A Mode Research of Straw Recycling Based on Circular Agriculture Theory

Recycling of crop residues resources has become an urgent problem to be addressed in agriculture and rural areas of China.Compared to single use patterns of crop residues resources,crop residues circular agriculture characterized by multi-grade utilization and recycling is more important to improve the added value of crop residues,to enhance product market competitiveness,and to promote scale development and industrialization of crop residues recycling.This paper discussed the basic principles of the development of crop residues circular agriculture mode,and summarized five main crop residues circular agriculture mode.

Current Situation and Countermeasures for the Development of Ecological Circular Agriculture in Zhejiang Province

Based on the analysis of present situation of ecological circular agriculture development in Zhejiang Province, the problems of limited resources, backward technology and capital shortage were proposed, and the solutions were put forward to promote the construction of modem agriculture industry system and accelerate the change from the traditional agriculture model to ecological circular agriculture model, such as choosing suitable development models according to local conditions, promoting the construction of agricultural demonstration zones, improving ecological technology, and strengthening the comprehensive utilization of resources and farming system innovation.

Assessment and Implementation Intention of Circular Agriculture in Jiangsu Province with a Case of 20 Farmers' Professional Cooperatives in Huai'an City

Circular agriculture is of practical significance for Jiangsu agriculture. The research conducted quantitative analysis on circular agriculture in Jiangsu by estab- lishing assessment index system of circular agriculture development, In 2013, most indices of Jiangsu circular agriculture kept higher than national levels, but many problems exist such as excessive uses of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and mulch. Therefore, it is effective for advancing circular agriculture in Jiangsu to stabilize gov- emment fiscal support and broaden financing channels.

Researches on Relationship between Circular Agriculture and Industrial Diversity

First, this paper establishes the conceptual model of circular agriculture, conducts systematic analysis on the circular agriculture on the basis of conceptual model, and discusses the characteristics of closeness and openness of circular agriculture and relationship between closeness and openness of circular agriculture. Second, this paper introduces the industrial diversity related to circular agriculture, defines the concept of industry and the concept of industries related to agriculture, and illustrates the related industries that are conducive to circular agriculture and the related industries that are not conducive to circular agriculture. Finally, this paper analyzes the mutual relationship between circular agriculture and industrial diversity as follows: in the system of circular agriculture, the industrial diversity can transform the wastes in upstream industries into resources in downstream industries; the industrial diversity creates possibility for recycling of agricultural byproducts; the industrial diversity is conducive to the diversification of industries related to circular agriculture.

Research on Comparative Advantage and Typical Models of Circular Agriculture Economy in Eastern and Mid-China Region

Developing agricultural circular economy is the important measures of relieving the pressure on agricultural resources, preserving the ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy. Based on the idea of circulation of agricultural research as the breakthrough point, the research firstly detailed the concept and scientific connotation of circular egdculture in an all-round way and described and analyzed the advantages and conditions of the development of circular agriculture in eastern and middle regions of China from three aspects including resources endowment, conditions of economic development and industrial base conditions. Furthermore, the research analyzed the model char- actedstics and summarized the successful ex^dence to provide a reference for promoting the models with consideration of Taihu Lake Basin in South of Jiangsu, Yi- meng mountain areas in Southeast of Shandong and hills and mountains region in northwest Henan. Finally, the reseach put forward the development orientation of agricultural circular economy and countermeasures and suggestions to further enhance the level of development.

Study on the Circular Agriculture Development in Beijing's Mountain Areas

Circular agriculture is an essential way to realize the positive recycling of ecology and harmonious development of the country construction.The sustainable development of Beijing's mountain areas depends on the background and orientation of ecological economy.Beijing's mountain areas bear the responsibility of protecting the ecological safety of the whole Beijing district and also the exploration of circular agriculture in mountain areas is very important to promote the sustainable use of agriculture resources.Beijing's mountain areas have possessed some practical experience in recycling agriculture development.Through summarizing the development mode and analyzing the development practice,the article puts forward three key segments of promoting Beijing circular agriculture development:strengthen propagate,develop superiority and built management mechanism.

Thinking on Circular Agriculture in the Low-carbon Development Situation

The concept of low-carbon economy was introduced firstly, and then patterns and principles of circular agriculture were analyzed, finally noticeable problems during circular agricultural development were put forward, such as increasing the output of circular agriculture and farmers＇ in- come, improving the market system of agricultural products, and making an effort to improve the ability of circular agriculture to adapt to climate change.

Study on development of circular agriculture in Beijing＇s mountainous areas

Circular agriculture is an inevitable course to realize positive cycle of ecology and harmonious development of rural areas. Beijing＇s mountainous areas depend on the background and orientation of ecological economy for sustainable development. It is of great significance to explore the development of the circular agriculture in the mountainous areas to facilitate sustainable use of agriculture resources. Beijing＇s mountainous areas have accumulated considerable experiences in boosting the circular agriculture. By summarizing the modes of circular agriculture in mountainous areas and analyzing their actual practices, the paper proposes we need to give high priority to strengthening publicity efforts, giving full play to resources advantages of mountainous areas, and establishing a management mechanism and operation mechanism to promote the development of circular agriculture in Beijing.

Theoretical Framework for Circular Agricultural Science and Technology Park Planning

In the paper, theoretical framework of Circular Agricultural Science and Technology Park planning was constructed based on circular agriculture, modern agriculture, garden landscape and management of agriculture SciTech park, and the concerning meaning and characteristics were introduced, providing theoretical bases and guidance for circular agriculture SciTech park.

Construction of Energy Diagram of Ecological High-value Agriculture System and Emergry Evaluation Index System

Ecological high-value agriculture research, ecological high-value agricultural is the future of agriculture in China. In the emergy diagram was constructed based on emergy theory, and the mechanism and realization approach were well described. In addition, a set of evaluation index system of emergy was established to deter- mine contribution made by different resources of the system, providing references for further exploration of ecological high-value agricultural production system.

Innovation of China's Circular Agricultural Development in the Perspective of Low Carbon Economy

On the basis of the concept and characteristics of circular economy, this paper analyzes the restraining factors of China's circular agricultural development as follows: issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers are outstanding; the problems of agricultural resources and agricultural ecological environment are serious; the quality of agricultural products cannot meet the demand of domestic and international market for food. Based on the internal requirements of low carbon economic development, this paper advances four innovative models concerning China's circular agricultural development as follows: the model of combining planting and breeding of agriculture, the developmental model of leisure and sightseeing, ecological integration model, and the developmental model of reusing agricultural byproducts. Every region should choose or create different circular agricultural model in different domains, in order to better use agricultural resources, reduce the consumption of agricultural energy inputs, reduce the emission of agricultural greenhouse gas, develop low carbon agriculture, and make great contribution for meeting the international challenges and promoting China's agricultural development.

Circular Economy in New Village Construction——A Case of Qinhuangdao City, China

On the strength of the theory of agricultural circular economy, the mutual relation between the development of agricultural circular economy and new village construction is analyzed. The results show that developing agricultural circular economy and constructing new village is the mutual promotion; realizing agricultural circular economy is the main target of new agricultural construction and developing agricultural circular economy is the way of realizing new village construction. The major problems in the development of agricultural circular economy in Qinhuangdao City are pointed out, covering weak ideological foundation of developing agricultural circular economy; inadequate directions from the government and insufficient technical and financial support. The countermeasures on developing agricultural circular economy in new village construction are put forward, including cultivating people's awareness on circular economy; establishing the law and regulation system of agricultural circular economy; intensifying the technical and model innovation of agricultural circular economy and accelerating the maketization pace of agro-products.

Controlling Agricultural Tridimensional Pollution through Circular Economy Mechanism

Agricultural tridimensional pollution （AtriP） has multi-directional and complicated chains. Circular economy is found to be an efficient mechanism that can help control AtriP. The application of three circular economic modes in agriculture and its related industries call not only interdict the AtriP chains in different stages and different directions, but also produce greater ecological, social and economical returns with less input. Nevertheless, it is a complicated systematic engineering to construct and implement effective circular economic modes to bring AtriP under control, and it depends not only on the support of the relevant technology system, but also on the supports of the relevant policies and law systems.

Construction of Agricultural Circular Economy and Standard System in China

Under the new situation of advocating the development of circular economy and low-carbon economy in the world, the agriculture is facing all the challenges to ensure food safety, dealing with climate change, promote energy conservation and pollution reduction, protect resources and environment, and increase the income of farmers. Moreover, developing circular agriculture is in the direction that the international challenges can be dealt with and the development of agriculture in China can be accelerated. This paper has reported current situation of agricultural circular economy, keep energy conservation and pollution reduction, and analyzed the basic thought of developing agricultural circular economy.

China’s Ecological Agriculture: Progress and Perspectives

Agriculture is the basis of national economy. Through science and technology and the intensive utilization of land, great achievements have been made in agriculture. However, some agro-ecological and environmental problems are rising. Because of this, people have begun to reflect on agricultural developmental policy, patterns and technologies, and put forward new thoughts for agricultural development. In the late 20th century, China’s ecologists and agronomists co-sponsored the concept of ecological agriculture with Chinese characteristics. Its essence includes a series of concepts such as integration, coordination, circulation and regeneration within agroecosystems or within systems of agriculture production, processing and marketing. After nearly 30 years of practice and development, ecological agriculture in China has achieved remarkable outcomes. However, current eco-agriculture development is unsatisfactory due to the following two factors： （i） A lack of research and accounting across a variety of agro-ecosystem service functions; （ii） It is difficult to obtain remarkable economic benefits because of the lack of market-oriented guidance, scale management, specialized production and brand popularization for the traditional autarkic peasant economy. In order to further promote the development of ecological agriculture it is necessary to engage in serious reflection on ecological agriculture in China and arrive at new understandings about circular economy, multifunctional agriculture, high-quality agriculture, industrial development, integration of the traditional essence and modern technology, and finally, the sustainable development of rural areas.

REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE:AN OVERVIEW

Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming systems.Better integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both systems.The aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems,with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to reintegration.Historically,animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic fertilisers.Although mixed farm systems can be economically attractive,benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental impacts.Reintegration is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm,regional and national levels,and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping systems.Reintegration offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits,reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers,biocides and manure processing costs.Circular agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns,matching local capacity to produce with food demand.Consequently,feed transport,greenhouse gas emissions,nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be reduced.It is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land use.New approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration,but require strong policy incentives which show clear,tangible and lasting benefits for farmers,the environment and the wider community.