A Compact Ultra-Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Vehicular Communications

In this paper,a new compact ultrawideband(UWB)circularly polarized(CP)antenna array for vehicular communications is proposed.The antenna array consists of a 2×2 sequentially rotated T-shaped cross dipole,four parasitic elements,and a feeding network.By loading the T-shaped cross dipoles with parasitic rectangular elements with cut corners,the bandwidth can be expanded.On this basis,the radiation pattern can be improved by the topology with sequential rotation of four T-shaped cross-dipole antennas,and the axial ratio(AR)bandwidth of the antenna also can be further enhanced.In addition,due to the special topology that the vertical arms of all Tshaped cross dipoles are all oriented toward the center of the antenna array,the gain of proposed antenna is improved while the size of the antenna is almost the same as the traditional cross dipole.Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has good CP characteristics,an impedance bandwidth for S11<-10 d B of about 106.1%(3.26:1,1.57-5.12 GHz)and the 3-d B AR bandwidth of about 104.1%(3.17:1,1.57-4.98 GHz),a wide 3-d B gain bandwidth of 73.3%as well as the peak gain of 8.6 d Bic at 3.5 GHz.The overall size of antenna is 0.56λ×0.56λ×0.12λ(λrefers to the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency in free space).The good performance of this compact UWB CP antenna array is promising for applications in vehicular communications.

Triple-Band Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) for Wireless Applications

This paper proposes a new dielectric resonator antenna(DRA)design that can generate circularly polarized(CP)triple-band signals.Atripleband CP DRA antenna fed by a probe feed system is achieved with metal strips structure on side of DRA structure.The design start with conventional rectangular DRA with F shaped metal strips on DRA structure alongside the feed.Then,the F metal strip is enhanced by extending the length of the metal strip to obtain wider impedance bandwidth.Further improvement on the antenna performance is observed by improvised the conventional DRA structure.The method of removing part of DRA bottom resulted to higher antenna gain with triple band CP.The primary features of the proposed DRA include wide impedance matching bandwidth(BW)and broadband circular polarization(CP).The primary features of the proposedDRAinclude wide impedance matching bandwidth(BW)and broadband circular polarization(CP).The CP BW values recorded by the proposed antenna were∼11.27%(3.3–3.65 GHz),12.18%(4.17–4.69 GHz),and 1.74%(6.44–6.55 GHz)for impedance-matching BW values of 35.4%(3.3–4.69 GHz),1.74%(5.36–5.44 GHz),and 1.85%(6.41–6.55 GHz)with peak gains of 6.8 dBic,7.6 dBic,and 8.5 dBic,respectively,in the lower,central,and upper bands.The prototype of the proposed antenna geometry was fabricated and measured.A good agreement was noted between the simulated and the measured results.

High gain and circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide cavity antenna array based on metasurface

Two substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) cavity antenna arrays based on metasurface are proposed in this paper. By rotating the metasurface element, circularly polarized and high gain antennas are achieved respectively. Firstly, multi-mode resonance theory is employed to broaden the bandwidth of the slot antenna. And then, an SIW cavity composed of 4×4 cornercut elements is added on the top of the slot antenna to achieve the circular polarization and improve the front-to-back ratio. Thirdly, the metasurface elements are sequentially rotated and a high gain antenna with 2-dBi enhancement on average in the operation band is obtained. Based on the two antenna units, two 2×2 antenna arrays are designed. The circularly polarized and high gain antenna arrays are both fabricated to verify the correctness. Furthermore, the novel wideband phase shifter is employed in the circularly polarized antenna to obtain an operating bandwidth of 38%(4.05 GHz–5.95 GHz)and AR bandwidth of 24.9%(4.4 GHz–5.65 GHz). The bandwidth of the high gain antenna can reach 42.7%(3.95 GHz–6.1 GHz) and with the gain enhancement of 2 dBi compared with that of the circularly polarized antenna. The gain remains steady in most of operating band within a variation of 1 dBi. It is remarkable that the rotating of the metasurface element has a great influence on the antenna performance, which provides a new explication for the multi-function antenna design.

A Review of Wideband Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antennas

This article presents a technical review of circularly polarized(CP) dielectric resonator antennas(DRA) for wideband applications.The primary objective of this review is,to highlight the techniques used by different researchers for generating circular polarization in DRA.First,a general idea of circular polarization and it advantages over linear polarization is presented,and then all the major developments made in the CP DRA are highlighted.The emphasis of the paper is on the wideband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna.The current state of the art and all the realizable features of the CP DRA are addressed comprehensively.Finally,some recommendations for future CP DRAs are given and the paper ends with concluding remarks.

A multi-frequency circularly polarized metasurface antenna array based on quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide for sub-6 applications

A miniaturized multi-frequency circularly polarized array is designed in this paper.The antenna array is composed of three independent sub-arrays employing modified quarter-mode substrate ntegrated aveguide(QMSIW)to achieve three circularly polarized frequency bands.By introducing strip-slot,the impedance bandwidth of the antenna array is broadened while the dimension is decreased by 75%to realize miniaturization.Meanwhile,metasurface causes the impedance bandwidth of the sub-array to be further enhanced.Moreover,the metal vias are employed in the antenna array design to further achieve miniaturization.The antenna array is manufactured and measured to verify the design.Both the measured and simulated results display that the array achieves the impedance bandwidths of 10%,11.7%,and 14.8%and axial ratio bandwidths of 8.8%,8.0%,and 8.5%at 2.5,3.5,and 4.8 GHz,respectively.The gain is stable in the operating band within an uncertainty of 0.7 d Bi.The whole dimension is 0.92λ×0.63λ×0.04λ,whereλ_(0) is the wavelength at the lowest resonant frequency.Furthermore,the simple structure and miniaturization provides great convenience in sub-6 applications.

A Compact Flexible Circularly Polarized Implantable Antenna for Biotelemetry Applications

With the help of in-body antennas,the wireless communication among the implantable medical devices(IMDs)and exterior monitoring equipment,the telemetry system has brought us many benefits.Thus,a very thin-profile circularly polarized(CP)in-body antenna,functioning in ISM band at 2.45 GHz,is proposed.A tapered coplanar waveguide(CPW)method is used to excite the antenna.The radiator contains a pentagonal shape with five horizontal slits inside to obtain a circular polarization behavior.A bendable Roger Duroid RT5880 material(εr=2.2,tanδ=0.0009)with a typical 0.25 mm-thickness is used as a substrate.The proposed antenna has a total volume of 21×13×0.25 mm3.The antenna covers up a bandwidth of 2.38 to 2.53 GHz(150 MHz)in vacuum,while in skin tissue it covers 1.56 to 2.72 GHz(1.16 GHz)and in the muscle tissue covers 2.16 to 3.17 GHz(1.01 GHz).GHz).The flexion analysis in the x and y axes was also performed in simulation as the proposed antenna works with a wider bandwidth in the skin and muscle tissue.The simulation and the curved antenna measurements turned out to be in good agreement.The impedance bandwidth of−10 dB and the axis ratio bandwidth of 3 dB(AR)are measured on the skin and imitative gel of the pig at 27.78%and 35.5%,13.5%and 4.9%,respectively,at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.The simulations revealed that the specific absorption rate(SAR)in the skin is 0.634 and 0.914 W/kg in muscle on 1g-tissue.The recommended SAR values are below the limits set by the federal communications commission(FCC).Finally,the proposed low-profile implantable antenna has achieved very compact size,flexibility,lower SAR values,high gain,higher impedance and axis ratio bandwidths in the skin and muscle tissues of the human body.This antenna is smaller in size and a good applicant for application in medical implants.

Improved Measurement Method of Circularly-Polarized Antennas Based on Linear-Component Amplitudes

An improved measurement method of circularly-polarized (CP) antennas based on linear-component amplitudes is proposed in this paper. By utilizing two sets of orthogonal linear polarization (LP) amplitudes, measurement on axial ratio (AR) of CP antennas can be realized without phase information. However, the rotation sense of the co-polarization cannot be determined due to the absence of the phase information. Above problem is discussed here for the first time, and a solution is presented to determine the rotation sense of the co-polarization by using common auxiliary CP antennas. In addition, there will be some particular cases with large errors in actual measurement. Here a corresponding solution method is given. Finally, co-polarization and cross-polarization patterns can be further obtained from AR results. To verify this improved method, a self-developed CP microstrip array was measured. The measured results are in agreement with the simulated results, which prove this method is correct, effective and practical.

平面端射圆极化天线进展综述

全面总结了平面端射圆极化天线的发展历程和重要突破。以正交磁偶极子和平面互补振子两大核心工作原理为主线,深入剖析平面端射圆极化天线的一般性设计方法,阐明其形态演变规律,详细介绍了平面端射圆极化天线的宽带设计技术、波束调控技术以及高增益设计技术等研究现状,最后探讨平面端射圆极化天线的可能发展方向,用于指导该领域的科学研究和工程设计。

一种新型双频双圆极化复合微带天线设计

针对空间微波能量收集的应用场景,提出了一种微带线行波激励的双端口双频双圆极化复合微带天线。该天线由一个工作在低频段的微带圆环和一个工作在高频段的微带圆片复合而成,分别由两种不同的正交十字缝隙耦合馈电,采用微带线级联依次相差90°顺序旋转四馈电实现圆极化,通过对称性结构设计,分别从两个不同端口输入获得双圆极化性能。实验结果表明:在880~960 MHz和1.85~2.45 GHz频带内S11<−10 dB,阻抗相对带宽分别为8.7%和30%;在885~920 MHz和1.86~2.43 GHz频带内轴比小于3 dB,圆极化相对带宽分别为4%和29%;天线的方向性在工作频段内良好,在低频段增益达到5.4 dB,在高频段增益达到7.7 dB。该天线结构紧凑且加工简单,为双端口双频双圆极化天线的研究与设计提供了新思路。

一种用于射频识别阅读器的双频宽带圆极化天线

该文设计了一种紧凑的用作射频识别(RFID)阅读器的双频宽带圆极化天线。天线由弯折处理的矩形贴片、L形贴片和三角形地板构成,通过微带线进行馈电。两个辐射贴片分别独立控制高低两个频段,其轴比带宽也可独立调整,三角形地板可以使横向电流和纵向电流发生变化,从而改变横向电流和纵向电流的比值大小,实现圆极化性能。天线尺寸为0.92λ_(0)×0.92λ_(0)×0.0064λ_(0)(λ_(0)为2.40 GHz时的自由空间波长)。测试结果表明在超高频(UHF)频段该天线实现了49%(0.77~1.27 GHz)的阻抗带宽和46%(0.84~1.34 GHz)的轴比带宽,在无线局域网(WLAN)频段实现了47.5%(1.54~2.50 GHz)的阻抗带宽和24.2%(1.96~2.50 GHz)的轴比带宽,可以完整覆盖UHF和WLAN两个频段,具有良好的辐射特性。与其他双频圆极化天线相比,该天线整体结构紧凑、设计简单、避免了使用复杂的馈电网络,且具有较宽的3 dB轴比带宽。

有限大接地板对圆极化微带贴片天线等化波束宽度影响的研究

基于数值仿真和实验测量,研究了接地板尺寸对微带贴片天线圆极化等幅条件的影响规律。结果表明:当接地板尺寸变化时,铅垂极化分量幅度(|E_(θ)|)和水平极化分量幅度(|E_(φ)|)受到地板尺寸变化的敏感度和规律不同,从而影响了圆极化天线主波束范围内保持其幅值相等的条件。最终推得接地板尺寸在0.6~1.0波长范围内,铅垂、水平极化分量保持等幅条件(按幅度差不大于3dB计)的“等化波束宽度”经验公式,为可穿戴圆极化贴片天线的波束宽度调控及选择提供理论依据。

一种新型的低剖面定向宽带圆极化天线设计

针对低剖面定向圆极化天线结构复杂、带宽较窄等问题,设计了一款基于类同轴波导的紧凑型宽带定向圆极化天线。该天线于波导上表面印制螺旋缝隙,波导内端口处使用同轴接口馈电。天线端口反射系数性能可通过合理地调节波导内外导体尺寸进行优化,避免了馈电网络的使用,天线结构得到简化。另外,天线无需借助反射地板可直接实现定向辐射性能,使剖面尺寸降低至0.1λ(λ为自由空间中最低频点波长),并由于同轴波导的宽带通性实现57%(2.7~4.85 GHz)的有效带宽。运用介质集成波导技术制作该结构天线,并进行仿真和测试,两者结果吻合良好,证明此种设计方法的有效性。与其他定向圆极化天线相比,该天线整体结构紧凑、设计简单、避免了复杂的馈电网络,且具有较宽的有效带宽。

一种新型CPW馈电宽带圆极化缝隙天线

设计了一种新型的CPW馈电宽带圆极化缝隙天线,圆形槽天线与共面波导馈电在介质板的同面上。通过在两个圆形槽的中间开一个纵向插槽,调整槽之间的相对位置和各自的几何参数,可以得到一个由两个正交九十度相位差的电场激发的圆极化波。最终仿真结果表明该天线在频带1.0GHz到1.8GHz满足反射系数小于-10dB、轴比小于3dB,相对带宽达到57%,工作频带覆盖了GPS等卫星导航系统。该天线具有十分紧凑的平面结构,结构简单,容易加工,便于实验调试,具有广阔的应用前景。

一种高性能功率放大器-圆极化天线的一体化设计

本文设计了一种具有圆极化辐射特性的高性能功率放大器-天线一体化电路。通过直接优化圆极化天线的输入阻抗,使之与消除输出匹配网络的功放电路直接集成。这种无缝集成方式不仅有效减少了插入和失配损耗以及整体电路尺寸,而且提高了整体的性能。采用的圆极化天线由矩形贴片和改进的地平面组成,通过在地平面上增加垂直短截线和切割水平缝隙,增强了天线的3 dB轴比带宽。为了验证,设计、制造和测量了工作在3.4 GHz~3.6 GHz的一体化电路原型。实验结果显示,功放-圆极化天线一体化电路在工作频带内的功率附加效率(PAE)超过60%,且3 dB轴比带宽达到320 MHz(相对于3500 MHz的中心频率为9.1%)。相较于传统的级联设计,PAE提高了8.5%,3 dB轴比带宽也得以改善。

一种Ka频段圆极化宽波束天线设计

文章针对常规频段越来越拥挤的频谱问题,突破思维定式,超越常规频段,设计了一种Ka频段圆极化宽波束天线。该天线主体辐射结构为单馈点圆极化方形贴片微带天线,并通过金属腔体扩展辐射波束。对天线的电性能进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明:天线在29.5CHz~30.5CHz范围内电压驻波比小于2,在典型频点值30GHz下辐射右旋圆极化波,可以提高天线的抗干扰能力和接收信号的能力,天线的3dB波束宽度大于等于130°,是常规天线3dB波束宽度的两倍,可以在极广空域内辐射接收能量。

一种CPS馈电的宽带圆极化双菱环天线

提出了一种新型的双菱环形天线,通过在双菱环内添加寄生环来提高天线的圆极化带宽,每个环上槽口的位置决定天线的圆极化特性。双菱环和寄生双菱环分别在低频和高频处产生圆极化波,从而使天线的圆极化带宽增加,3 dB圆极化带宽达到了24.1%,在圆极化频带内增益为10 dB以上。为了测量天线性能,设计了共面带状线到微带线的转换巴伦,因为巴伦和天线在同一个平面内,所以对天线的性能产生了一点影响。

基于槽线的圆极化漏波天线研究

本文基于槽线结构提出了一种具有前后向扫描能力的圆极化漏波天线.每个漏波单元由槽线及两根条带上加载的4个短路槽组成.每个短路槽的长度是侧射频率对应的半个导波波长,以实现前后向连续的波束扫描特性.通过设计每个短路槽的加载位置以及与传播方向的夹角,实现了漏波天线的圆极化特性.为了验证所设计的圆极化漏波天线的有效性,本文设计并加工了一款侧射频率为10 GHz的天线原型.仿真和测量结果都表明,该天线具有良好的圆极化特性和波束扫描能力.在9~11 GHz的频率范围内,该天线在上半空间为左旋圆极化,实现了-27°~+25°的扫描范围,增益变化为7.0~10.9 dBic;对称地,该天线在下半空间为右旋圆极化,实现了-153°~±180°~+155°的扫描范围,增益变化为8.4~12.3 dBic.与同类型的天线相比,本文提出的圆极化漏波天线具有更简单的单平面结构,且所采用的短路槽设计,实现了较低的通带内传输系数.

基于非均匀超表面的带宽和增益改善型缝隙天线设计

针对贴片天线普遍存在带宽及增益性能不足的问题,提出了一种通过非均匀超表面实现的带宽和增益改善型天线.首先,采用带有切角的缝隙贴片作为初始天线;然后,为进一步增强辐射特性,围绕初始天线周围排列了方形切角贴片,以此形成非均匀超表面.仿真结果表明,与初始天线相比,额外产生了两个谐振频率,导致反射系数S11带宽范围达到4.4~6.6 GHz.此外,轴比值突破了3 dB线,3 dB轴比带宽范围为4.7~5.7 GHz,增益平均提高了3 dB,峰值增益达到11.3 dBic;在5.05GHz处的辐射方向图表现出低于25 dB的低交叉极化.

宽带双圆极化天线阵列

本文设计了一种覆盖K波段的宽带双圆极化天线阵列。天线的辐射单元采用隔板极化器的形式,实现较好的双圆极化性能,工作带宽较宽且结构简单。馈电部分采用方形同轴线的形式,使得整个馈电网络结构紧凑,大大提高了天线的效率和空间利用率。仿真结果表明,在所需的15 GHz-25 GHz频段内|S_(11)|和|S_(22)|均小于-13 dB,轴比小于3 dB,增益大于15 dBic,xoz面和yoz面的副瓣电平分别优于-12.5 dB和-12.5 dB,方向图稳定。所设计的天线阵列结构紧凑,易于加工,在卫星通信应用中具有良好的前景。

加载腔体的高增益宽带圆极化交叉偶极子天线设计

设计了一种加载腔体的高增益宽带圆极化交叉偶极子天线,该天线印刷在方形电路板上下两侧,偶极子天线被设计成顺序旋转的L形辐射贴片,并在方形介质基板中心位置设计一条用于阻抗匹配的圆环线,从而实现良好的圆极化性能。通过改变地板反射器的传统尺寸以及在四周加载金属腔体,圆极化性能整体得到了较大提升。通过Ansys HFSS电磁仿真软件进行仿真,结果表明:电压驻波比(voltage standing wave ratio,VSWR)<2的阻抗带宽为57.03%(1.78~3.20 GHz),3 dB轴比带宽为31.66%(2.18~3.00GHz),在工作带宽内的平均右旋圆极化峰值增益为10.79dBic。