Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition,which can lead to adverse health outcomes such as prolonged hospitalization,increased complications,and increased mortality.Accurate and timely nutritional assessment p...Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition,which can lead to adverse health outcomes such as prolonged hospitalization,increased complications,and increased mortality.Accurate and timely nutritional assessment plays a critical role in effectively managing malnutrition in these patients.However,while many tools exist to assess malnutrition,there is no universally accepted standard.Although different tools have their own strengths and limitations,there is a lack of narrative reviews on nutritional assessment tools for cancer patients.To address this knowledge gap,we conducted a non-systematic literature search using PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library from their inception until May 2023.A total of 90 studies met our selection criteria and were included in our narrative review.We evaluated the applications,strengths,and limitations of 4 commonly used nutritional assessment tools for cancer patients:the Subjective Global Assessment(SGA),Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA),Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA),and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM).Our findings revealed that malnutrition was associated with adverse health outcomes.Each of these 4 tools has its applications,strengths,and limitations.Our findings provide medical staff with a foundation for choosing the optimal tool to rapidly and accurately assess malnutrition in cancer patients.It is essential for medical staff to be familiar with these common tools to ensure effective nutritional management of cancer patients.展开更多
Magnesium alloys have many advantages as lightweight materials for engineering applications,especially in the fields of automotive and aerospace.They undergo extensive cutting or machining while making products out of...Magnesium alloys have many advantages as lightweight materials for engineering applications,especially in the fields of automotive and aerospace.They undergo extensive cutting or machining while making products out of them.Dry cutting,a sustainable machining method,causes more friction and adhesion at the tool-chip interface.One of the promising solutions to this problem is cutting tool surface texturing,which can reduce tool wear and friction in dry cutting and improve machining performance.This paper aims to investigate the impact of dimple textures(made on the flank face of cutting inserts)on tool wear and chip morphology in the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy.The results show that the cutting speed was the most significant factor affecting tool flank wear,followed by feed rate and cutting depth.The tool wear mechanism was examined using scanning electron microscope(SEM)images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)analysis reports,which showed that at low cutting speed,the main wear mechanism was abrasion,while at high speed,it was adhesion.The chips are discontinuous at low cutting speeds,while continuous at high cutting speeds.The dimple textured flank face cutting tools facilitate the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy and contribute to ecological benefits.展开更多
This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of th...This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of the tool. The evaluation method, dimension, scoring method, evaluation content and application scope of the tool were compared, so as to provide reference for nurses to comprehensively and accurately evaluate patients’ medication status.展开更多
We have developed a protein array system,named"Phospho-Totum",which reproduces the phosphorylation state of a sample on the array.The protein array contains 1471 proteins from 273 known signaling pathways.Ac...We have developed a protein array system,named"Phospho-Totum",which reproduces the phosphorylation state of a sample on the array.The protein array contains 1471 proteins from 273 known signaling pathways.According to the activation degrees of tyrosine kinases in the sample,the corresponding groups of substrate proteins on the array are phosphorylated under the same conditions.In addition to measuring the phosphorylation levels of the 1471 substrates,we have developed and performed the artificial intelligence-assisted tools to further characterize the phosphorylation state and estimate pathway activation,tyrosine kinase activation,and a list of kinase inhibitors that produce phosphorylation states similar to that of the sample.The Phospho-Totum system,which seamlessly links and interrogates the measurements and analyses,has the potential to not only elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms in diseases by reproducing the phosphorylation state of samples,but also be useful for drug discovery,particularly for screening targeted kinases for potential drug kinase inhibitors.展开更多
The laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) process can integrally form geometrically complex and high-performance metallic parts that have attracted much interest,especially in the molds industry.The appearance of the LPBF mak...The laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) process can integrally form geometrically complex and high-performance metallic parts that have attracted much interest,especially in the molds industry.The appearance of the LPBF makes it possible to design and produce complex conformal cooling channel systems in molds.Thus,LPBF-processed tool steels have attracted more and more attention.The complex thermal history in the LPBF process makes the microstructural characteristics and properties different from those of conventional manufactured tool steels.This paper provides an overview of LPBF-processed tool steels by describing the physical phenomena,the microstructural characteristics,and the mechanical/thermal properties,including tensile properties,wear resistance,and thermal properties.The microstructural characteristics are presented through a multiscale perspective,ranging from densification,meso-structure,microstructure,substructure in grains,to nanoprecipitates.Finally,a summary of tool steels and their challenges and outlooks are introduced.展开更多
The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care management.This development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various too...The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care management.This development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various tools and technology which has completely changed the patient management including abdominal surgery.Surgery for abdominal diseases has moved from maximally invasive to minimally invasive(laparoscopic and robotic)surgery.Some of the newer medicines have its impact on need for surgical intervention.This article focuses on the development of these emerging molecules,tools,and technology and their impact on present surgical form and its future effects on the surgical intervention in gastroenterological diseases.展开更多
The wear of metal cutting tools will progressively rise as the cutting time goes on. Wearing heavily on the toolwill generate significant noise and vibration, negatively impacting the accuracy of the forming and the s...The wear of metal cutting tools will progressively rise as the cutting time goes on. Wearing heavily on the toolwill generate significant noise and vibration, negatively impacting the accuracy of the forming and the surfaceintegrity of the workpiece. Hence, during the cutting process, it is imperative to continually monitor the tool wearstate andpromptly replace anyheavilyworn tools toguarantee thequality of the cutting.The conventional tool wearmonitoring models, which are based on machine learning, are specifically built for the intended cutting conditions.However, these models require retraining when the cutting conditions undergo any changes. This method has noapplication value if the cutting conditions frequently change. This manuscript proposes a method for monitoringtool wear basedonunsuperviseddeep transfer learning. Due to the similarity of the tool wear process under varyingworking conditions, a tool wear recognitionmodel that can adapt to both current and previous working conditionshas been developed by utilizing cutting monitoring data from history. To extract and classify cutting vibrationsignals, the unsupervised deep transfer learning network comprises a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neuralnetwork (CNN) with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). To achieve distribution alignment of deep features throughthe maximum mean discrepancy algorithm, a domain adaptive layer is embedded in the penultimate layer of thenetwork. A platformformonitoring tool wear during endmilling has been constructed. The proposedmethod wasverified through the execution of a full life test of end milling under multiple working conditions with a Cr12MoVsteel workpiece. Our experiments demonstrate that the transfer learning model maintains a classification accuracyof over 80%. In comparisonwith the most advanced tool wearmonitoring methods, the presentedmodel guaranteessuperior performance in the target domains.展开更多
Machining is as old as humanity, and changes in temperature in both the machine’s internal and external environments can be of great concern as they affect the machine’s thermal stability and, thus, the machine’s d...Machining is as old as humanity, and changes in temperature in both the machine’s internal and external environments can be of great concern as they affect the machine’s thermal stability and, thus, the machine’s dimensional accuracy. This paper is a continuation of our earlier work, which aimed to analyze the effect of the internal temperature of a machine tool as the machine is put into operation and vary the external temperature, the machine floor temperature. Some experiments are carried out under controlled conditions to study how machine tool components get heated up and how this heating up affects the machine’s accuracy due to thermally induced deviations. Additionally, another angle is added by varying the machine floor temperature. The parameters mentioned above are explored in line with the overall thermal stability of the machine tool and its dimensional accuracy. A Robodrill CNC machine tool is used. The CNC was first soaked with thermal energy by gradually raising the machine floor temperature to a certain level before putting the machine in operation. The machine was monitored, and analytical methods were deplored to evaluate thermal stability. Secondly, the machine was run idle for some time under raised floor temperature before it was put into operation. Data was also collected and analyzed. It is observed that machine thermal stability can be achieved in several ways depending on how the above parameters are joggled. This paper, in conclusion, reinforces the idea of machine tool warm-up process in conjunction with a carefully analyzed and established machine floor temperature variation for the approximation of the machine tool’s thermally stability to map the long-time behavior of the machine tool.展开更多
Objective:To review the research progress of peripheral venous access difficulty assessment tools in children and to provide a reference for clinical nurses to select and develop appropriate assessment tools.Methods:S...Objective:To review the research progress of peripheral venous access difficulty assessment tools in children and to provide a reference for clinical nurses to select and develop appropriate assessment tools.Methods:Search the literature at home and abroad and summarize and analyze the existing evaluation tools.Results:There is no unified assessment tool about difficult venous access in children at home and abroad.The existing tools include the difficult venous access assessment scale and peripheral venous grading assessment tool.Conclusion:The current assessment tools for venous access difficulties in children have their own limitations,and it is necessary to develop further the assessment tools suitable for the cultural background of children's venous access difficulties.This paper summarized the current progress of research on peripheral venous access difficulty assessment tools.It also analyzed and summarized the shortcomings of existing tools to provide a reference for clinical staff to choose appropriate assessment tools.展开更多
The development of digital technology has brought about a substantial evolution in the multimedia field.The use of generative technologies to produce digital multimedia material is one of the newer developments in thi...The development of digital technology has brought about a substantial evolution in the multimedia field.The use of generative technologies to produce digital multimedia material is one of the newer developments in this field.The“Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory”(DGMTT)is therefore presented in this theoretical postulation by Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem and Eric Msughter Aondover.It discusses and describes the principles behind the development and deployment of generative tools in multimedia creation.The DGMTT offers an all-encompassing structure for comprehending and evaluating the fundamentals and consequences of generative tools in the production of multimedia content.It provides information about the creation and use of these instruments,thereby promoting developments in the digital media industry.These tools create dynamic and interactive multimedia content by utilizing machine learning,artificial intelligence,and algorithms.This theory emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend the fundamental ideas and principles of generative tools in order to use them efficiently when creating digital media content.A wide range of industries,including journalism,advertising,entertainment,education,and the arts,can benefit from the practical use of DGMTT.It gives artists the ability to use generative technologies to create unique and customized multimedia content for its viewers.展开更多
In the context of intelligent manufacturing,machine tools,as core equipment,directly influence production efficiency and product quality through their operational reliability.Traditional maintenance methods for machin...In the context of intelligent manufacturing,machine tools,as core equipment,directly influence production efficiency and product quality through their operational reliability.Traditional maintenance methods for machine tools,often characterized by low efficiency and high costs,fail to meet the demands of modern manufacturing industries.Therefore,leveraging intelligent manufacturing technologies,this paper proposes a solution optimized for the diagnosis and maintenance of machine tool faults.Initially,the paper introduces sensor-based data acquisition technologies combined with big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to achieve intelligent fault diagnosis of machine tools.Subsequently,it discusses predictive maintenance strategies by establishing an optimized model for maintenance strategy and resource allocation,thereby enhancing maintenance efficiency and reducing costs.Lastly,the paper explores the architectural design,integration,and testing evaluation methods of intelligent manufacturing systems.The study indicates that optimization of machine tool fault diagnosis and maintenance in an intelligent manufacturing environment not only enhances equipment reliability but also significantly reduces maintenance costs,offering broad application prospects.展开更多
Brittle materials are widely used for producing important components in the industry of optics,optoelectronics,and semiconductors.Ultraprecision machining of brittle materials with high surface quality and surface int...Brittle materials are widely used for producing important components in the industry of optics,optoelectronics,and semiconductors.Ultraprecision machining of brittle materials with high surface quality and surface integrity helps improve the functional performance and lifespan of the components.According to their hardness,brittle materials can be roughly divided into hard-brittle and soft-brittle.Although there have been some literature reviews for ultraprecision machining of hard-brittle materials,up to date,very few review papers are available that focus on the processing of soft-brittle materials.Due to the‘soft’and‘brittle’properties,this group of materials has unique machining characteristics.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in ultraprecision machining of soft-brittle materials.Critical aspects of machining mechanisms,such as chip formation,surface topography,and subsurface damage for different machining methods,including diamond turning,micro end milling,ultraprecision grinding,and micro/nano burnishing,are compared in terms of tool-workpiece interaction.The effects of tool geometries on the machining characteristics of soft-brittle materials are systematically analyzed,and dominating factors are sorted out.Problems and challenges in the engineering applications are identified,and solutions/guidelines for future R&D are provided.展开更多
In-process damage to a cutting tool degrades the surfacenish of the job shaped by machining and causes a signicantnancial loss.This stimulates the need for Tool Condition Monitoring(TCM)t...In-process damage to a cutting tool degrades the surfacenish of the job shaped by machining and causes a signicantnancial loss.This stimulates the need for Tool Condition Monitoring(TCM)to assist detection of failure before it extends to the worse phase.Machine Learning(ML)based TCM has been extensively explored in the last decade.However,most of the research is now directed toward Deep Learning(DL).The“Deep”formulation,hierarchical compositionality,distributed representation and end-to-end learning of Neural Nets need to be explored to create a generalized TCM framework to perform eciently in a high-noise environment of cross-domain machining.With this motivation,the design of dierent CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)architectures such as AlexNet,ResNet-50,LeNet-5,and VGG-16 is presented in this paper.Real-time spindle vibrations corresponding to healthy and various faulty congurations of milling cutter were acquired.This data was transformed into the time-frequency domain and further processed by proposed architectures in graphical form,i.e.,spectrogram.The model is trained,tested,and validated considering dierent datasets and showcased promising results.展开更多
This study explored the concurrent scheduling of machines, tools, and tool transporter(TT) with alternative machines in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system(FMS), taking into mind the tool transfer durations ...This study explored the concurrent scheduling of machines, tools, and tool transporter(TT) with alternative machines in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system(FMS), taking into mind the tool transfer durations for minimization of the makespan(MSN). When tools are expensive, just a single copy of every tool kind is made available for use in the FMS system. Because the tools are housed in a central tool magazine(CTM), which then distributes and delivers them to many machines, because there is no longer a need to duplicate the tools in each machine, the associated costs are avoided. Choosing alternative machines for job operations(jb-ons), assigning tools to jb-ons, sequencing jb-ons on machines, and arranging allied trip activities, together with the TT’s loaded trip times and deadheading periods, are all challenges that must be overcome to achieve the goal of minimizing MSN. In addition to a mixed nonlinear integer programming(MNLIP) formulation for this simultaneous scheduling problem, this paper suggests a symbiotic organisms search algorithm(SOSA) for the problem’s solution. This algorithm relies on organisms’ symbiotic interaction strategies to keep living in an ecosystem. The findings demonstrate that SOSA is superior to the Jaya algorithm in providing solutions and that using alternative machines for operations helps bring down MSN.展开更多
As wafer circuit width shrinks down to less than ten nanometers in recent years,stringent quality control in the wafer manufacturing process is increasingly important.Thanks to the coupling of neighboring cluster tool...As wafer circuit width shrinks down to less than ten nanometers in recent years,stringent quality control in the wafer manufacturing process is increasingly important.Thanks to the coupling of neighboring cluster tools and coordination of multiple robots in a multi-cluster tool,wafer production scheduling becomes rather complicated.After a wafer is processed,due to high-temperature chemical reactions in a chamber,the robot should be controlled to take it out of the processing chamber at the right time.In order to ensure the uniformity of integrated circuits on wafers,it is highly desirable to make the differences in wafer post-processing time among the individual tools in a multicluster tool as small as possible.To achieve this goal,for the first time,this work aims to find an optimal schedule for a dual-arm multi-cluster tool to regulate the wafer post-processing time.To do so,we propose polynomial-time algorithms to find an optimal schedule,which can achieve the highest throughput,and minimize the total post-processing time of the processing steps.We propose a linear program model and another algorithm to balance the differences in the post-processing time between any pair of adjacent cluster tools.Two industrial examples are given to illustrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Guangxi Medical University 2023 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(No.202310598015).
文摘Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition,which can lead to adverse health outcomes such as prolonged hospitalization,increased complications,and increased mortality.Accurate and timely nutritional assessment plays a critical role in effectively managing malnutrition in these patients.However,while many tools exist to assess malnutrition,there is no universally accepted standard.Although different tools have their own strengths and limitations,there is a lack of narrative reviews on nutritional assessment tools for cancer patients.To address this knowledge gap,we conducted a non-systematic literature search using PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library from their inception until May 2023.A total of 90 studies met our selection criteria and were included in our narrative review.We evaluated the applications,strengths,and limitations of 4 commonly used nutritional assessment tools for cancer patients:the Subjective Global Assessment(SGA),Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA),Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA),and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM).Our findings revealed that malnutrition was associated with adverse health outcomes.Each of these 4 tools has its applications,strengths,and limitations.Our findings provide medical staff with a foundation for choosing the optimal tool to rapidly and accurately assess malnutrition in cancer patients.It is essential for medical staff to be familiar with these common tools to ensure effective nutritional management of cancer patients.
文摘Magnesium alloys have many advantages as lightweight materials for engineering applications,especially in the fields of automotive and aerospace.They undergo extensive cutting or machining while making products out of them.Dry cutting,a sustainable machining method,causes more friction and adhesion at the tool-chip interface.One of the promising solutions to this problem is cutting tool surface texturing,which can reduce tool wear and friction in dry cutting and improve machining performance.This paper aims to investigate the impact of dimple textures(made on the flank face of cutting inserts)on tool wear and chip morphology in the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy.The results show that the cutting speed was the most significant factor affecting tool flank wear,followed by feed rate and cutting depth.The tool wear mechanism was examined using scanning electron microscope(SEM)images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)analysis reports,which showed that at low cutting speed,the main wear mechanism was abrasion,while at high speed,it was adhesion.The chips are discontinuous at low cutting speeds,while continuous at high cutting speeds.The dimple textured flank face cutting tools facilitate the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy and contribute to ecological benefits.
文摘This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of the tool. The evaluation method, dimension, scoring method, evaluation content and application scope of the tool were compared, so as to provide reference for nurses to comprehensively and accurately evaluate patients’ medication status.
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82230114 to F.H.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0104800 to F.H.).
文摘We have developed a protein array system,named"Phospho-Totum",which reproduces the phosphorylation state of a sample on the array.The protein array contains 1471 proteins from 273 known signaling pathways.According to the activation degrees of tyrosine kinases in the sample,the corresponding groups of substrate proteins on the array are phosphorylated under the same conditions.In addition to measuring the phosphorylation levels of the 1471 substrates,we have developed and performed the artificial intelligence-assisted tools to further characterize the phosphorylation state and estimate pathway activation,tyrosine kinase activation,and a list of kinase inhibitors that produce phosphorylation states similar to that of the sample.The Phospho-Totum system,which seamlessly links and interrogates the measurements and analyses,has the potential to not only elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms in diseases by reproducing the phosphorylation state of samples,but also be useful for drug discovery,particularly for screening targeted kinases for potential drug kinase inhibitors.
基金financial supports provided by the China Scholarship Council(Nos.202206 290061 and 202206290062)。
文摘The laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) process can integrally form geometrically complex and high-performance metallic parts that have attracted much interest,especially in the molds industry.The appearance of the LPBF makes it possible to design and produce complex conformal cooling channel systems in molds.Thus,LPBF-processed tool steels have attracted more and more attention.The complex thermal history in the LPBF process makes the microstructural characteristics and properties different from those of conventional manufactured tool steels.This paper provides an overview of LPBF-processed tool steels by describing the physical phenomena,the microstructural characteristics,and the mechanical/thermal properties,including tensile properties,wear resistance,and thermal properties.The microstructural characteristics are presented through a multiscale perspective,ranging from densification,meso-structure,microstructure,substructure in grains,to nanoprecipitates.Finally,a summary of tool steels and their challenges and outlooks are introduced.
文摘The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care management.This development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various tools and technology which has completely changed the patient management including abdominal surgery.Surgery for abdominal diseases has moved from maximally invasive to minimally invasive(laparoscopic and robotic)surgery.Some of the newer medicines have its impact on need for surgical intervention.This article focuses on the development of these emerging molecules,tools,and technology and their impact on present surgical form and its future effects on the surgical intervention in gastroenterological diseases.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB1713500)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2023JCYB289)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175112)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.ZYTS23102).
文摘The wear of metal cutting tools will progressively rise as the cutting time goes on. Wearing heavily on the toolwill generate significant noise and vibration, negatively impacting the accuracy of the forming and the surfaceintegrity of the workpiece. Hence, during the cutting process, it is imperative to continually monitor the tool wearstate andpromptly replace anyheavilyworn tools toguarantee thequality of the cutting.The conventional tool wearmonitoring models, which are based on machine learning, are specifically built for the intended cutting conditions.However, these models require retraining when the cutting conditions undergo any changes. This method has noapplication value if the cutting conditions frequently change. This manuscript proposes a method for monitoringtool wear basedonunsuperviseddeep transfer learning. Due to the similarity of the tool wear process under varyingworking conditions, a tool wear recognitionmodel that can adapt to both current and previous working conditionshas been developed by utilizing cutting monitoring data from history. To extract and classify cutting vibrationsignals, the unsupervised deep transfer learning network comprises a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neuralnetwork (CNN) with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). To achieve distribution alignment of deep features throughthe maximum mean discrepancy algorithm, a domain adaptive layer is embedded in the penultimate layer of thenetwork. A platformformonitoring tool wear during endmilling has been constructed. The proposedmethod wasverified through the execution of a full life test of end milling under multiple working conditions with a Cr12MoVsteel workpiece. Our experiments demonstrate that the transfer learning model maintains a classification accuracyof over 80%. In comparisonwith the most advanced tool wearmonitoring methods, the presentedmodel guaranteessuperior performance in the target domains.
文摘Machining is as old as humanity, and changes in temperature in both the machine’s internal and external environments can be of great concern as they affect the machine’s thermal stability and, thus, the machine’s dimensional accuracy. This paper is a continuation of our earlier work, which aimed to analyze the effect of the internal temperature of a machine tool as the machine is put into operation and vary the external temperature, the machine floor temperature. Some experiments are carried out under controlled conditions to study how machine tool components get heated up and how this heating up affects the machine’s accuracy due to thermally induced deviations. Additionally, another angle is added by varying the machine floor temperature. The parameters mentioned above are explored in line with the overall thermal stability of the machine tool and its dimensional accuracy. A Robodrill CNC machine tool is used. The CNC was first soaked with thermal energy by gradually raising the machine floor temperature to a certain level before putting the machine in operation. The machine was monitored, and analytical methods were deplored to evaluate thermal stability. Secondly, the machine was run idle for some time under raised floor temperature before it was put into operation. Data was also collected and analyzed. It is observed that machine thermal stability can be achieved in several ways depending on how the above parameters are joggled. This paper, in conclusion, reinforces the idea of machine tool warm-up process in conjunction with a carefully analyzed and established machine floor temperature variation for the approximation of the machine tool’s thermally stability to map the long-time behavior of the machine tool.
文摘Objective:To review the research progress of peripheral venous access difficulty assessment tools in children and to provide a reference for clinical nurses to select and develop appropriate assessment tools.Methods:Search the literature at home and abroad and summarize and analyze the existing evaluation tools.Results:There is no unified assessment tool about difficult venous access in children at home and abroad.The existing tools include the difficult venous access assessment scale and peripheral venous grading assessment tool.Conclusion:The current assessment tools for venous access difficulties in children have their own limitations,and it is necessary to develop further the assessment tools suitable for the cultural background of children's venous access difficulties.This paper summarized the current progress of research on peripheral venous access difficulty assessment tools.It also analyzed and summarized the shortcomings of existing tools to provide a reference for clinical staff to choose appropriate assessment tools.
文摘The development of digital technology has brought about a substantial evolution in the multimedia field.The use of generative technologies to produce digital multimedia material is one of the newer developments in this field.The“Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory”(DGMTT)is therefore presented in this theoretical postulation by Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem and Eric Msughter Aondover.It discusses and describes the principles behind the development and deployment of generative tools in multimedia creation.The DGMTT offers an all-encompassing structure for comprehending and evaluating the fundamentals and consequences of generative tools in the production of multimedia content.It provides information about the creation and use of these instruments,thereby promoting developments in the digital media industry.These tools create dynamic and interactive multimedia content by utilizing machine learning,artificial intelligence,and algorithms.This theory emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend the fundamental ideas and principles of generative tools in order to use them efficiently when creating digital media content.A wide range of industries,including journalism,advertising,entertainment,education,and the arts,can benefit from the practical use of DGMTT.It gives artists the ability to use generative technologies to create unique and customized multimedia content for its viewers.
文摘In the context of intelligent manufacturing,machine tools,as core equipment,directly influence production efficiency and product quality through their operational reliability.Traditional maintenance methods for machine tools,often characterized by low efficiency and high costs,fail to meet the demands of modern manufacturing industries.Therefore,leveraging intelligent manufacturing technologies,this paper proposes a solution optimized for the diagnosis and maintenance of machine tool faults.Initially,the paper introduces sensor-based data acquisition technologies combined with big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to achieve intelligent fault diagnosis of machine tools.Subsequently,it discusses predictive maintenance strategies by establishing an optimized model for maintenance strategy and resource allocation,thereby enhancing maintenance efficiency and reducing costs.Lastly,the paper explores the architectural design,integration,and testing evaluation methods of intelligent manufacturing systems.The study indicates that optimization of machine tool fault diagnosis and maintenance in an intelligent manufacturing environment not only enhances equipment reliability but also significantly reduces maintenance costs,offering broad application prospects.
文摘Brittle materials are widely used for producing important components in the industry of optics,optoelectronics,and semiconductors.Ultraprecision machining of brittle materials with high surface quality and surface integrity helps improve the functional performance and lifespan of the components.According to their hardness,brittle materials can be roughly divided into hard-brittle and soft-brittle.Although there have been some literature reviews for ultraprecision machining of hard-brittle materials,up to date,very few review papers are available that focus on the processing of soft-brittle materials.Due to the‘soft’and‘brittle’properties,this group of materials has unique machining characteristics.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in ultraprecision machining of soft-brittle materials.Critical aspects of machining mechanisms,such as chip formation,surface topography,and subsurface damage for different machining methods,including diamond turning,micro end milling,ultraprecision grinding,and micro/nano burnishing,are compared in terms of tool-workpiece interaction.The effects of tool geometries on the machining characteristics of soft-brittle materials are systematically analyzed,and dominating factors are sorted out.Problems and challenges in the engineering applications are identified,and solutions/guidelines for future R&D are provided.
文摘In-process damage to a cutting tool degrades the surfacenish of the job shaped by machining and causes a signicantnancial loss.This stimulates the need for Tool Condition Monitoring(TCM)to assist detection of failure before it extends to the worse phase.Machine Learning(ML)based TCM has been extensively explored in the last decade.However,most of the research is now directed toward Deep Learning(DL).The“Deep”formulation,hierarchical compositionality,distributed representation and end-to-end learning of Neural Nets need to be explored to create a generalized TCM framework to perform eciently in a high-noise environment of cross-domain machining.With this motivation,the design of dierent CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)architectures such as AlexNet,ResNet-50,LeNet-5,and VGG-16 is presented in this paper.Real-time spindle vibrations corresponding to healthy and various faulty congurations of milling cutter were acquired.This data was transformed into the time-frequency domain and further processed by proposed architectures in graphical form,i.e.,spectrogram.The model is trained,tested,and validated considering dierent datasets and showcased promising results.
文摘This study explored the concurrent scheduling of machines, tools, and tool transporter(TT) with alternative machines in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system(FMS), taking into mind the tool transfer durations for minimization of the makespan(MSN). When tools are expensive, just a single copy of every tool kind is made available for use in the FMS system. Because the tools are housed in a central tool magazine(CTM), which then distributes and delivers them to many machines, because there is no longer a need to duplicate the tools in each machine, the associated costs are avoided. Choosing alternative machines for job operations(jb-ons), assigning tools to jb-ons, sequencing jb-ons on machines, and arranging allied trip activities, together with the TT’s loaded trip times and deadheading periods, are all challenges that must be overcome to achieve the goal of minimizing MSN. In addition to a mixed nonlinear integer programming(MNLIP) formulation for this simultaneous scheduling problem, this paper suggests a symbiotic organisms search algorithm(SOSA) for the problem’s solution. This algorithm relies on organisms’ symbiotic interaction strategies to keep living in an ecosystem. The findings demonstrate that SOSA is superior to the Jaya algorithm in providing solutions and that using alternative machines for operations helps bring down MSN.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61673123)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2020A151501482)+1 种基金the Science and Technology development fund(FDCT),Macao SAR(0083/2021/A2,0015/2020/AMJ)Research Fund of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology(2020B1212030010)。
文摘As wafer circuit width shrinks down to less than ten nanometers in recent years,stringent quality control in the wafer manufacturing process is increasingly important.Thanks to the coupling of neighboring cluster tools and coordination of multiple robots in a multi-cluster tool,wafer production scheduling becomes rather complicated.After a wafer is processed,due to high-temperature chemical reactions in a chamber,the robot should be controlled to take it out of the processing chamber at the right time.In order to ensure the uniformity of integrated circuits on wafers,it is highly desirable to make the differences in wafer post-processing time among the individual tools in a multicluster tool as small as possible.To achieve this goal,for the first time,this work aims to find an optimal schedule for a dual-arm multi-cluster tool to regulate the wafer post-processing time.To do so,we propose polynomial-time algorithms to find an optimal schedule,which can achieve the highest throughput,and minimize the total post-processing time of the processing steps.We propose a linear program model and another algorithm to balance the differences in the post-processing time between any pair of adjacent cluster tools.Two industrial examples are given to illustrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed method.