When the contacts of a medium-voltage DC air circuit breaker(DCCB) are separated, the energy distribution of the arc is determined by the formation process of the near-electrode sheath. Therefore, the voltage drop thr...When the contacts of a medium-voltage DC air circuit breaker(DCCB) are separated, the energy distribution of the arc is determined by the formation process of the near-electrode sheath. Therefore, the voltage drop through the near-electrode sheath is an important means to build up the arc voltage, which directly determines the current-limiting performance of the DCCB. A numerical model to describe the near-electrode sheath formation process can provide insight into the physical mechanism of the arc formation, and thus provide a method for arc energy regulation. In this work, we establish a two-dimensional axisymmetric time-varying model of a medium-voltage DCCB arc when interrupted by high current based on a fluid-chemical model involving 16 kinds of species and 46 collision reactions. The transient distributions of electron number density, positive and negative ion number density, net space charge density, axial electric field, axial potential between electrodes, and near-cathode sheath are obtained from the numerical model. The computational results show that the electron density in the arc column increases, then decreases, and then stabilizes during the near-cathode sheath formation process, and the arc column's diameter gradually becomes wider. The 11.14 V–12.33 V drops along the17 μm space charge layer away from the cathode(65.5 k V/m–72.5 k V/m) when the current varies from 20 k A–80 k A.The homogeneous external magnetic field has little effect on the distribution of particles in the near-cathode sheath core,but the electron number density at the near-cathode sheath periphery can increase as the magnetic field increases and the homogeneous external magnetic field will lead to arc diffusion. The validity of the numerical model can be proven by comparison with the experiment.展开更多
This work is based on a direct current(DC)natural current commutation topology,which uses load-carrying branch contacts carrying rated current and multiple sets of series arcing branch contacts in parallel to achieve ...This work is based on a direct current(DC)natural current commutation topology,which uses load-carrying branch contacts carrying rated current and multiple sets of series arcing branch contacts in parallel to achieve circuit breaking.The proposed topology can meet the new requirements of higher voltage DC switches in aviation,aerospace,energy and other fields.First,a magneto-hydrodynamic arc model is built using COMSOL Multiphysics,and the different arc breaking characteristics of the arcing branch contacts in different gas environments are simulated.Then,a voltage uniformity coefficient is used to measure the voltage sharing effect in the process of dynamic interruption.In order to solve the dispersion of arcing contact action,a structural control method is adopted to improve the voltage uniformity coefficient.The uniform voltage distribution can improve the breaking capacity and electrical life of the series connection structure.展开更多
Multi-terminal direct current(MTDC)grids provide the possibility of meshed interconnections between regional power systems and various renewable energy resources to boost supply reliability and economy.The modular mul...Multi-terminal direct current(MTDC)grids provide the possibility of meshed interconnections between regional power systems and various renewable energy resources to boost supply reliability and economy.The modular multilevel converter(MMC)has become the basic building block for MTDC and DC grids due to its salient features,i.e.,modularity and scalability.Therefore,the MMC-based MTDC systems should be pervasively embedded into the present power system to improve system performance.However,several technical challenges hamper their practical applications and deployment,including modeling,control,and protection of the MMC-MTDC grids.This paper presents a comprehensive investigation and reference in modeling,control,and protection of the MMC-MTDC grids.A general overview of state-of-the-art modeling techniques of the MMC along with their performance in simulation analysis for MTDC applications is provided.A review of control strategies of the MMC-MTDC grids which provide AC system support is presented.State-of-the art protection techniques of the MMCMTDC systems are also investigated.Finally,the associated research challenges and trends are highlighted.展开更多
Modelling of bidirectional full bridge DC-DC converter as one of the most applicable converters has received significant attention. Mathematical modelling reduces the simulation time in comparison with detailed circui...Modelling of bidirectional full bridge DC-DC converter as one of the most applicable converters has received significant attention. Mathematical modelling reduces the simulation time in comparison with detailed circuit response;moreover it is convenient for controller design purpose. Due to simple and effective methodology, average state space is the most common method among the modelling methods. In this paper a bidirectional full bridge converter is modelled by average state space and for each mode of operations a controller is designed. Attained mathematical model results are in a close agreement with detailed circuit simulation.展开更多
电力电子电路作为开关型切换系统,其连续时间变量与离散事件相互混杂、相互作用,因此也是一个混杂系统。运用混杂系统的相关理论,给出了对二阶DC/DC变换器在连续工作模式(continuous current mode,CCM)下统一的混杂系统模型。运用Lyapu...电力电子电路作为开关型切换系统,其连续时间变量与离散事件相互混杂、相互作用,因此也是一个混杂系统。运用混杂系统的相关理论,给出了对二阶DC/DC变换器在连续工作模式(continuous current mode,CCM)下统一的混杂系统模型。运用Lyapunov直接法分析系统稳定性,根据稳定条件,提出了一种新型的类滑模控制策略,并以Boost电路为例进行了仿真和实验研究,验证了该方法的有效性,同时提出了改进措施,以满足实际应用需要。因此,与传统的状态空间平均法相比,基于混杂系统理论构建的模型中没有线性近似处理,理论上可以得到比较精确的模型,实现对电力电子电路进行更好的分析与控制。展开更多
直流母线上双极短路故障是柔性直流输电系统最为严重的故障。目前针对模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(MMC-HVDC,modular multilevel converter based HVDC)系统故障的研究大多数侧重于故障的保护,而对于故障电流特性的研究只是简单...直流母线上双极短路故障是柔性直流输电系统最为严重的故障。目前针对模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(MMC-HVDC,modular multilevel converter based HVDC)系统故障的研究大多数侧重于故障的保护,而对于故障电流特性的研究只是简单的仿真分析。因此为了能够准确分析系统直流侧暂态故障电流的特性,通过对短路故障的暂态特性建立数学模型,进而分析MMC-HVDC系统直流母线上双极短路故障的暂态特性,推导出故障电流的数学表达式,并提出利用比例因子的方法来改进等效电容值,从而使故障电流计算值更精确。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建双端MMC-HVDC系统,对实验仿真波形与计算波形进行比较和分析,验证了所提方法的可行性与精确性。展开更多
直流双极短路故障是柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)系统最严重的故障之一。具有桥臂阻尼的半桥型模块化多电平换流器在故障后能加快故障电流的衰减速度,实现系统快速重启动。基于...直流双极短路故障是柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)系统最严重的故障之一。具有桥臂阻尼的半桥型模块化多电平换流器在故障后能加快故障电流的衰减速度,实现系统快速重启动。基于含桥臂阻尼的HBMMC(half bridge sub-module modular multilevel converter)-HVDC系统建立了一套完整的直流双极短路故障机理分析的解析模型,分别对换流器闭锁前,换流器闭锁后和交流断路器断开后3个阶段的故障机理进行了详细分析,并给出了每个阶段对应的桥臂电流解析表达式。通过此解析模型,可快速准确地计算直流双极短路故障发生后的故障电流及故障衰减时间,为其工程应用提供理论依据。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真软件搭建了含桥臂阻尼的HBMMC-HVDC系统仿真模型,通过仿真验证了该解析模型的可行性与准确性。展开更多
近年来,国内外对模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的研究主要集中于系统建模仿真、控制系统设计等方面。对基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltagedirect cur...近年来,国内外对模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的研究主要集中于系统建模仿真、控制系统设计等方面。对基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltagedirect current system,MMC-HVDC)直流线路故障的研究也仅是在简单的故障定性仿真分析上。为了比较精确地定量分析MMC-HVDC系统直流侧故障瞬间电气应力的暂态特性、短路故障状态下的等值电路模型,分析了系统直流侧故障的机理,给出了故障电压、电流的数学表达式。基于RT-LAB软件搭建了双端MMC-HVDC仿真模型,验证了故障暂态特性分析的结果,单极接地故障使得直流非故障极的对地电压与换流站交流侧的相电压增大;双极短路故障会引起换流站的桥臂产生严重的过电流现象;单极断线故障会导致整流站很大的直流电压变化率,引起严重直流过电压。针对上述问题,文章结合分析结果给出了相应的故障保护要求和策略。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51977132)Key Special Science and Technology Project of Liaoning Province (Grant No.2020JH1/10100012)General Program of the Education Department of Liaoning Province (Grant No.LJKZ0126)。
文摘When the contacts of a medium-voltage DC air circuit breaker(DCCB) are separated, the energy distribution of the arc is determined by the formation process of the near-electrode sheath. Therefore, the voltage drop through the near-electrode sheath is an important means to build up the arc voltage, which directly determines the current-limiting performance of the DCCB. A numerical model to describe the near-electrode sheath formation process can provide insight into the physical mechanism of the arc formation, and thus provide a method for arc energy regulation. In this work, we establish a two-dimensional axisymmetric time-varying model of a medium-voltage DCCB arc when interrupted by high current based on a fluid-chemical model involving 16 kinds of species and 46 collision reactions. The transient distributions of electron number density, positive and negative ion number density, net space charge density, axial electric field, axial potential between electrodes, and near-cathode sheath are obtained from the numerical model. The computational results show that the electron density in the arc column increases, then decreases, and then stabilizes during the near-cathode sheath formation process, and the arc column's diameter gradually becomes wider. The 11.14 V–12.33 V drops along the17 μm space charge layer away from the cathode(65.5 k V/m–72.5 k V/m) when the current varies from 20 k A–80 k A.The homogeneous external magnetic field has little effect on the distribution of particles in the near-cathode sheath core,but the electron number density at the near-cathode sheath periphery can increase as the magnetic field increases and the homogeneous external magnetic field will lead to arc diffusion. The validity of the numerical model can be proven by comparison with the experiment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51977002)the Third International Symposium on Insulation and Discharge Computation for Power Equipment(IDCOMPU2021).
文摘This work is based on a direct current(DC)natural current commutation topology,which uses load-carrying branch contacts carrying rated current and multiple sets of series arcing branch contacts in parallel to achieve circuit breaking.The proposed topology can meet the new requirements of higher voltage DC switches in aviation,aerospace,energy and other fields.First,a magneto-hydrodynamic arc model is built using COMSOL Multiphysics,and the different arc breaking characteristics of the arcing branch contacts in different gas environments are simulated.Then,a voltage uniformity coefficient is used to measure the voltage sharing effect in the process of dynamic interruption.In order to solve the dispersion of arcing contact action,a structural control method is adopted to improve the voltage uniformity coefficient.The uniform voltage distribution can improve the breaking capacity and electrical life of the series connection structure.
基金funded by SGCC Science and Technology Program under project Research on Electromagnetic Transient Simulation Technology for Large-scale MMC-HVDC Systems.
文摘Multi-terminal direct current(MTDC)grids provide the possibility of meshed interconnections between regional power systems and various renewable energy resources to boost supply reliability and economy.The modular multilevel converter(MMC)has become the basic building block for MTDC and DC grids due to its salient features,i.e.,modularity and scalability.Therefore,the MMC-based MTDC systems should be pervasively embedded into the present power system to improve system performance.However,several technical challenges hamper their practical applications and deployment,including modeling,control,and protection of the MMC-MTDC grids.This paper presents a comprehensive investigation and reference in modeling,control,and protection of the MMC-MTDC grids.A general overview of state-of-the-art modeling techniques of the MMC along with their performance in simulation analysis for MTDC applications is provided.A review of control strategies of the MMC-MTDC grids which provide AC system support is presented.State-of-the art protection techniques of the MMCMTDC systems are also investigated.Finally,the associated research challenges and trends are highlighted.
文摘Modelling of bidirectional full bridge DC-DC converter as one of the most applicable converters has received significant attention. Mathematical modelling reduces the simulation time in comparison with detailed circuit response;moreover it is convenient for controller design purpose. Due to simple and effective methodology, average state space is the most common method among the modelling methods. In this paper a bidirectional full bridge converter is modelled by average state space and for each mode of operations a controller is designed. Attained mathematical model results are in a close agreement with detailed circuit simulation.
文摘电力电子电路作为开关型切换系统,其连续时间变量与离散事件相互混杂、相互作用,因此也是一个混杂系统。运用混杂系统的相关理论,给出了对二阶DC/DC变换器在连续工作模式(continuous current mode,CCM)下统一的混杂系统模型。运用Lyapunov直接法分析系统稳定性,根据稳定条件,提出了一种新型的类滑模控制策略,并以Boost电路为例进行了仿真和实验研究,验证了该方法的有效性,同时提出了改进措施,以满足实际应用需要。因此,与传统的状态空间平均法相比,基于混杂系统理论构建的模型中没有线性近似处理,理论上可以得到比较精确的模型,实现对电力电子电路进行更好的分析与控制。
文摘直流母线上双极短路故障是柔性直流输电系统最为严重的故障。目前针对模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(MMC-HVDC,modular multilevel converter based HVDC)系统故障的研究大多数侧重于故障的保护,而对于故障电流特性的研究只是简单的仿真分析。因此为了能够准确分析系统直流侧暂态故障电流的特性,通过对短路故障的暂态特性建立数学模型,进而分析MMC-HVDC系统直流母线上双极短路故障的暂态特性,推导出故障电流的数学表达式,并提出利用比例因子的方法来改进等效电容值,从而使故障电流计算值更精确。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建双端MMC-HVDC系统,对实验仿真波形与计算波形进行比较和分析,验证了所提方法的可行性与精确性。
文摘直流双极短路故障是柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)系统最严重的故障之一。具有桥臂阻尼的半桥型模块化多电平换流器在故障后能加快故障电流的衰减速度,实现系统快速重启动。基于含桥臂阻尼的HBMMC(half bridge sub-module modular multilevel converter)-HVDC系统建立了一套完整的直流双极短路故障机理分析的解析模型,分别对换流器闭锁前,换流器闭锁后和交流断路器断开后3个阶段的故障机理进行了详细分析,并给出了每个阶段对应的桥臂电流解析表达式。通过此解析模型,可快速准确地计算直流双极短路故障发生后的故障电流及故障衰减时间,为其工程应用提供理论依据。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真软件搭建了含桥臂阻尼的HBMMC-HVDC系统仿真模型,通过仿真验证了该解析模型的可行性与准确性。
文摘近年来,国内外对模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的研究主要集中于系统建模仿真、控制系统设计等方面。对基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltagedirect current system,MMC-HVDC)直流线路故障的研究也仅是在简单的故障定性仿真分析上。为了比较精确地定量分析MMC-HVDC系统直流侧故障瞬间电气应力的暂态特性、短路故障状态下的等值电路模型,分析了系统直流侧故障的机理,给出了故障电压、电流的数学表达式。基于RT-LAB软件搭建了双端MMC-HVDC仿真模型,验证了故障暂态特性分析的结果,单极接地故障使得直流非故障极的对地电压与换流站交流侧的相电压增大;双极短路故障会引起换流站的桥臂产生严重的过电流现象;单极断线故障会导致整流站很大的直流电压变化率,引起严重直流过电压。针对上述问题,文章结合分析结果给出了相应的故障保护要求和策略。
