Study on the circular economy of dairy industry in Hohhot, China

On August 8, 2005. Hohhot was awarded the title of ＂Chinese Dairy Capital＂. Now dairy industry is one of the pillar industries in Hohhot, with strong driving effect to the development of social economy. However; the sustainable development of dairy industry in Hohhot is threatened by rapid scale expansion and restriction of environmental supporting capacity, In accord with the ideas and requirements of the circular economy theory, this paper analyzes dairy industry pattern from two aspects and establishes the industry system. The dairy industry mainly consists of cow breeding and dairy process. The circular economy mnst set about from the two aspects. For the most part, dairy processing should start from the two most key links, namely packing and water using.

Development Situation and Strategy Analysis of Waxy Corn Processing Industry in Chongqing Municipality

With the development of society and economy and increasing awareness of people's diet and health care,the demand for waxy corn and its processed products has been rising. At present,the planting of waxy corn in Chongqing is taking shape,but the waxy corn processing is still in the initial stage with smaller enterprise scale and fewer processing product variety. Based on the analysis of the development advantages and disadvantages of waxy corn processing industry in Chongqing,this paper brings forward the development ideas and strategies of Chongqing waxy corn processing industry from three aspects of production,processing and policy.

The Construction of a New Rice Industrial Chain: A Case Study from the View of Circular Economy

There are currently several problems that exist in the rice processing industry, including a low amount of deep processing and low resource utilization. Using a rice processing enterprise as a study case, we propose the construction of a new rice industrial chain guided by the circular economy concept and we analyzed the economic returns, ecological effectiveness, and social benefits from the extension of circular economy. This paper aims to provide beneficial information that agricultural enterprises can use to develop the circular economy method.

以龙头企业为纽带构建果品循环经济产业链及运行机制

发展循环经济产业链是协调果品产业发展和生态保护的重要举措。针对现阶段我国果品循环经济产业链发展过程中面临的困境,分析典型案例和现有研究成果,提出以龙头企业为纽带、产业链联动为形式、循环经济技术为基础、利益分配机制为保障的果品循环经济产业链构建及运行机制,研究分析了龙头企业在果品循环经济产业链运行过程中发挥的重要纽带作用,有针对性地提出建议。

基于产业链视角的县域特色农产品精深加工能力提升对策研究——以云南省弥渡县为例

以弥渡县为例,通过实地调研总结出弥渡县县域特色农产品深加工的现状和特点,指出了该县农产品加工能力建设存在的问题,并提出了基于产业链视角的县域特色农产品精深加工能力提升对策。

Carbon monoxide production using a steel mill gas in a combined chemical looping process

Up to 9% of the global CO_(2) emissions come from the iron and steel industry. Here, a combined chemical looping process to produce CO, a building block for the chemical industry, from the CO_(2) -rich blast furnace gas of a steel mill is proposed. This cyclic process can make use of abundant Fe_(3)O_(4) and CaO as solid oxygen and CO_(2) carriers at atmospheric pressure. A proof of concept was obtained in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor with synthetic blast furnace gas and Fe_(3)O_(4) /CaO = 0.6 kg/kg. CO production from the proposed process was investigated at both isothermal conditions(1023 K) and upon imposing a temperature program from 1023 to 1148 K. The experimental results were compared using performance indicators such as CO yield, CO space time yield, carbon recovery of the process, fuel utilisation, and solids’ utilisation.The temperature-programmed CO production resulted in a CO yield of 0.056 ± 0.002 mol per mol of synthetic blast furnace gas at an average CO space time yield of 7.6 mmol kgFe^(-1) s^(-1) over 10 cycles, carbon recovery of 48% ± 1%, fuel utilisation of 23% ± 2%, and an average calcium oxide and iron oxide utilisation of 22% ± 1% and 11% ± 1%. These experimental performance indicators for the temperature-programmed CO production were consistently better than those of the isothermal implementation mode by 20% to 35%. Over 10 consecutive process cycles, no significant losses in CO yield were observed in either implementation mode. Process simulation was carried out for 1 million metric tonnes per year of equivalent CO_(2) emissions from the blast furnace gas of a steel mill to analyse the exergy losses in both modes of operation. Comparison of the exergy efficiency of the temperature-programmed process to the isothermal process showed that the former is more efficient because of the higher CO concentration achievable,despite 20% higher exergy losses caused by heat transfer required to change temperature.

循环经济模式下饲料行业与农业经济联合可持续发展模式探析

循环经济模式为我国农业高效生产提供了指导思路,是实现农业可持续发展的根本路径。作为农业经济的支柱产业,饲料行业是种植业和畜牧业的关键枢纽,其行业发展态势会影响上下游产业链的良性运转,进而阻碍整个农业体系的可持续发展。因此,文章基于循环经济模式探讨饲料行业发展现状及问题,并针对具体问题及其成因提出一些推动饲料行业与农业体系联合可持续发展的重要途径。

Process engineering in circular economy

Driven by increasing global population and by growing demand for individual wealth, the consumption of energy and raw materials as well as the steadily growing CO2 concentration in atmosphere pose great challenges to process engineering. This complex multi-scale discipline deals with the transformation of mass by energy to manifold products in different industrial fields under economical and ecological sus- tainable conditions. In growing circular economy, process engineering increasingly plays an important role in recovering valuable components from very diffuse material flows leaving the user stocks following widely variable time periods of use. As well it is engaged in thermal recovery of energy therefrom and in environmentally safe disposal of residual solid wastes whose recovery economically is not feasible. An efficient recovery of materials and energy following the laws of entropy is a must. A complex network of mass, energy, transportation and information flows has to be regarded with growing traded quantities of used goods even on global level. Important constraints in time, however, exist for a necessary realization of innovative new processes and communal mobility and industrial infrastructure on medium and large scale. Based on reasonable long term and highly reliable statistics from industrial organizations repre- senting steel and paper industry, some limits and trends of possible developments in processing of those industries with long recycling experience will be discussed.

循环经济背景下氯碱化工环保全过程管理体系构建

氯碱化工一直都是一项高污染、高能耗与高风险的行业,在企业生产过程中经常会面临有毒、有害、难降解等废弃物,管理不当就会对环境形成极大的污染。特别是面对社会快速发展的经济对环境负面影响的加剧和国家循环经济理念的提出,企业发展循环经济成为重要的管理方向。在循环经济背景下,进行氯碱化工环保全过程管理体系的构建,通过一系列环保措施与规定,优化氯碱企业的产业布局与结构,推动氯碱化工行业的可持续发展至关重要。

中国农业循环经济标准体系构建与对策

农业循环经济标准体系构建是开展农业循环经济的基础性和统领性工作,目前中国在农业循环经济领域已积累了较多成功经验,但尚未建立完整的标准体系。该文剖析了中国农业循环经济标准体系构建所存在的核心问题,基于农业产业链和农产品生命周期视角,系统阐述了中国农业循环经济领域的标准体系构建过程、基本组成、结构维度(包含产业链维、产业维、层次维)、制定原则和结构框图,构建了包括基础、管理通用、产业链链接、方法与专用等4个层次的农业循环经济标准体系;最后详细解析了农业循环经济、生态农业及有机农业标准关系的关系;并根据中国循环农业产业发展的实际需求,按照轻重缓急原则提出亟需制定的相关标准建议,可为中国农业循环经济标准化、规范化发展提供理论依据。

现阶段中国生态农业可持续发展面临的实践和理论问题探讨

随着全球经济一体化的发展以及中国实施可持续发展和全面建设小康社会的需要,中国生态农业面临着新的机遇和挑战。我国生态农业经过20多年的实践,现已取得了一定进展,并具备了一定的发展基础。目前,全国2000多个县、乡镇先后实施了生态农业建设。然而,当前我国生态农业可持续发展面临着一系列实践和理论问题。在实践方面,存在着思想认识、技术、资金、建设与管理等问题。在科学理论方面则需要解决如生态农业的基本内涵、分类、生态模式的内在过程与机理及其生态服务功能、模式的尺度转换以及生态农业模式变化规律、生态农业安全等问题。因此,加快开展全国生态农业建设规划,加大资金投入和政策扶持力度,加强农业基础设施和社会化服务体系建设,加快农业产业结构调整和优化升级,发展生态产业,全面推动生态农业的产业化、标准化、信息化和现代化发展,是当前生态农业建设面临的重要任务。

论循环经济理论对农业发展的适用性及制度构建

传统农业的资源高消耗、环境高污染和粗放式经营将直接导致资源危机、生态破坏和环境污染等一系列制约农村和农业经济可持续发展的现实问题。农业循环经济是在循环经济理念和可持续发展思想指导下出现的新型农业经济发展模式,它摈弃了传统农业的掠夺性经营方式,把农业经济发展与环境生态保护有机结合起来,从而成为农业经济和国民经济可持续发展的重要形式。农业循环经济建设需要从宏观、中观、微观三个层次构建发展框架,并需要有相应的制度予以保证。

面向循环经济的生态农业现代化转型

循环经济是可持续发展的重要支撑,已得到世界上许多国家的认同和接受。中国是一个农业大国和人口大国,发展农业循环经济具有极其重要的现实意义。我国具有良好的发展农业循环经济的基础。农业循环经济的内容十分丰富,包括农业生产部门内部的物质与能量的耦合、农业产业部门之间的物质与能量的耦合、农业与工业之间的物质与能量的耦合、城乡资源利用之间的物质与能量的耦合等具体发展模式。生态农业是农业循环经济发展的重要形式和载体,但要达到循环经济的目标和要求,还必须实现向规模化、产业化、无害化、标准化、市场化与功能多元化的转型与提升。同时,必须采取相应的对策措施,包括加强农业循环经济的法制建设、生态农业产业化建设、工农业废弃物处理与资源化利用以及现代生态农业园区建设等内容。

循环经济与农业产业集群组织结构演化研究

产业集群模式在农业生产中的应用与发展,成为我国推进农村新型工业化进程、加快农业产业化步伐的又一有效产业组织形式。但其在发展过程出现许多如环境污染、资源配置不合理及利用效率不高等问题,严重影响农业产业集群发展的可持续性。本文从农业产业集群基本特征出发,研究了产业群落与生态群落本质关联及相似性,提出循环经济是农业产业集群可持续发展的必然趋势,并试图从组织结构方面来引进循环经济理论。

农业特色经济理论问题研究

农业特色经济在中国的经济发展中有着极其重要的作用,本文分析了当前农业特色经济理论研究中的一些问题,提出了农业特色经济要素组合的观点,对农业特色经济存在的原因、特征、特色的来源、农业特色经济发展模型、农业特色经济发展和所需要面对的风险,进行了较为系统的研究。

论循环经济理论对农业经济发展的适用性意义

农业循环经济是在循环经济理念和可持续发展思想指导下出现的新型农业经济发展模式,它摈弃了传统农业的掠夺性经营方式,把农业经济发展与环境生态保护有机结合起来,从而成为农业经济和国家经济可持续发展的重要形式.农业循环经济建设需要从宏观、中观、微观3个层次构建其发展框架,并需要有相应的制度予以保证.

国家级生态市创建中的生态农业发展对策

构建了雅安市创建国家级生态市中与生态农业建设直接和间接相关的指标和建设目标,并提出应从科学制定生态农业区划,加快生态农业科技园区建设,加大生态农业基地建设力度,推进循环经济型企业和绿色食品大市建设,完善农业产业化机制及增加农业基础设施与保障能力建设等方面推动生态农业的持续、快速、健康发展。

“3R”原则指导下的农工一体化循环经济模式——对贵港国家生态工业(制糖)示范园建设的分析

文章对11项贵港国家生态工业(制糖)示范园建设工程进行了资源减量化、再利用和再循环使用归类分析,指出贵糖集团依据“3R”原则,成功地建立了资源节约型企业,有效地解决了制糖业存在的结构性和区域性污染问题,实现了农业产业化和工业生态化的联动,形成了具有中国特色的农工一体化循环经济模式。

玉米深加工产业的循环经济模式研究

玉米深加工具有典型的替代能源及循环经济特征。目前玉米深加工行业面临的资源短缺和环境污染的双重制约。从促进经济与环境协调发展的角度,结合玉米深加工产业发展及环境治理现状,对玉米深加工产业的循环经济模式——玉米深加工生态产业园区建设进行了探索。通过对玉米深加工生态产业园上下游原料产业链的延伸、各环节废物的资源化分析、能源与水资源回收利用的设计和生态产业园区外围企业关系的研究,结果表明,通过实施清洁生产和延长产业链,构建闭合循环的玉米深加工生态产业链条,可实现资源、能源的有效节约和副产品、废弃物的综合利用,具有相应的环境、经济和社会效益,在增强企业绿色竞争力的同时可促进玉米深加工产业的可持续发展。该模式对吉林省及同类地区玉米深加工产业的可持续发展有指导和借鉴意义。

基于系统动力学的农产品加工业对地区经济推动效应研究

在回顾系统动力学在农产品加工业与地区经济发展的研究成果的基础上,分析了农产品加工业与地区经济发展的动态机制,并建立了基于农产品加工业的地区经济系统动力学模型,利用该模型仿真分析了山东省莱阳市的经济体系动态过程。模拟结果表明:合理控制人口和能源消耗、实施可持续发展战略规划、发展农产品加工业可以弥补减免农业税收后的地区财政收入,促进地区经济的可持续发展。