStCS group)were swollen,deformed,and fragmented,with disappearing or broken crista.Results also showed that the total content of ATP in the lung and skeletal muscle of both groups was significantly lower than that in the control group at the 12th week(P<.05).At the 12th week,the expression of dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)and mitofusin 1(MFN1)protein was significantly difference than that of the control group(P<.05).At the 10th and 14th weeks,changes in fission and fusion proteins in mitochondria of the lung and skeletal muscle were further detected.There was also a significant difference in the expression between the two groups compared to that in the control group at the 10th week and 14th week(P<.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the changes in mitochondrial morphology and ATP content and the unbalanced expression of DRP1 and MFN1 might be the key mechanisms underlying qi deficiency syndrome in rats with COPD.

Surfactant Protein A Polymorphism Is Associated with Susceptibility to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Chinese Uighur Population

This study investigatedexamined the correlation between surfactant protein-A (SP-A) polymorphism and the susceptibility of cvhronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Xinjiang Uighurs. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 194 COPD smokers and 201 healthy smokers of Uighur who were hospitalized in or paid a visit to one of the four Xingjiang-based hospi-tals involved in the study, betweenfrom March 2009 to December 2010. Single nucleotide polymor-phisms (SNPs) were studied on A/G atwithin amino acid aa62 (CCA/CCG rs1136451) and C/T within aa219 (CGG/TGG, rs4253527) in SP-A. Genotypes were determined by using the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our results showed that genotype frequencies were different be-tween the COPD and normal smokers infor aa62 (χx2=6.852, P=0.033). There were also significant differences in allele genotype frequencies between the COPD and the control and allele G might de-crease the risk COPD (χx2=6.545, P=0.011; OR=0.663; 95% CI: 0.484–0.909). The result suggested We were led to conclude that polymorphism of aa62 (CCA/CCG, rs1136451) of SP-A may be asso-ciated with the susceptibility to COPD in Xingjiang Uighurs.

Measurement of Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide(D_LCO)in Application to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

The pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide(D_LCO)was measuredin 50 normal subjects,50 patients with emphysema and 31 with asthma.The results sh-owed that the D_LCO value of the asthma group was markedly higher than that of thehealthy group,while the D_LCO/pr% and KCO values of the asthma group were similarto those of the healthy group.The values of D_LCO,D_LCO/pr% and KCO in the emphy-sema group were very significantly lower than those in the asthma and healthy groups.Our study suggests that the measurement of D_LCO is onc of the useful pulmonary func-tion tests in differentiation of emphysema from asthma.The mechanism ofdiffcrcnt D_LCOvalues between emphysema and asthma is discussed.The D_LCO values in patients withmild to severe emphysema gradually decreased with the severity of emphysema.The KCOvalues between the mild emphysema and healthy groups were dramatically different.Thisis helpful in the early diagnosis of emphysma as combined with other clinical data.

Professor Zhang Hongchun's medication rule in treating patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(TCMISS),the medication rule of Professor Zhang Hongchun in treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD)in stable period was carried out.The prescriptions of Professor Zhang Hongchun in treating COPD patients in stable period were collected and analyzed by frequency statistics,association rules and complex system entropy clustering.A total of 111 prescriptions were screened out,including 106 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine,which were mainly warm,cold and flat,and mainly sweet,bitter and pungent.The meridians were mostly attributed to lung,spleen,liver and kidney meridians.34 core combinations of drugs were extracted,and 38 association rules with confidence level of one were obtained.Three new prescriptions were obtained.The core prescriptions were:Angelicae Sinensis Radix(15g),Pseudostellariae Radix(30g),Cornus Officinalis Sieb Et Zucc(15g),Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus(15g),Farfarae Flos(15g),Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma(15g),Poria Cocos(Schw.)Wolf(15g),Perillae Fructus(15g),Perilla Frutescens(15g),Ephedra Herba(10g),Licorice(3g).Professor Zhang Hongchun's treatment methods of COPD patients in stable stage are to invigorate lung,spleen and kidney,and to stop cough,eliminate phlegm and asthma,promote Qi,activate blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis.

Effects of low molecular weight heparin on the function of blood coagulation and serum levels of TNF-α, CK-MB, CRP of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and respiratory failur

Objective:To study the effects of low molecular weight heparin on the function of blood coagulation and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), C-reactive protein (CRP) of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and respiratory failure.Methods:A total of 80 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and respiratory failure in our hospital from June 2014 to October 2016 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the control group (n=40) and the treatment group (n=40) randomly. The control group were treated with conventional treatment, the treatment group were treated with the conventional treatment combined with low molecular weight heparin. The two groups were treated for 7 d. The D-dimer (D-D), fibrinogen (FBG), pro thrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), TNF-α, CK-MB and CRP of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results:There were no significantly differences of the blood levels of D-D, FBG, PT and TT of the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the blood levels of D-D and FBG of the two groups were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group, the PT and TT of the two groups were significantly higher than before treatment, and that of the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group. There were no significantly differences of the serum levels of the TNF-α, CK-MB and CRP of the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the serum levels of the TNF-α, CK-MB and CRP of the two groups were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group.Conclusion:Low molecular weight heparin can significantly reduce the inflammatory factors of the patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and respiratory failure, can alleviath the patients conditions and reduce the myocardial damage.

Study on the Application Effects of the Teach-Back Method Combined with WeChat Tutorials on Chronic Disease Self-Management in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)

Objective:To study the application effects of teach-back method combined with WeChat education in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 103 patients with COPD hospitalized in the department of respiratory medicine of a tertiary-level hospital from March to June 2021 as study subjects.Randomized grouping was carried out using the random number table method.The routine care was given in the control group,and the teach-back method combined with WeChat tutorials on the basis of routine care was applied in the intervention group.In the follow-up three months after discharge,the changes in pulmonary function,self-care ability,and quality of life of patients in the two groups were observed and compared.Results:After the intervention,the pulmonary function indexes of both groups improved significantly,and the improvement effect was more significant in the intervention group(P<0.05);after the intervention,the self-care ability scores of the patients in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);the quality-of-life scores of the patients in the two groups decreased at 3 months after discharge,and the scores of the patients in the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the patients in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The teach-back method combined with WeChat education can effectively improve the pulmonary function,self-care ability,and quality of life of patients with COPD.

The Value of MLPR,NLR,and RDW in the Assessment of Combined Pulmonary Embolism in Elderly Patients with AECOPD

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of the monocyte-to-large-platelet ratio(MLPR),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),and red blood cell distribution width(RDW)for pulmonary embolism(PE)in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods:A total of 60 elderly AECOPD patients were enrolled and divided into embolus group(12 cases)and thrombus group(48 cases)according to whether they were combined with pulmonary embolism and the MLPR,NLR,and RDW values of the two groups were determined respectively.Results:The patients in the two groups had different degrees of vascular structural and functional abnormalities,and the MLPR,NLR,and RDW in the embolus group were significantly higher than those in the thrombus group(P<0.05);while the differences in NLR and RDW between the two groups were not significant.Conclusion:MLPR,NLR,and RDW can provide an objective basis for assessing PE in elderly AECOPD patients.

腹部肥胖对COPD急性加重的影响

目的探讨腹部肥胖相关指标对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者急性加重的影响。方法对“新疆多民族自然人群队列建设及健康随访研究”招募的和田墨玉县常住居民经肺功能检测诊断为COPD的患者,进行问卷及常规检查测量腰围,体成分检测内脏脂肪等级,计算腰高比、体重调整腰围指数(WWI),随访患者至少1年急性加重住院情况。以急性加重住院为结局分析腹部肥胖相关指标对COPD急性加重的影响,并比较不同腹部肥胖指标对COPD急性加重的预测价值。结果631名COPD患者经过随访,报告了186例COPD急性加重住院病例。整个随访期间,COPD急性加重和无急性加重患者在年龄、肺结核疾病史、吸烟、二手烟、烹饪和取暖燃料、慢阻肺患者评价评分(CAT评分)等方面的比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。单因素及模型1和2显示,腰围、腰高比、WWI、内脏脂肪等级均对COPD急性加重有影响,指标每增加一个单位急性加重均有增加;腰高比及内脏脂肪等级对COPD急性加重影响的结果较稳定,多重调整后腰高比OR=1.304(1.010~1.683),内脏脂肪等级OR=1.912(1.122~3.257)。腹部肥胖相关指标对COPD急性加重均有预测价值,其中WWI的曲线下面积最大,为0.614。结论腹部肥胖指标腰高比、WWI、内脏脂肪等级是COPD急性加重的危险因素,COPD的防控应考虑减少腹部肥胖的干预策略。

老年COPD患者并发自发性气胸89例临床分析

目的探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发自发性气胸的特点及诊疗方法。方法对2000年至2004年我科收治的继发于老年COPD的自发性气胸89例临床资料进行分析对照。结果治愈80例(89.9%),死亡4例(4.5%)。结论老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发自发性气胸起病隐匿,病情进展快,常常会导致严重的心肺功能衰竭,危及生命,尽早的诊断和及时的治疗,可以大大降低死亡率。

基于TLR4/NF-κB通路调补肺肾法干预细胞自噬对COPD肺血管重塑的影响和机制

目的基于Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)通路研究调补肺肾法干预细胞自噬对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)肺血管重塑的影响和机制。方法取SD大鼠采用香烟烟雾暴露结合反复细菌感染的方案建立COPD模型,随机分为3组,模型组、补肺益肾方(3.7 g/kg)组、补肺益肾方(3.7 g/kg)+脂多糖(LPS)(TLR4激活剂,15 mg/kg)组,每组12只,另取12只大鼠正常呼吸并气管滴注等剂量生理盐水作为对照组,经补肺益肾方、LPS对大鼠分组干预后,检测各组大鼠肺功能指标:潮气量(TV)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、第0.3秒用力呼气容积(FEV0.3)/用力肺活量(FVC)。以HE染色检测各组大鼠肺组织病理形态和肺血管重塑,比较其管壁厚度(WT)占血管直径(VD)百分比WT/VD(%)、管腔面积(LA)占血管总面积(TA)百分比LA/TA(%)。以免疫荧光染色检测各组大鼠肺组织内肺血管内皮标记物CD34表达。以酶标仪检测各组大鼠肺泡灌洗液(BALF)及血清促炎因子:肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-17水平。以免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠肺组织自噬及TLR4/NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,模型组大鼠肺组织呈现明显病理损伤及肺血管重塑症状,TV、PEF、FEV0.3/FVC、LA/TA、肺组织Beclin-1蛋白表达与LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ显著降低(P<0.05),WT/VD、CD34相对阳性表达、BALF及血清促炎因子TNF-α与IL-17水平、肺组织TLR4蛋白表达与p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,补肺益肾方组大鼠肺组织损伤及肺血管重塑症状减轻,TV、PEF、FEV0.3/FVC、LA/TA、肺组织Beclin-1蛋白表达与LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ升高(P<0.05),WT/VD、CD34相对阳性表达、BALF及血清促炎因子TNF-α与IL-17水平、肺组织TLR4蛋白表达与p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65降低(P<0.05)。与补肺益肾方组相比,补肺益肾方+LPS组大鼠肺组织损伤及肺血管重塑症状加重,TV、PEF、FEV0.3/FVC、LA/TA、肺组织Beclin-1蛋白表达与LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ降低(P<0.05),WT/VD、CD34相对阳性表达、BALF及血清促炎因子TNF-α与IL-17水平、肺组织TLR4蛋白表达与p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65升高(P<0.05)。结论补肺益肾方可通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号而抑制COPD体内炎症,并增强自噬,进而减轻大鼠肺组织病理损伤和肺血管重塑,改善其肺功能。

聚焦解决模式护理对COPD患者呼吸功能、睡眠质量及症状改善的影响

目的研究聚焦解决模式护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者呼吸功能、睡眠质量及症状改善的影响。方法选取2020年1月至2022年5月收入的COPD患者90例,按随机数字表法均分2组,对照组接受常规护理,观察组接受聚焦解决模式护理,比较2组的临床干预效果。结果干预后,观察组各症状改善时间包括喘憋[(2.51±0.87)d]、咳嗽[(4.11±1.02)d]及肺部啰音时间[(4.65±1.32)d]均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院6个月显示观察组治疗依从性各项得分包括运动锻炼[(82.33±2.31)分]、改变生活方式[(85.18±2.24)分]、饮食[(88.25±2.42)分]、服药[(90.59±2.74)分]均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组干预前R5与R20值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组R5[(0.39±0.06)kPa·L^(-1)·s^(-1)]与R20[(0.23±0.03)kPa·L^(-1)·s^(-1)]测定值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组干预前PSQI量表评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组该项评分[(9.31±1.05)分]低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论聚焦解决模式护理能够更好地控制COPD患者的临床症状,改善其呼吸功能及睡眠质量,值得临床推广借鉴。

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和嗜酸性粒细胞对AECOPD患者出院后1年内COPD相关再入院的预测价值

目的探究中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率(NLR)和嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EOS)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者出院后1年内慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)相关再入院的预测价值。方法将2020年12月至2022年6月阜阳市第二人民医院收治的100例AECOPD患者纳入本次回顾性研究,将出院后1年内有≥1次再入院记录的患者纳入再入院组(n=35),其他患者纳入非再入院组(n=65)。比较两组的临床资料(包括一般资料、实验室检查资料、治疗方法和死亡情况)。根据NLR、EOS的预测AECOPD再入院的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线截断值将患者分组,分别为高NLR组(n=43)和低NLR组(n=57)、低EOS组(n=51)和高EOS组(n=49)。比较各组的住院时间、1年内COPD相关再入院情况和死亡情况,采用Logistic回归分析NLR、EOS预测AECOPD再入院的风险。结果再入院组患者住院时间为(16.68±6.44)d,明显长于非再入院组[(14.02±6.26)d],全身糖皮质激素使用患者比率为28.57%,明显少于非再入院组(53.85%),NLR为8.57±3.16,显著低于非再入院组(13.97±3.79),EOS为(0.25±0.07)×10^(9)/L,显著高于非再入院组[(0.12±0.06)×10^(9)/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低NLR组1年内COPD相关再入院次数和人数占比分别为(1.32±0.34)次、46.51%,均高于高NLR组[(0.83±0.31)次、26.32%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高EOS组1年内COPD相关再入院次数和人数占比分别为(1.35±0.40)次、44.90%,均高于低EOS组[(0.81±0.37)次、25.49%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,低NLR(<4.85)与高EOS(≥0.1×10^(9)/L)与1年内COPD相关的再入院风险相关[OR=4.394(95%CI:1.152~8.203);OR=4.699(95%CI:1.152~8.583)]。结论入院时的NLR和EOS可能与AECOPD患者出院后1年内COPD相关再入院有关,可作为预测出院后再住院的生物标志物。

精苓鹜枣固体饮料对COPD小鼠肺部炎症因子的影响

目的观察精苓鹜枣固体饮料对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)模型小鼠肺组织中炎症反应的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制,为该方的临床应用提供实验依据,也为中医药膳防治COPD提供一定的思路借鉴。方法将24只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、精苓鹜枣组(2.5 g/kg)、地塞米松组(1.0 mg/kg),每组6只。除正常组外,其他组均采用鼻滴脂多糖联合香烟烟雾建立COPD小鼠模型。干预30 d后取材,采用HE染色观察各组小鼠肺组织及脂肪组织iWAT、BAT的病理形态学变化;ELISA检测小鼠血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液(broncho alveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)含量;qRT-PCR检测小鼠肺组织中TNF-α、ICAM-1、SELE、SP-A、SP-D mRNA相对表达水平。结果与正常组比较,模型组小鼠可见大量炎性细胞浸润,肺泡壁破坏融合出现肺大泡,脂肪细胞直径较大,血清及BALF中的TNF-α和IL-6的浓度显著升高(P<0.01),TNF-α、ICAM-1、SELE mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,精苓鹜枣组和地塞米松组小鼠肺组织损伤减轻,iWAT细胞变小紧致,具有棕色化趋势,BAT细胞分布增多且排列紧密,血清中TNF-α和IL-6水平均降低(P<0.05),精苓鹜枣组和地塞米松组TNF-α、ICAM-1、SELE、SP-A mRNA水平降低(P<0.05)。结论精苓鹜枣固体饮料能改善COPD模型小鼠肺组织形态,抑制炎性反应,促进肺组织修复。

基于行为改变轮理论的出院准备干预方案在COPD病人中的应用

目的:探讨基于行为改变轮(BCW)理论的干预方案对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)病人出院准备度的影响。方法:采用方便抽样法选取山西省某三级甲等医院呼吸内科的COPD住院病人为研究对象,将2022年8月住院的35例病人作为对照组,2022年9月住院的34例病人作为干预组。对照组实施常规护理,干预组实施基于BCW理论的干预方案。比较两组病人出院准备度、出院指导质量、自我效能、生活质量及非计划再入院率。结果:干预组病人出院准备度得分、出院指导质量得分及出院时和出院后自我效能得分均高于对照组,出院时和出院后生活质量得分均低于对照组。结论:基于BCW理论的干预方案可提高病人出院准备度、出院指导质量、自我效能及生活质量。

噻托溴铵、孟鲁司特联合布地奈德福莫特罗治疗AECOPD临床观察

目的探讨噻托溴铵、孟鲁司特联合布地奈德福莫特罗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床效果。方法选择2020年6月至2022年11月赣南医学院第一附属医院收治的AECOPD患者80例,以随机数字表法分为对照组(n=40)与联合治疗组(n=40)。对照组予以噻托溴铵联合布地奈德福莫特罗治疗,联合治疗组在此基础上加用孟鲁司特治疗。比较两组肺功能、炎性因子及药物安全性。结果两组治疗后肺功能指标均升高,炎性因子水平均降低,联合治疗组变化更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗期间均未发生明显不良反应。结论在噻托溴铵联合布地奈德福莫特罗治疗基础上,AECOPD患者加用孟鲁司特可增强疗效,使患者肺功能得到显著改善,降低机体炎症反应,促进患者转归,且安全性较高,值得临床广泛应用。

稳定期COPD患者的能量摄入现状及影响因素分析

目的调查稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的能量摄入状况,并分析其影响因素。方法调查北京某三级医院及其医疗联合体中所包括的社区卫生服务中心呼吸内科门诊就诊的COPD患者,使用一般资料调查表、3×24 h膳食回顾法进行调查,膳食摄入数据通过营养计算软件进行处理,计算患者平均每日的能量摄入情况,并进行单因素和多元Logistic回归分析,分析稳定期COPD患者能量摄入的影响因素。结果(1)130例稳定期COPD患者中,50.8%的患者能量摄入达到推荐标准,29.2%的患者低于推荐标准,20.0%的患者高于推荐标准;其中,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物供能比例达到推荐标准的患者分别占比36.9%、38.5%、39.2%,低于推荐标准者分别占58.5%、11.5%、35.4%,高于推荐标准者分别占4.6%、50.0%、25.4%。(2)能量摄入与患者的性别、是否单身、月收入水平、每日进餐次数以及疾病因素的影响有关。结论49.2%的稳定期COPD患者的能量摄入不符合推荐标准,蛋白质供能比例低于推荐标准者占58.5%,脂肪供能比例高于推荐标准者占50.0%,有待改善;女性、单身、月收入水平低、每日进食2餐、受到疾病影响是患者发生能量摄入不达标的高危因素,可针对此制定个体化饮食干预方案。

血清miR-130a表达水平与COPD急性加重期患者近期预后不良的临床关系

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者血清微小核糖核酸-130a(miR-130a)表达水平及其与近期预后不良的关系。方法 选取2019年6月—2021年6月武汉市第三医院收治的85例AECOPD患者和门诊随诊的66例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者,分别设为AECOPD组和COPD组,另同期选取70例健康者设为对照组,三组均检测血清miR-130a表达水平。根据AECOPD患者入院28 d预后情况将其分为预后良好组及预后不良组,分析血清miR-130a表达水平与AECOPD患者预后的关系及其预测价值。结果 AECOPD组和COPD组血清miR-130a表达水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),且AECOPD组血清miR-130a表达水平高于COPD组(P<0.05);85例AECOPD患者入院28 d预后不良发生率为41.18%;年龄大、吸烟史、合并冠心病、动脉氧分压低、血清miR-130a表达水平高及机械通气均是AECOPD患者近期预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05);血清miR-130a表达水平预测AECOPD近期预后不良的灵敏度、特异度、曲线下面积分别为85.71%、74.00%、0.813。结论 AECOPD患者血清miR-130a水平呈高表达,与近期预后密切相关,是近期预后不良的危险因素,并对近期预后不良具有一定的预测价值。

Effects of TCM Nursing Based on Syndrome Differentiation on Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation on pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). [Methods] A total of 92 patients with AECOPD who came to Nanchong Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2022 to February 2023 were selected for the study, and the intervention group (TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation, 46 cases) and the conventional group (basic nursing, 46 cases) were selected for the study, and the pulmonary function and quality of life of the two groups were compared. [Results] Before nursing, there was no significant difference in levels of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) between the intervention group and conventional group ( P >0.05). After 3 months of nursing, the levels of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). Before nursing, there was no significant difference in the scores of health, emotion and social functions between the two groups ( P >0.05). At three months of nursing, the scores of health, emotion, and social functions in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). [Conclusions] The implementation of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation in patients with AECOPD can effectively improve the pulmonary function and quality of life of patients, and has significant clinical implementation value.