Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to attenuate inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RC extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neur...Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to attenuate inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RC extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells and the underlying mechanisms involved. BV2 cells were incubated with normal medium (control group), LPS, LPS plus 30 pg/mL RC extract, or LPS plus 100 pg/mL RC extract. The BV2 cell morphology was observed under an optical microscope and cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Nitric oxide level in BV2 cells was detected using Griess regents, and the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1 β, and tumor necrosis factor u in BV2 cells were determined by ELISA. The expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 proteins were detected by western blot assay. Compared with the LPS group, both 30 and 100 μg/mL RC extract had no significant effect on the viability of BV2 cells. The levels of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor ct in BV2 cells were all significantly increased after LPS induction, and the levels were significantly reversed after treatment with 30 and 100 μg/mL RC extract. Furthermore, RC extract significantly inhibited the protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Our findings suggest that RC extract alleviates neuroinflammation by downregulating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.展开更多
Cinnamomi Cortex(Rougui)has a lot of functions,including dissipating cold,relieving pain,benefiting joints,tonifying fire and assisting yang,warming blood vessels,dispersing abscesses and nodules and vaporizing fluid ...Cinnamomi Cortex(Rougui)has a lot of functions,including dissipating cold,relieving pain,benefiting joints,tonifying fire and assisting yang,warming blood vessels,dispersing abscesses and nodules and vaporizing fluid and humor.Among all functions,the wonderful use of Cinnamomi Cortex is in conducting the fire back to the origin.It can conduct the fire of triple energizers,which is not possessed by other drugs and is unique to Cinnamomi Cortex.Through observations and practices of some special medical records,it is found that the fire conducting of Cinnamomi Cortex can play a key and decisive role.展开更多
Chinese medicine.However,little is known about the potential mechanism.Elucidating the effective components and mechanism based on network pharmacology was our purpose.Methods:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Phar...Chinese medicine.However,little is known about the potential mechanism.Elucidating the effective components and mechanism based on network pharmacology was our purpose.Methods:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology was screened to collect the possible active ingredients and their CAS and SMILES was searched in Pubchem,and the related potential targets were further predicted in Swiss Target Prediction database.Coronary heart disease molecular members were gained from GeenCards database,and the predicted targets of Cinnamomi Ramulus for coronary heart disease’s treatment were selected by Wayne diagram.As for mechanism analysis,String was used to construct the protein-protein interactions,and DAVID was used to conduct the GO and KEGG analysis.Results:Through GO and KEGG analysis,we found that cAMP signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway was related with coronary heart disease.Using network-based systems biology,we predicted that 10 active ingredients in Cinnamomi Ramulus have the treating effects with 78 potential targets.PIK3CG,MAPK8,BCL-2,BAX,PRKACA,CASP3,CALM1,CALM2,CALM3,NOS2,NOS3 were mainly involved in the treating effects of Cinnamomi Ramulus.Conclusion:Cinnamomi Ramulus may treat coronary heart disease through cAMP signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway.PIK3CG,MAPK8,BCL-2,BAX,PRKACA,CASP3,CALM1,CALM2,CALM3,NOS2,NOS3 were supposed to be considerable targets for treating coronary heart disease.展开更多
Phlomis purpurea L.grows spontaneously in dry and stony habitats from the south of Iberian Peninsula and in cork oak(Quercus suber L.)and holm oak(Q.ilex ssp.rotundifolia,Lam.)plantations infested with Phytophthora ci...Phlomis purpurea L.grows spontaneously in dry and stony habitats from the south of Iberian Peninsula and in cork oak(Quercus suber L.)and holm oak(Q.ilex ssp.rotundifolia,Lam.)plantations infested with Phytophthora cinnamomi(Rands).The aim of this study is to understand the genetic basis of P.purpurea innate immunity to this pathogen.The transcriptome analysis of P.purpurea upon challenging with P.cinnamomi revealed a set of up-regulated genes,related to signaling,transcription factors and response to stress.Transcripts involved in the synthesis of a number of proteins,namely:ANKYRIN,AP2,AQUAPORIN,ARMADILLO,At1G69870-LIKE,BHLH,BON1,CALMODULIN,CALNEXIN,CALRETICULINE,CC-NBS-LRR,CHAPERONE,CYTOCHROME,DUF,GH3,GMP,G-TYPE,LIPOXYGENASE,MLO-LIKE,MYB,NAC,NBS-LRR,PENTATRICOPEPTIDE,SUBTILISIN,WAK,bZIP and hormones such as BRASSINOSTEROID,JASMONATE,SALICYLATE,ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE were identified.P.purpurea ability to cope with P.cinnamomi attack is based on the expression of a set of transcription factors and signaling molecules targeted by the pathogen.The information gathered contributes to the elucidation of the overall response of P.purpurea to P.cinnamomi attempted infection which can be helpful for improving woody species resistance to pathogenic oomycetes.展开更多
Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of common goldenrop decoction combined with ramuli cinnamomi decoction in the treatment of patients with insomnia during the period of the day from 11 PM to 3 AM.Methods:80 p...Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of common goldenrop decoction combined with ramuli cinnamomi decoction in the treatment of patients with insomnia during the period of the day from 11 PM to 3 AM.Methods:80 patients with insomnia during the period of the day from 11 PM to 3 AM were randomly divided into control group and intervention group.The control group was treated with 1 mg of estazolam tablets at 9 PM every night;while the intervention group was given common goldenrop decoction combined with ramuli cinnamomi decoction based on the estazolam tablets.After 2 weeks of treatment and after 2 weeks of withdrawal,the improvement in sleep was observed.Results:After 2 weeks of treatment,the efficacy of the intervention group(97.5%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(75.0%).The difference was statistically significant.After 2 weeks of withdrawal,the intervention group still had an effective rate of 87.5%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(55.0%).Conclusion:common goldenrop decoction combined with ramuli cinnamomi decoction can improve the short-term and long-term sleep quality of patients with insomnia during the period of the day from 11 PM to 3 AM.展开更多
AIM: To clarify the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic activities of cortex cinnamomi extract (CCE). METHODS: To induce in vivo diabetes, mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) via a tail vein (100 mg STZ/kg...AIM: To clarify the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic activities of cortex cinnamomi extract (CCE). METHODS: To induce in vivo diabetes, mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) via a tail vein (100 mg STZ/kg body weight). To determine the effects of CCE, mice were administered CCE twice daily for 7 d by oral gavage starting 1 wk before the STZ injection. Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration were measured as an index of diabetes. Also, to induce cytotoxicity of RINm5F cells, we treated with cytokines (IL-1β(2.0 ng/mL) and IFN-γ(100 U/mL)). Cell viability and nitric oxide production were measured colorimetrically. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRIMA and protein expression were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The activation of NF-κB was assayed by using gel mobility shift assays of nuclear extracts. RESULTS: Treatment of mice with STZ resulted in hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, which was further evidenced by immunohistochemical staining of islets. However, the diabetogenic effects of STZ were completely prevented when mice were pretreated with CCE. The inhibitory effect of CCE on STZ-induced hyperglycemia was mediated through the suppression of iNOS expression. In rat insulinoma RINm5F cells, CCE completely protected against interleukin-1βand interferon-γ-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, RINm5F cells incubated with CCE showed significant reductions in interleukin-lp and interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide production and in iNOS mRNA and protein expression, and these findings correlated well with in vivo observations. CONCLUSION: The molecular mechanism by which CCE inhibits iNOS gene expression appears to involve the inhibition of NF-κB activation. These results reveal the possible therapeutic value of CCE for the prevention of diabetes mellitus progression.展开更多
Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volum...Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volume integration.By means of CRM,the two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound.In total,97,62,and 78 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC,were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 90.08%,91.62%,and 89.76% total contents of volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC respectively.It is further demonstrated that the numbers of volatile components of DP HE-RC are almost the sum of those of two single drugs,but some relative contents of them are changed.Some new components,such as 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene,tetracyclo[4.2.1.1(2,5).0(9,10)]deca-3,7-diene,globulol and(E,E)-6,10,14-trimethyl-5,9,13-pentadecatrien-2-one are found in DP HE-RC because of chemical reactions and physical changes during decoction.展开更多
Analysis of volatile components in herbal pair (HP) herba schizonepetae-ramulus cinnamomi (HS-RC), single herb HS and RC was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data and chemometric resolution ...Analysis of volatile components in herbal pair (HP) herba schizonepetae-ramulus cinnamomi (HS-RC), single herb HS and RC was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data and chemometric resolution method (CRM). The two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound by CRM. In total, 47, 61 and 51 chemical components in volatile oil of HS, RC, and HP HS-RC were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively, accounting for 90.52%, 88.37%, and 88.72% total contents of volatile oil of HS, RC, and HP HS-RC, respectively. The number of the volatile components of HP HS-RC is almost the addition of that of two single herbs, but their relative contents are changed.展开更多
Cinnamomi Cortex was a material as medicinal and edible resources and it has been demonstrated that Cinnamomi Cortex aqueous extract(CCAE)possess hypoglycemic effect,but there were no active compounds identified as qu...Cinnamomi Cortex was a material as medicinal and edible resources and it has been demonstrated that Cinnamomi Cortex aqueous extract(CCAE)possess hypoglycemic effect,but there were no active compounds identified as quality standard of CCAE to be used in the investigate of hypoglycemic activity.Hence,in this study,the quality standard and the hypoglycemic effect of CCAE were investigated.Cinnamaldehyde and coumarin as the quality control in CCAE were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method.The results showed that the average yield of extraction was 10.06%.The concentration of coumarin was linear with peak area ranging from 0.02–1.00μg/mL(r=0.9996,n=6)and that of cinnamaldehyde also demonstrated a good linear relationship with peak area in the range of 1.05–52.50μg/mL(r=0.9997,n=6).The average recovery rate of coumarin and cinnamaldehyde was 99.42%and 100.11%,respectively.The investigation of hypoglycemic effect revealed that CCAE could improve weight loss,lower liver and pancreas indices,improve organ damage caused by diabetes,and lower fasting blood glucose,glycosylated serum protein(GSP)and total cholesterol(TC)levels.The results showed that CCAE can reduce fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels in diabetic mice.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the antipyretic mechanism of Herba Ephedrae (Eph)-Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC) herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Methods: Totally 30 qualified male SD rats were randomly assigned to...Objective: To investigate the antipyretic mechanism of Herba Ephedrae (Eph)-Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC) herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Methods: Totally 30 qualified male SD rats were randomly assigned to the normal control (NC) group, the pyrexia model (model) group, the Eph, RC and Eph-RC treatment groups by a random digital table, 6 rats in each group. Each rat received a 20% aqueous suspension of yeast (10 mL/kg) except the NC group. The 3 treatment groups were administered 8.1, 5.4 and 13.5 g/kg Eph, RC and Eph-RC respectively at 5 and 12 h after yeast injection, the NC group and the model groups were administered equal volume of distilled water. Rectal temperatures were measured at 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24 and 30 h and urine was collected prior to yeast injection and at 6, 10, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h after yeast injection. Then urine metabolomic profiling by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, coupled with multivariate statistical analysis and pattern recognition techniques were used to explore the antipyretic effects of Eph-RC. Partial least squares discriminate analysis was used to analyze the metabolomics dataset including classification and regression in metabolomics plot profiling. Results: Compared with the NC group, rectal temperatures were significantly higher in the model group (P〈0.01), while 3 treatment groups decreased significantly compared with the model group (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Rectal temperatures of Eph-RC-treated rats started to go down at 6 h, and markedly decreased at 8, 12, 15, 18 and 24 h (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01), while those of the Eph and RC groups had decreased firstly at 8 h and were markedly lower at 12 h (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Seventeen potential biomarkers related to pyrexia were confirmed and identified, including pyruvic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, phenylacetic acid, hippuric acid, succinic acid, citrate and so on. Eight potential alterations of metabolic pathways including phenylalanine metabolism, citrate cycle, tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine, were identified in relation to the antipyretic effects of Eph-RC using MetPA software. Conclusion: The antipyretic effect of Eph-RC herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats involved correction of perturbed amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism according to the metabolic pathway analysis with MetPA.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effects of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati and Ramulus Cinnamomicompatibility(PR) on uric acid metabolism and the expression of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL) and kid...Objective:To explore the effects of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati and Ramulus Cinnamomicompatibility(PR) on uric acid metabolism and the expression of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1) in rats with hyperuricemia. Methods:Seventy male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups with 10 rats per group, including the normal group, model group, allopurinol group, benzbromarone group and PR groups at 3 doses(3.5, 7, 14 g/kg). Except the normal group, rats of the other groups were intragastrically administered 100 mg/kg hypoxanthine and 250 mg/kg ethambutol, and subcutaneously injected with 200 mg/kg potassium oxonate. All rats were continuously modeled for 17 days, and gavaged with corresponding drugs. The rats of the normal and model groups were gavaged with saline, once a day, for 2 weeks. The levels of serum uric acid(SUA), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine(Cr) were determined. In addition, the contents of NGAL and KIM-1 in urine and the m RNA and protein expressions of xanthine oxidase(XOD) in liver of hyperuricemia rats were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Moreover, the pathological changes of kidney were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) stain method. Results:Compared with the normal group, the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1 and the expressions of hepatic XOD m RNA and protein in the hyperuricemia rats were increased significantly(P〈0.01). PR significantly decreased the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1 and down-regulated the m RNA and protein expressions of hepatic XOD(P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). In addition, the pathological changes of kidney were significantly suppressed by oral administration of PR. Conclusions:PR ameliorated uric acid metabolism and protected renal function, the underlying mechanism was mediated by decreasing the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1, inhibiting the expression of hepatic XOD and ameliorating the pathological change of kidney.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81473383a grant from the Medical and Health Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,No.2016-I2M-3-007a grant from Key Project of New-Drugs Creation of Science and Technology of China,No.2012ZX09103101-078 and 2017ZX09101003-003-019
文摘Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to attenuate inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RC extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells and the underlying mechanisms involved. BV2 cells were incubated with normal medium (control group), LPS, LPS plus 30 pg/mL RC extract, or LPS plus 100 pg/mL RC extract. The BV2 cell morphology was observed under an optical microscope and cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Nitric oxide level in BV2 cells was detected using Griess regents, and the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1 β, and tumor necrosis factor u in BV2 cells were determined by ELISA. The expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 proteins were detected by western blot assay. Compared with the LPS group, both 30 and 100 μg/mL RC extract had no significant effect on the viability of BV2 cells. The levels of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor ct in BV2 cells were all significantly increased after LPS induction, and the levels were significantly reversed after treatment with 30 and 100 μg/mL RC extract. Furthermore, RC extract significantly inhibited the protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Our findings suggest that RC extract alleviates neuroinflammation by downregulating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.
基金Project of Inheritance and Instruction Studio for Zhou Junhuai,an Old Chinese Medicine Expert at the Grassroots Level in Hainan Province。
文摘Cinnamomi Cortex(Rougui)has a lot of functions,including dissipating cold,relieving pain,benefiting joints,tonifying fire and assisting yang,warming blood vessels,dispersing abscesses and nodules and vaporizing fluid and humor.Among all functions,the wonderful use of Cinnamomi Cortex is in conducting the fire back to the origin.It can conduct the fire of triple energizers,which is not possessed by other drugs and is unique to Cinnamomi Cortex.Through observations and practices of some special medical records,it is found that the fire conducting of Cinnamomi Cortex can play a key and decisive role.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874404)。
文摘Chinese medicine.However,little is known about the potential mechanism.Elucidating the effective components and mechanism based on network pharmacology was our purpose.Methods:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology was screened to collect the possible active ingredients and their CAS and SMILES was searched in Pubchem,and the related potential targets were further predicted in Swiss Target Prediction database.Coronary heart disease molecular members were gained from GeenCards database,and the predicted targets of Cinnamomi Ramulus for coronary heart disease’s treatment were selected by Wayne diagram.As for mechanism analysis,String was used to construct the protein-protein interactions,and DAVID was used to conduct the GO and KEGG analysis.Results:Through GO and KEGG analysis,we found that cAMP signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway was related with coronary heart disease.Using network-based systems biology,we predicted that 10 active ingredients in Cinnamomi Ramulus have the treating effects with 78 potential targets.PIK3CG,MAPK8,BCL-2,BAX,PRKACA,CASP3,CALM1,CALM2,CALM3,NOS2,NOS3 were mainly involved in the treating effects of Cinnamomi Ramulus.Conclusion:Cinnamomi Ramulus may treat coronary heart disease through cAMP signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway.PIK3CG,MAPK8,BCL-2,BAX,PRKACA,CASP3,CALM1,CALM2,CALM3,NOS2,NOS3 were supposed to be considerable targets for treating coronary heart disease.
文摘Phlomis purpurea L.grows spontaneously in dry and stony habitats from the south of Iberian Peninsula and in cork oak(Quercus suber L.)and holm oak(Q.ilex ssp.rotundifolia,Lam.)plantations infested with Phytophthora cinnamomi(Rands).The aim of this study is to understand the genetic basis of P.purpurea innate immunity to this pathogen.The transcriptome analysis of P.purpurea upon challenging with P.cinnamomi revealed a set of up-regulated genes,related to signaling,transcription factors and response to stress.Transcripts involved in the synthesis of a number of proteins,namely:ANKYRIN,AP2,AQUAPORIN,ARMADILLO,At1G69870-LIKE,BHLH,BON1,CALMODULIN,CALNEXIN,CALRETICULINE,CC-NBS-LRR,CHAPERONE,CYTOCHROME,DUF,GH3,GMP,G-TYPE,LIPOXYGENASE,MLO-LIKE,MYB,NAC,NBS-LRR,PENTATRICOPEPTIDE,SUBTILISIN,WAK,bZIP and hormones such as BRASSINOSTEROID,JASMONATE,SALICYLATE,ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE were identified.P.purpurea ability to cope with P.cinnamomi attack is based on the expression of a set of transcription factors and signaling molecules targeted by the pathogen.The information gathered contributes to the elucidation of the overall response of P.purpurea to P.cinnamomi attempted infection which can be helpful for improving woody species resistance to pathogenic oomycetes.
文摘Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of common goldenrop decoction combined with ramuli cinnamomi decoction in the treatment of patients with insomnia during the period of the day from 11 PM to 3 AM.Methods:80 patients with insomnia during the period of the day from 11 PM to 3 AM were randomly divided into control group and intervention group.The control group was treated with 1 mg of estazolam tablets at 9 PM every night;while the intervention group was given common goldenrop decoction combined with ramuli cinnamomi decoction based on the estazolam tablets.After 2 weeks of treatment and after 2 weeks of withdrawal,the improvement in sleep was observed.Results:After 2 weeks of treatment,the efficacy of the intervention group(97.5%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(75.0%).The difference was statistically significant.After 2 weeks of withdrawal,the intervention group still had an effective rate of 87.5%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(55.0%).Conclusion:common goldenrop decoction combined with ramuli cinnamomi decoction can improve the short-term and long-term sleep quality of patients with insomnia during the period of the day from 11 PM to 3 AM.
基金Supported by the Regional Research Center Program of the Korean Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development through the Center for Healthcare Technology Development
文摘AIM: To clarify the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic activities of cortex cinnamomi extract (CCE). METHODS: To induce in vivo diabetes, mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) via a tail vein (100 mg STZ/kg body weight). To determine the effects of CCE, mice were administered CCE twice daily for 7 d by oral gavage starting 1 wk before the STZ injection. Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration were measured as an index of diabetes. Also, to induce cytotoxicity of RINm5F cells, we treated with cytokines (IL-1β(2.0 ng/mL) and IFN-γ(100 U/mL)). Cell viability and nitric oxide production were measured colorimetrically. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRIMA and protein expression were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The activation of NF-κB was assayed by using gel mobility shift assays of nuclear extracts. RESULTS: Treatment of mice with STZ resulted in hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, which was further evidenced by immunohistochemical staining of islets. However, the diabetogenic effects of STZ were completely prevented when mice were pretreated with CCE. The inhibitory effect of CCE on STZ-induced hyperglycemia was mediated through the suppression of iNOS expression. In rat insulinoma RINm5F cells, CCE completely protected against interleukin-1βand interferon-γ-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, RINm5F cells incubated with CCE showed significant reductions in interleukin-lp and interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide production and in iNOS mRNA and protein expression, and these findings correlated well with in vivo observations. CONCLUSION: The molecular mechanism by which CCE inhibits iNOS gene expression appears to involve the inhibition of NF-κB activation. These results reveal the possible therapeutic value of CCE for the prevention of diabetes mellitus progression.
基金Project (01962502) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volume integration.By means of CRM,the two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound.In total,97,62,and 78 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC,were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 90.08%,91.62%,and 89.76% total contents of volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC respectively.It is further demonstrated that the numbers of volatile components of DP HE-RC are almost the sum of those of two single drugs,but some relative contents of them are changed.Some new components,such as 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene,tetracyclo[4.2.1.1(2,5).0(9,10)]deca-3,7-diene,globulol and(E,E)-6,10,14-trimethyl-5,9,13-pentadecatrien-2-one are found in DP HE-RC because of chemical reactions and physical changes during decoction.
基金Project(20235020) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Analysis of volatile components in herbal pair (HP) herba schizonepetae-ramulus cinnamomi (HS-RC), single herb HS and RC was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data and chemometric resolution method (CRM). The two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound by CRM. In total, 47, 61 and 51 chemical components in volatile oil of HS, RC, and HP HS-RC were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively, accounting for 90.52%, 88.37%, and 88.72% total contents of volatile oil of HS, RC, and HP HS-RC, respectively. The number of the volatile components of HP HS-RC is almost the addition of that of two single herbs, but their relative contents are changed.
基金Research on Precision Nutrition and Health FoodDepartment of Science and Technology of Henan Province(CXJD2021006)+2 种基金Science and Technology Development Program of Henan Province(222102310481202102110136)Key University Science Research Project of Henan Province(20A360001).
文摘Cinnamomi Cortex was a material as medicinal and edible resources and it has been demonstrated that Cinnamomi Cortex aqueous extract(CCAE)possess hypoglycemic effect,but there were no active compounds identified as quality standard of CCAE to be used in the investigate of hypoglycemic activity.Hence,in this study,the quality standard and the hypoglycemic effect of CCAE were investigated.Cinnamaldehyde and coumarin as the quality control in CCAE were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method.The results showed that the average yield of extraction was 10.06%.The concentration of coumarin was linear with peak area ranging from 0.02–1.00μg/mL(r=0.9996,n=6)and that of cinnamaldehyde also demonstrated a good linear relationship with peak area in the range of 1.05–52.50μg/mL(r=0.9997,n=6).The average recovery rate of coumarin and cinnamaldehyde was 99.42%and 100.11%,respectively.The investigation of hypoglycemic effect revealed that CCAE could improve weight loss,lower liver and pancreas indices,improve organ damage caused by diabetes,and lower fasting blood glucose,glycosylated serum protein(GSP)and total cholesterol(TC)levels.The results showed that CCAE can reduce fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels in diabetic mice.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81030066)
文摘Objective: To investigate the antipyretic mechanism of Herba Ephedrae (Eph)-Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC) herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Methods: Totally 30 qualified male SD rats were randomly assigned to the normal control (NC) group, the pyrexia model (model) group, the Eph, RC and Eph-RC treatment groups by a random digital table, 6 rats in each group. Each rat received a 20% aqueous suspension of yeast (10 mL/kg) except the NC group. The 3 treatment groups were administered 8.1, 5.4 and 13.5 g/kg Eph, RC and Eph-RC respectively at 5 and 12 h after yeast injection, the NC group and the model groups were administered equal volume of distilled water. Rectal temperatures were measured at 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24 and 30 h and urine was collected prior to yeast injection and at 6, 10, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h after yeast injection. Then urine metabolomic profiling by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, coupled with multivariate statistical analysis and pattern recognition techniques were used to explore the antipyretic effects of Eph-RC. Partial least squares discriminate analysis was used to analyze the metabolomics dataset including classification and regression in metabolomics plot profiling. Results: Compared with the NC group, rectal temperatures were significantly higher in the model group (P〈0.01), while 3 treatment groups decreased significantly compared with the model group (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Rectal temperatures of Eph-RC-treated rats started to go down at 6 h, and markedly decreased at 8, 12, 15, 18 and 24 h (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01), while those of the Eph and RC groups had decreased firstly at 8 h and were markedly lower at 12 h (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Seventeen potential biomarkers related to pyrexia were confirmed and identified, including pyruvic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, phenylacetic acid, hippuric acid, succinic acid, citrate and so on. Eight potential alterations of metabolic pathways including phenylalanine metabolism, citrate cycle, tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine, were identified in relation to the antipyretic effects of Eph-RC using MetPA software. Conclusion: The antipyretic effect of Eph-RC herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats involved correction of perturbed amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism according to the metabolic pathway analysis with MetPA.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81173194)
文摘Objective:To explore the effects of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati and Ramulus Cinnamomicompatibility(PR) on uric acid metabolism and the expression of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1) in rats with hyperuricemia. Methods:Seventy male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups with 10 rats per group, including the normal group, model group, allopurinol group, benzbromarone group and PR groups at 3 doses(3.5, 7, 14 g/kg). Except the normal group, rats of the other groups were intragastrically administered 100 mg/kg hypoxanthine and 250 mg/kg ethambutol, and subcutaneously injected with 200 mg/kg potassium oxonate. All rats were continuously modeled for 17 days, and gavaged with corresponding drugs. The rats of the normal and model groups were gavaged with saline, once a day, for 2 weeks. The levels of serum uric acid(SUA), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine(Cr) were determined. In addition, the contents of NGAL and KIM-1 in urine and the m RNA and protein expressions of xanthine oxidase(XOD) in liver of hyperuricemia rats were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Moreover, the pathological changes of kidney were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) stain method. Results:Compared with the normal group, the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1 and the expressions of hepatic XOD m RNA and protein in the hyperuricemia rats were increased significantly(P〈0.01). PR significantly decreased the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1 and down-regulated the m RNA and protein expressions of hepatic XOD(P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). In addition, the pathological changes of kidney were significantly suppressed by oral administration of PR. Conclusions:PR ameliorated uric acid metabolism and protected renal function, the underlying mechanism was mediated by decreasing the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1, inhibiting the expression of hepatic XOD and ameliorating the pathological change of kidney.