Characterisation of the bacterial community in expressed prostatic secretions from patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and infertile men： a preliminary investigation

The expressed prostatic secretions （EPSs） of men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome （CP/CPPS）, infertile men and normal men were subjected to microbiological study. EPSs were collected from the subjects, which included 26 normal men, 11 infertile patients and 51 CP/CPPS patients. DNA was extracted from each specimen, and the V3 regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified using universal bacterial primers. The results showed that the EPS 16S rRNA gene-positive rate in the CP/CPPS and infertile patients was much higher than in the normal men, but without any difference among the three patient groups. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） method was used to characterize the EPS bacterial community structure of the prostate fluid from patients with CP/CPPS or infertility issues. Principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares （PLS） analyses of PCR-DGGE profiles revealed that the EPS bacterial community structure differed among the three groups. Three bands were identified as the key factors responsible for the discrepancy between CP/CPPS patients and infertile patients （P〈O.05）. Two bands were identified as priority factors in the discrepancy of category IliA and category IIIB prostatitis patients （P〈O.05）. According to this research, the ecological balance of the prostate and low urethra tract, when considered as a microenvironment, might play an important role in the maintenance of a healthy male reproductive tract.

Chronic proctalgia and chronic pelvic pain syndromes:New etiologic insights and treatment options

This systematic review addresses the pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of several chronic pain syndromes affecting the pelvic organs:chronic proctalgia, coccygodynia, pudendal neuralgia, and chronic pelvic pain. Chronic or recurrent pain in the anal canal, rectum, or other pelvic organs occurs in 7% to 24% of the population and is associated with impaired quality of life and high health care costs. However, these pain syndromes are poorly understood, with little research evidence available to guide their diagnosis and treatment. This situation appears to be changing:A recently published large randomized,controlled trial by our group comparing biofeedback, electrogalvanic stimulation, and massage for the treatment of chronic proctalgia has shown success rates of 85% for biofeedback when patients are selected based on physical examination evidence of tenderness in response to traction on the levator ani muscle-a physical sign suggestive of striated muscle tension. Excessive tension (spasm) in the striated muscles of the pelvic floor appears to be common to most of the pelvic pain syndromes. This suggests the possibility that similar approaches to diagnostic assessment and treatment may improve outcomes in other pelvic pain disorders.

Boswellia resin extract and propolis derived polyphenols in patients with type III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome:An Italian prospective multicenter study

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of a treatment regimen based on rectal administration of Boswellia resin extract and propolis derived polyphenols in patients with type IIIa and type IIIb chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS).Methods:Patients with type IIIa and type IIIb CP/CPPS received one rectal suppository a day for 15 days per month for 3 consecutive months.Participants were evaluated with National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI),the International Prostate Symptom Scores(IPSS),International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF),four-glass test,uroflowmetry,and prostate-specific antigen assessments at baseline and at Week 4,and Week 12.Primary endpoints were improvement in pain domain of NIH-CPSI and improvement of NIH-CPSI total score.Secondary outcomes included improvement of micturition and quality of life(QoL)domains of NIH-CPSI questionnaire.Results:A total of 61 males were enrolled.No adverse events were reported.Significant improvements from baseline to Day 30 were reported for NIH-CPSI total score(mean difference:-9.2;p<0.01),NIH-CPSI pain domain(mean difference:-5.5;p<0.01),NIH-CPSI micturition domain,NIH-CPSI QoL domain,and IPSS total score(mean difference:-5.6;p<0.01).No significant changes from baseline in terms of IIEF score or maximum flow rate were observed.At final follow-up(Day 90),further significant improvements in terms of NIH-CPSI total score(mean difference:-12.2;p<0.01),NIH-CPSI pain domain(mean difference:-6.6;p<0.01),NIH-CPSI micturition domain,NIH-CPSI QoL domain,and IPSS total score were reported.Conclusion:Rectal administration of Boswellia resin extract and propolis derived polyphenols is well tolerated and delivers a significant symptomatic improvement in most patients with type IIIa and type IIIb CP/CPPS.

Treatment of intractable chronic pelvic pain syndrome by injecting a compound of Bupivacaine and Fentanyl into sacral spinal space

Objective:To investigate the effect of injecting a compound of Bupivacaine and Fentanyl into sacral spinal space to treat chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Methods: A total of 36 men with recalcitrant CPPS refractory to multiple prior therapies were treated with the injection of a compound of Bupivacaine and Fentanyl (10 ml of 0. 125% Bupivacaine, 0. 05 mg Fentanyl, 5 mg Dexamethasone, 100 mg Vitamin B1 and 1 mg Vitamin B12) into sacral space once a week for 4 weeks. The National Institute of Health Chronic Proslatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), maximum and average flow rate were performed at the start and the end of 4 weeks' therapy. Results :Mean NIH-CPSI total score was decreased from 26. 5±1. 6 to 13. 4±2. 0 (P<0. 001). Significant improvement was seen in each subscore domain. A total of 32 patients (89%) had at least 25% improvement on NIH-CPSI and 22 (61 %) had at least 50% improvement. Maximal and average flow rate were increased from 19. 5±3. 8 to 23. 6±4. 2 and 10. 9±2. 6 to 14. 3±2. 4 respectively. Conclusion: Injection of this compound of Bupivacaine, Fentanyl and Dexamethasone into sacral spinal space is an effective and safe approach for recalcitrant CPPS. Further study of the mechanisms and prospective placebo controlled trials are warranted.

Updates on therapies for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Prostatitis comprises of a group of syndromes that affect almost 50% of men at least once in their lifetime and makeup the majority of visits to the Urology Clinics.After much debate, it has been divided into four distinct categories by National Institutes of Health namely(1) acute bacterial prostatitis;(2) chronic bacterial prostatitis;(3) chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS) which is further divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory CP/CPPS; and(4)asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. CP/CPPS has been a cause of great concern for both patients and physicians because of the lack of presence of thoroughinformation about the etiological factors along with the difficult-to-treat nature of the syndrome. For the presented manuscript an extensive search on PubM ed was conducted for CP/CPPS aimed to present an updated review on the evaluation and treatment options available for patients with CP/CPPS. Several diagnostic criteria's have been established to diagnose CP/CPPS, with prostatic/pelvic pain for at least 3 mo being the major classifying symptom along with the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms and/or ejaculatory pain. Diagnostic tests can help differentiate CP/CPPS from other syndromes that come under the heading of prostatitis by ruling out active urinary tract infection and/or prostatic infection with uropathogen by performing urine cultures, Meares-Stamey Four Glass Test, Preand Post-Massage Two Glass Test. Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis is confirmed through prostate biopsy done for elevated serum prostate-specific antigen levels or abnormal digital rectal examination. Researchers have been unable to link a single etiological factor to the pathogenesis of CP/CPPS, instead a cluster of potential etiologies including atypical bacterial or nanobacterial infection, autoimmunity, neurological dysfunction and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction are most commonly implicated. Initially monotherapy with anti-biotics and alpha adrenergic-blockers can be tried, but its success has only been observed in treatment nave population. Other pharmacotherapies including phytotherapy, neuromodulatory drugs and anti-inflammatories achieved limited success in trials. Complementary and interventional therapies including acupuncture, myofascial trigger point release and pelvic floor biofeedback have been employed. This review points towards the fact that treatment should be tailored individually for patients based on their symptoms. Patients can be stratified phenotypically based on the UPOINT system constituting of Urinary, Psychosocial, Organ-specific, Infectious, Neurologic/Systemic and symptoms of muscular Tenderness and the treatment algorithm should be proposed accordingly. Treatment of CP/CPPS should be aimed towards treating local aswell as central factors causing the symptoms. Surgical intervention can cause significant morbidity and should only be reserved for treatment-refractory patients that have previously failed to respond to multiple drug therapies.

Management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS):an evidence-based approach

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).Methods:The randomized controlled trials(RCTs) about the treatment for CP/CPPS all over the world were searched.MEDLINE(January 1966 to June 2007).EMBASE (January 1988 to June 2007),and 4 Chinese databases were electronically searched.The studies included in the refer- ences of eligible studies were additionally searched.Two reviewers independently screened the studies for eli gibility,evaluated the quality and extracted the data from the eligible studies,with confirmation by cross checking.Divergences of opinion were settled by discussion or consulted by the experts.Meta analysis was performed by using RevMan 4.2 software.Results:Twelve original studies involving 1003 participants met inclusion criteria.Compared with placebo,alpha blockers could improve the symptoms of CP/CPPSobvious- ly with WMD of NIH CPSI,total score and pain score were -4.10 (95%CI:-6.92 to -1.98) and -1.68 (95%CI:-2.64 to -0.82).Antibiotics could not improve the symptoms obviously with WMD of NIH-CP- SI:total score and pain score were-2.71(95%CI:-4.78 to -0.64) and -0.86 (95%CI:2.07 to 0.36).Flavoxate could not improve the NIH-CPSI total score obviously,but could relieve the pain,with WMDof NIH CPSI total score and pain score being -2.96(95%CI:-5.17 to -0.74) and -2.31 (95% CI:-4.05 to 0.03).Prostat could improve the NIH-CPSI total score obviously,but could not relieve the pain,with WMD of NIH-CPSI total score and pain score being-7.60(95%CI:-9.97 to -5.23) and -2.02 (95%CI:-4.07 to 0.04).Conclusion:Drug intervention could improve total symptoms of CP/CPPS in some degree,but no universally effective treatment is available that can prove significant lasting benefit for all the symptoms of CP/CPPS.Future RCT must use an appropriate sample size and optimal duration and fol- low up of participants.It is important to improvc the quality of internal original studies.

Clinical efficacy of magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy in the treatment of chronic prostatitischronic pelvic pain syndrome

BACKGROUND The prominent symptoms of chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPS)are urogenital pain,lower urinary tract symptoms,psychological problems,and sexual dysfunction.Traditional pharmacological treatments have poor efficacy and more untoward reaction and complications.Magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy is a non-invasive form of physiotherapy.Nevertheless,its effectiveness in improving urinary discomfort and relieving pain in patients requires further exploration.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of the magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy instrument in the treatment of chronic prostatitis(CP)/CPPS.METHODS Seventy patients with CP/CPPS were collected from the outpatient clinic and ward of the Department of Male Medicine,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and were treated with magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy once a day for a period of 14 d.National Institutes of healthchronic prostatitis symptom index(NIH-CPSI),international index of erectile function 5(IIEF-5),premature ejaculation diagnostic tool(PEDT),generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),patient health questionnaire,the pain catastrophizing scale(PCS)and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome(TCMS)scores were performed before and after treatment.RESULTS The total effective rate of treatment was 58.5%,and the total NIH-CPSI score,pain symptoms,voiding symptoms,quality of life,IIEF-5,PEDT,GAD,PCS and TCMS scores all decreased significantly(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Magnetic vibration magnetotherapy is effective in improving urinary discomfort,relieving pain,improving quality of life,improving sexual dysfunction and relieving negative emotions such as anxiety in patients with CP/CPPS.

Addressing quality of life in the patient with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome(IC/BPS)is a debilitating,chronic condition characterized by chronic pelvic pain,urinary urgency,and frequency and is well-known to be associated with a decrease in work productivity,emotional changes,sleep,sexual dysfunction,and mobility.Many metrics of quality of life(QoL)in this patient population have been developed;however,a unified,standardized approach to QoL in these patients has not been determined.The effects of IC/BPS and co-morbid conditions on QoL are described using current validated metrics.Next,data regarding successful treatment of IC/BPS in terms of QoL improvement are reviewed.While QoL is the single most important clinical measure of success in the treatment of patients suffering from IC/BPS,addressing QoL in this patient population remains a significant challenge,as its effects on QoL are highly variable and unable to be differentiated from the effects of comorbid conditions on QoL,including depression,poor sleep,and inability to work.Future studies will need to address treatment efficacy on the basis of IC/BPS specific QoL metrics,and multi-modal assessment and therapy to address comorbid disease will also play an important role in the future to ensure comprehensive management of these patients.

Molecular mechanism and promising treatments of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome:An exploratory bibliometric analysis and literature review of preclinical studies

Background:As one of the most common diseases in urology,a large number of preclinical studies have been accumulated to explore the etiological mechanism and potential intervention of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS).Methods:In this study,we systematically evaluated the current status of preclinical research on CP/CPPS through bibliometrics analysis using VOSviewer and Citespace.Characteristics of publication such as year,country/region,institution,author,journal,citation,and keywords were analyzed.Based on the bibliometrics analysis results of keywords,we summarized the possible mechanisms and promising treatments for CP/CPPS narratively.Results:According to the results of this study,the most common mechanisms involved in CP/CPPS were as follows:Disturbed immune and inflammation mediators,immune cell dysfunction,oxidative stress,dysregulated signaling pathways,apoptosis,gut microbiota,and testosterone metabolism.Traditional Chinese Medicine and extracorporeal shock wave therapy have important potential in the treatment of CP/CPPS.Conclusion:Further translational studies targeting the above mechanisms and validating the objective efficacy of potential treatments indicated by preclinical studies in clinical patients are needed in the future.

坦索罗辛联合艾司西酞普兰治疗慢性骨盆疼痛综合征的疗效观察

目的分析坦索罗辛联合艾司西酞普兰治疗慢性骨盆疼痛综合征的临床疗效、症状改善和炎症水平的影响。方法选取2022年1月至2023年1月收治的慢性骨盆疼痛患者120例作为研究对象(参考Kendall样本量估计方法,样本量:观察变量的10~20倍,预计估算量:60~120个),随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组给予坦索罗辛治疗,观察组给予坦索罗辛联合艾司西酞普兰治疗,疗程均为2个月。比较2组患者治疗前、后的排尿症状、炎性因子水平、临床指标和症状积分变化情况,对比2组患者的不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者的尿频尿急、尿后滴沥、排尿疼痛评分和总积分均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治愈率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组白细胞计数(WBC)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、干扰素-α(INF-α)均低于对照组,平均尿流率(AFR)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)均高于对照组(P<0.05);2组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论坦索罗辛联合艾司西酞普兰治疗慢性骨盆疼痛综合征有助于改善临床症状和临床指标、抑制炎性反应,临床疗效较好。

Effect of Essential Oil on Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of essential oil treatment for type Ⅲ chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS). Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2014 to October 2015. Seventy type Ⅲ CP/CPPS patients were assigned to the essential oil group(35 cases) or almond placebo oil control group(35 cases) by a random number table. The oil was smeared by self-massage on the suprapubic and sacral region once a day for 4 weeks. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Syndrome Index(NIH-CPSI) and expressed prostatic secretions(EPS) were examined. The primary outcome was NIH-CPSI pain domain. The secondary outcomes included other NIH-CPSI domains and laboratory examinations of EPS. Adverse events were also observed. Results: Sixty-six subjects completed the full 4-week treatment. There was no significant difference between almond oil control and essential oil groups in terms of the total score of NIH-CPSI, pain, quality of life and urination domain scores of NIH-CPSI and EPS examinations(P>0.05). In the essential oil group, pain between rectum and testicles(perineum) in the domain of pain or discomfort was significantly reduced at week 2 and week 4 compared with almond oil control group(P<0.01). No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: The essential oil may reduce the pain or discomfort in the perineum region in patients with CP/CPPS.

A preliminary evaluation of the psychometric profiles in Chinese men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Background As one of the most commonly diagnosed diseases, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome （CP/CPPS） is characterized by a variety of complex symptoms. Anxiety and depression are two of the most prevalent clinical manifestations of patients with CP/CPPS, and have adverse effects on the health of the subjects and prognosis of comorbidities. Such psychological disorders, however, have not been deeply and thoroughly studied in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of psychological disorders in Chinese adults with CP/CPPS.Methods From April 2008 to June 2009, 80 patients and 40 age-matched healthy men participating in a voluntary health examination were recruited. The majority of the subjects completed the questionnaires on the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index （NIH-CPSI） as well as the hospital anxiety and depression scale （HADS）.Results Of all the participants, 77 （96.3%） patients and 37 （92.5%） healthy controls completed the questionnaires. The average NIH-CPSI total score was 21.0±9.5 for the patients and 2.2±1.5 for the controls （P=0.03）. Of the 77 patients with CP/CPPS, 48 （62.3%）, 5 （6.5%）, and 1 （1.2%） had anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, or both anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. For the controls, the average HADS anxiety and depression scores in patients were 14.5±6.8 and 5.2±4.5, which were both significantly higher than in controls. Moreover, the prevalence and the symptom scores of both the HADS anxiety and depression were higher for the younger age group （〈35 years） than for the older age group （〈35 years）.Conclusions This preliminary study revealed that male patients with CP/CPPS had a higher prevalence of psychological disorders than in the control subjects. Moreover, the differences of the prevalence and severity of the psychological symptoms between the two different age groups may imply that psychological disorders related to CP/CPPS may be relieved with increasing age. The present study indicated that psychological evaluation is important in men with CP/CPPS, especially in younger men.

Fluoxetine ameliorates symptoms of refractory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Background Category Ⅲ chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome （CP/CPPS） is a common syndrome of unclear etiology with significant impact on quality of life. Because the outcomes of multiple therapies for CP/CPPS have been far from approving, the possible psychological factors have been considered to play an important role in CP/CPPS.Based on this, we investigated the role of antidepressant drug （fluoxetine） in men with refractory CP/CPPS.Methods In this study, 42 men diagnosed with refractory CP/CPPS without response to standard therapy （include multiple antibiotic courses and a-blockers） were referred for fluoxetine therapy. All patients received fluoxetine （20 mg/d） for three months and were clinically evaluated before （baseline）, and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of therapy. The evaluation included a National Institutes of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index （NIH-CPSI） and a Beck depression inventory （BDI） questionnaire. Moreover, the subjective global assessment （SGA） was assessed at the 4th, 8th and 12th week of therapy.Results Significant decreases were observed for total NIH-CPSI （28.55 to 9.29）, NIH-CPSI pain （14.69 to 5.19）,NIH-CPSI urinary （4.95 to 1.88 ）, NIH-CPSI quality of life （8.83 to 2.20）, and BDI （34.67 to 13.95） scores compared with baseline, all P values ＜0.05. Twenty-nine （69.05%） reported marked improvement on the subjective global assessment and 33 （78.57%） had a greater than 50% decrease in NIH-CPSI at the end of therapy （12th week）. At the same time, the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between BDI score and each CPSI score. No adverse events were reported in this study.Conclusions Fluoxetine appears to be a safe and effective treatment in improving symptoms in, and the quality of life of, men with difficult CP/CPPS. Moreover, amelioration of difficult CP/CPPS-related symptoms could be related to a decrease in depressive symptoms.

Is mild erectile dysfunction associated with severe psychological symptoms in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome?

This study aimed to assess the association between psychological disorders and erectile dysfunction(ED)in patients with different degrees of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS).This was a retrospective study conducted from June 2017 to October 2019 and included 182 outpatients.Patients were interviewed using the Structured Interview on Erectile Dysfunction(SIEDY)for pathogenic quantification.The National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI)and the International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5)were used for the evaluation of CP/CPPS and ED.The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)and Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)were used to assess anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms.The number of patients with mild CP/CPPS and mild ED,mild CP/CPPS and moderate-to-severe ED,moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS and mild ED,and moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS and moderate-to-severe ED was 69(37.9%),36(19.8%),35(19.2%),and 42(23.1%),respectively.The corresponding PHQ-9 scores of the four groups were 6.22,7.19,10.69,and 7.71,respectively.The corresponding GAD-7 scores of the four groups were 5.26,6.31,8.77,and 6.36,respectively.Among patients with moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS,the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores of the moderate-to-severe ED group were significantly lower than those of the mild ED group(P=0.007 and P=0.010,respectively).The prevalence of ED and premature ejaculation(PE)in patients with moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS was significantly higher than that in patients with mild CP/CPPS(P=0.001 and P=0.024,respectively).Our findings proved that the severity of ED was negatively associated with psychological symptoms in outpatients with moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS.

Effect of thermophilic bacterium HB27 manganese superoxide dismutase in a rat model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS)

We investigated the therapeutic effects of superoxide dismutase(SOD)from thermophilic bacterium HB27 on chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS)and its underlying mechanisms.A Sprague–Dawley rat model of CP/CPPS was prepared and then administered saline or Thermus thermophilic(Tt)-SOD intragastrically for 4 weeks.Prostate inflammation and fibrosis were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and Masson staining.Alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),serum creatinine(CR),and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels were assayed for all animals.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)were performed to analyze serum cytokine concentrations and tissue levels of malondialdehyde,nitric oxide,SOD,catalase,and glutathione peroxidase.Reactive oxygen species levels were detected using dichlorofluorescein diacetate.The messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression of tissue cytokines was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and infiltrating inflammatory cells were examined using immunohistochemistry.Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)P65,P38,and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κBα(I-κBα)protein levels were determined using western blot.Tt-SOD significantly improved histopathological changes in CP/CPPS,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis,increased pain threshold,and reduced the prostate index.Tt-SOD treatment showed no significant effect on ALT,AST,CR,or BUN levels.Furthermore,Tt-SOD reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in prostate tissue and increased antioxidant capacity.This anti-inflammatory activity correlated with decreases in the abundance of cluster of differentiation 3(CD3),cluster of differentiation 45(CD45),and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α(MIP1α)cells.Tt-SOD alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress by reducing NF-κB P65 and P38 protein levels and increasing I-κBαprotein levels.These findings support Tt-SOD as a potential drug for CP/CPPS.

Effect of electroacupuncture on inflammatory signal expression in local tissues of rats with chronic pelvic pain syndrome based on purinergic 2X7 receptor/NOD-like receptor pyrin domaincontaining 3 signal pathway

OBJECTIVES: To study the expression of inflammatory signal in local prostate tissue of chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPS) rats by electroacupuncture(EA) of Guanyuan(CV4), Zhongji(CV3), Huiyang(BL35) and Sanyinjiao(SP6), and to explore the possible mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of EA. METHODS : A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, model and EA(n=12 rats/group). The CPPS model was made by injection of CFA into ventral lobes of the prostate(0.1 m L). Electric acupuncture apparatus was applied to stimulate Guanyuan(CV4), Zhongji(CV3), bilateral Huiyang(BL35) and Sanyinjiao(SP6) acupoints in EA group. The general condition of rats was observed and the prostate index(PI) was calculated. The thermal pain threshold was collected after each therapeutic course. Histopathological changes of the prostate tissue were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in prostatic homogenates were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Moreover, the expression levels of purinergic 2X7 receptor(P2X7R), NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3), caspase-1 and interleukin-18(IL-18) m RNA were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the PI of rats increased, and the thermal pain threshold decreased significantly in model group. The morphological structure of prostate tissues of rats in model group was severely damaged with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration. Additionally, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and PGE2 were higher, and the expressions of P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-18 m RNA were higher than those in control group. After EA treatment, the PI was significantly decreased, the thermal pain threshold was significantly increased, and the tissue damage was significantly improved. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines were lower in EA group, and expression of P2X7R/NLRP3 pathway was down-regulated. CONCLUSION: The effect of EA at Guanyuan(CV4), Zhongji(CV3), Huiyang(BL35) and Sanyinjiao(SP6) can improve inflammation and pain symptoms of CPPS rats induced by Complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA). This suggests that EA at Guanyuan(CV4), Zhongji(CV3), Huiyang(BL35) and Sanyinjiao(SP6) can produce antiinflammatory analgesia effect by preventing the activation of P2X7R/NLRP3 signal pathway, inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines in CPPS rats, which may provide a putative novel target for the treatment of CPPS.

癃清胶囊联合会阴三联针刺治疗湿热型慢性盆腔疼痛综合征的疗效分析

目的探讨癃清胶囊联合会阴三联针刺治疗湿热型慢性盆腔疼痛综合征的疗效。方法回顾性分析120例湿热型慢性盆腔疼痛综合征患者的临床资料,根据治疗方案的差异分为药物组(A组)、针刺组(B组)和药物+针刺治疗组(C组),每组40例。A组给予口服癃清胶囊治疗,B组采用会阴三联针刺治疗,C组予以癃清胶囊联合会阴三联针刺治疗。比较三组美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状评分表(NIH-CPSI)积分、中医证候积分、临床疗效、不良反应发生情况。结果A组、B组、C组临床总有效率分别为87.5%、85.0%、90.0%,组间比较无差异(P>0.05)。治疗前,三组NIH-CPSI症状影响、疼痛症状、尿路症状、生活质量积分与总积分及中医证候积分比较无差异(P>0.05)。治疗2周后,C组NIH-CPSI症状影响、疼痛症状、尿路症状、生活质量积分与总积分及中医证候积分分别为(1.76±0.21)、(9.27±2.09)、(5.15±0.05)、(4.44±0.72)、(20.62±4.25)、(18.35±4.23)分,B组分别为(2.07±0.62)、(13.29±2.25)、(5.29±0.02)、(4.75±0.65)、(25.40±3.20)、(26.35±5.10)分,A组分别为(1.96±0.56)、(13.27±2.24)、(5.27±0.03)、(4.85±0.25)、(25.35±3.22)、(26.37±5.09)分。治疗4周后,C组NIH-CPSI症状影响、疼痛症状、尿路症状、生活质量积分与总积分及中医证候积分分别为(1.02±0.20)、(5.13±1.10)、(3.30±0.24)、(3.28±0.06)、(12.73±2.22)、(12.20±2.08)分,B组分别为(1.48±0.42)、(6.25±0.25)、(4.31±0.27)、(3.60±0.06)、(15.64±2.12)、(13.23±2.00)分,A组分别为(1.52±0.25)、(6.23±0.15)、(4.55±0.95)、(3.56±0.04)、(15.86±2.09)、(13.22±2.13)分。治疗2、4周后,三组NIH-CPSI症状影响、疼痛症状、尿路症状、生活质量积分与总积分及中医证候积分均低于治疗前,且C组低于A组与B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组有2例出现腹痛、腹泻,B组未见不良反应,C组出现1例腹痛、腹泻;A、B、C组不良反应发生率分别为5.0%、0、2.5%,比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论湿热型慢性盆腔疼痛综合征采用癃清胶囊联合会阴三联针刺治疗是一种安全有效、起效快的治疗方法,可对其进行更加深入、全面的研究。

3M物理疗法在女性高张力盆底肌功能障碍中的应用现状

女性高张力盆底肌功能障碍是盆底肌损伤的常见类型,对女性身心健康和生活质量产生极大影响。3M物理疗法是包含物理因子治疗、手法治疗和运动治疗的一种综合性治疗方法。其中,物理因子治疗可以减轻疼痛,手法治疗能够松解高张力盆底肌,运动治疗能够恢复盆底肌平衡。3M物理疗法能使筋膜柔顺,力量均衡,且疗效显著,不易复发。明确3M物理疗法在高张力盆底肌功能障碍中的治疗思路及其代表性治疗方式的运动处方,可促进3M物理疗法更全面系统地应用于临床并深入验证其长期疗效。

艾灸治疗慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征的疗效和安全性评价:系统综述和Meta分析

背景:随着现代生活方式的改变及社会老龄化的加剧,慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征(Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome,CP/CPPS)的发病率逐年增高,目前多以西医治疗为主,存在一定的不良反应及并发症。艾灸治疗CP/CPPS有良好的疗效,但缺乏循证证据。目的:系统评价艾灸治疗CP/CPPS的疗效和安全性。方法:按照检索策略检索Cochrane临床对照试验中心注册库、Pubmed、Embase、中国生物医学文献系统数据库、中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库等相关数据库,检索时间均从建库到2022年4月1日。筛选出艾灸治疗CP/CPPS的随机对照试验(Randomized Controlled Trial,RCT)文献,主要结局指标:临床有效率、美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状指数(National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Index,NIH-CPSI)评分、疼痛数字评分法(Numerical Rating Scales,NRS)评分、生活质量评价量表(Quality of Life,QOL)评分、尿道分泌物(Urethral Discharge,UD)评分、白细胞计数(White Blood Cell Count,WBC)。根据Cochrane手册对纳入文献进行质量评价。运用Review Manager 5.4和Stata 16.0软件对数据进行分析。结果:纳入15篇文献,包括1 301例患者。试验组临床有效率[相对危险度(RR)=1.22,95%置信区间(CI)(1.16,1.30),P <0.000 01]高于对照组。试验组NIH-CPSI评分[均数差(MD)=1.55,95%CI(–2.15,5.25),P <0.000 1]、NRS评分[MD=–0.01,95%CI(–2.37,2.34),P <0.000 1]、QOL评分[MD=0.12,95%CI(–3.58,3.83),P=0.95]、UD评分[MD=–1.07,95%CI(–1.42,0.71),P <0.000 1], WBC[MD=2.79,95%CI(1.28,4.30),P <0.000 1]低于对照组。对临床有效率、NIH-CPSI评分进行亚组分析,临床有效率均高于对照组[RR=1.20,95%CI(1.13,1.28),P <0.000 01;RR=1.33,95%CI(1.56,1.53),P <0.000 1],NIH-CPSI评分均低于对照组[MD=0.47,95%CI(–1.46,2.39),P <0.000 1;MD=7.69,95%CI(–1.22,16.50),P <0.000 1]。结论:艾灸治疗CP/CPPS的疗效和安全性良好,但仍需更多高质量的临床研究加以验证。

揿针在治疗慢性盆腔痛综合征中作用的临床回顾研究

目的探讨揿针联合西药治疗慢性盆腔痛(CPP)的临床疗效。方法选择2017年3月—2022年5月在滨州医学院附属医院妇科收治的CPP患者120例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组口服布洛芬缓释胶囊治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联用揿针治疗,取三阴交、子宫、足三里等穴位,连续治疗4周。盆底肌力牛津分级构成比较两组治疗前后的盆底肌力;视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、Mc Cormack量表评分分别进行主观、客观疼痛评价,比较两组治疗前后疼痛症状;比较两组治疗后的临床总有效率、生活质量量表(EHP-30)得分和盆底功能情况。结果(1)盆底肌力:观察组CPP患者治疗后盆底肌力牛津分级构成显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组中Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级患者比例(76.67%,46/60)高于对照组(46.67%,28/60)。(2)VAS评分与Mc Cormack量表评分:两组CPP患者治疗后VAS评分与Mc Cormack量表评分较治疗前降低;与对照组比较,观察组患者治疗后VAS评分与Mc Cormack量表评分降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。(3)临床总有效率:观察组为85.00%(51/60),高于对照组(63.33%,38/60),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)EHP-30问卷评分:观察组CPP患者治疗后EHP-30问卷中的疼痛、控制无力感、情感健康评分以及总分较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。(5)盆底功能:两组患者治疗后盆底功能障碍类型包括膀胱垂落、阴道垂落、盆底陷窝疝、性功能障碍、尿失禁,对照组盆底功能障碍总发生率为40.00%(24/60),观察组为36.67%(22/60),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论揿针联合西药治疗CPP能够改善患者盆底肌力,改善疼痛症状,提高临床疗效和生活质量,且安全性较好,研究可为临床治疗CPP提供一定参考。