Compatibility Rules of Prescriptions of Tibetan Medicine Polygonatum cirrhifolium Based on Data Mining

[Objectives]To study the prescription compatibility rules of the Tibetan medicine Polygonatum cirrhifolium(Polygonati Rhizoma,Huangjing)based on data mining,so as to provide data support for clinical application and new drug development.[Methods]Prescriptions containing Tibetan medicine Huangjing were collected from Tibetan Medicine Prescriptions Encyclopedia and Tibetan Medicine Classic Literature Collection.The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing System(TCMICS 3.0)and R version 4.1.3 were used to mine and analyze the compatibility rules of prescriptions containing Tibetan medicinal material Huangjing,the rules of medication for high-frequency diseases,and the association rules of various medicinal materials.[Results]A total of 124 prescriptions were collected from the classic literature of Tibetan medicine,and the frequency statistical analysis showed that drugs compatible with Huangjing(≥15)included Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus)(80),Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl(Himalayan purple jasmine)(72),Jili(Tribuli Fructus)(70),Tibetan Aoruqin(Vicatia coniifolia)(58),Baidoukou(Round Cardamom Fruit)(47),Hezi(Chebulae Fructus)(45),Shouzhangshen(Rhizome of Conic Gymnadenia)(28),Yuganzi(Phyllanthi Fructus)(26),Pomegranate(25),Maohezi(Terminaliae Belliricae Fructus)(24),Zicaorong(Lacca)(23),Rougui(Cinnamomi Cortex)(15).The main diseases were yellow water disease(20),gynecological diseases(19),kidney cold disease(17),and other Tibetan medicine diseases.Association rule analysis showed that the drug combinations with the highest frequency were Huangjing—Tianmendong,Huangjing—Himalayan purple jasmine,and Huangjing—Jili.[Conclusions]The frequency of combined use of Tibetan medicine Huangjing with dry yellow water,tonifying kidney and diuresis,nourishing health,and treating gynecological diseases is relatively high.

Resource Characteristics and Sustainable Utilization Countermeasures of Polygonatum cirrhifolium , a Rare and Endangered Tibetan Medicinal Plant of Tibet Plateau

Polygonatum cirrhifolium is a rare and endangered Tibetan medicinal plant. In this paper,resource status of P. cirrhifolium from 13 counties of Tibet Plateau was investigated by combining field investigation with laboratory analysis,and sustainable utilization countermeasures were analyzed. Results showed that( 1) distribution area sequence of P. cirrhifolium in each county was Gongbo'gvamda County > Chayu County > Lang County > Milin County > Maizhokunggar County > Zuogong County > Mangkang County > Jiali County > Dingqing County > Duilongdeqing County > Baqing County = Suo County = Nimu County. Its total distribution area was 458 723. 81 hm2,and it was not distributed in Baqing County,Nimu County and Suo County.( 2) Average dry weight per plant of P. cirrhifolium medicinal part in each county had the bellow sequence: Duilongdeqing County > Gongbo'gvamda County > Maizhokunggar County > Zuogong County > Dingqing County > Lang County > Mangkang County > Milin County > Jiali County > Chayu County > Baqing County = Nimu County = Suo County,and it reached 46. 48 g/plant in Duilongdeqing County.(3) Biomass of P. cirrhifolium medicinal part in each county had the bellow sequence: Duilongdeqing County > Gongbo'gvamda County > Maizhokunggar County > Lang County > Dingqing County > Zuogong County > Jiali County > Mangkang County > Milin County >Chayu County > Nimu County = Suo County = Baqing County,and it reached 300. 52 kg/hm2 in Duilongdeqing County.(4) Reserve amount sequence of P. cirrhifolium in each county was Gongbo'gvamda County > Lang County > Maizhokunggar County > Chayu County > Zuogong County > Dingqing County > Milin County > Jiali County > Mangkang County > Duilongdeqing County > Baqing County = Nimu County = Suo County,and total reserve amount was 42 293. 96 t.(5) At medicinal function aspect,P. cirrhifolium is sweet,and has the effects of keeping fit,nourishing vitality,regenerating teeth and delaying senility.(6) For resource status of P. cirrhifolium,it is suggested establishing resource protection region and constructing germplasm resource bank; establishing plantation park and perfecting cultivation and planting techniques; deeply processing and extending industry chain of Tibetan medicine; updating concept and rationally developing and using.

基于数据挖掘分析含藏药黄精方剂的配伍规律

目的:通过数据挖掘的方法研究藏药材黄精的配伍规律,为提高临床疗效和药材开发新组方提供数据支撑。方法:从《藏药方剂大全》和《藏医药经典文献集成》中收集含藏药黄精的方剂,应用中医传承辅助平台(3.0)和R version 4.1.3进行挖掘和分析含藏药材黄精的方剂配伍规律和高频主治疾病用药规律及各味药材的关联规则。结果:从藏医药经典文献中共收集出124首方剂,频次统计分析得出与黄精配伍(≥15)的有天门冬(80)、喜马拉雅紫茉莉(72)、蒺藜(70)、西藏凹乳芹(58)、白豆蔻(47)、诃子(45)、手掌参(28)、余甘子(26)、石榴(25)、毛诃子(24)、紫草茸(23)、肉桂(15)等,主治疾病为黄水病(20)、妇科病(19)、肾脏寒病(17)等藏医病种。关联规则分析得出频数靠前的药物组合为黄精-天门冬、黄精-喜马拉雅紫茉莉、黄精-蒺藜。结论:藏药黄精与干黄水、补肾利尿、滋补养生、治妇科病类药物联合使用的频数均较高。

西藏野生卷叶黄精多酚的提取及其抗氧化活性分析

以西藏野生卷叶黄精为原料,用乙醇提取其中的多酚类物质,通过单因素试验和正交试验,探讨提取温度、料液比、乙醇溶液体积分数和提取时间对多酚提取效果的影响并确定最佳提取工艺。利用DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基活性检测法,研究其抗氧化活性。结果表明:提取温度70℃、料液比1∶25(g/m L)、乙醇溶液体积分数70%、提取时间2.5 h时,多酚提取量最大,达到19.8?mg/g;以VC为对照,在最优工艺条件下测定多酚提取物清除能力,多酚提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,是一种极具潜力的天然抗氧化剂。

卷叶黄精根中甾体皂苷化学成分及其抗菌活性

利用硅胶、RP-18和Sephadex LH-20等色谱分离手段从卷叶黄精根茎的正丁醇萃取物(总甾体皂苷R)中分离得到2个甾体皂苷化合物,通过理化性质、波谱分析及与文献值对照,鉴定化合物Ⅰ为(25R)-spirost-5-ene-3β-ol-3-O-α-L-rham-nopyranosy(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside,化合物Ⅱ为(25R)-spirost-5-ene-3β-ol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside。将化合物Ⅰ进行双相酸水解得到其苷元(化合物Ⅲ),鉴定为薯蓣皂苷元。对总甾体皂苷R、化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ及Ⅲ的抗菌活性进行测定,结果表明:总甾体皂苷R、化合物Ⅰ及Ⅱ对植物病原菌的抑制效果均比对细菌的抑制效果明显,而化合物Ⅲ对细菌的抑制效果均比对植物病原菌强。

卷叶黄精总皂苷含量测定方法及提取工艺研究

对分布于秦岭的卷叶黄精（Ploygonatum cirrhifolium）总皂苷含量测定方法及提取工艺进行了研究，结果表明，①黄精总皂苷含量测定采用香草醛-高氯酸比色法，在波长545nm有最大吸收峰，在1．25-7．5μg·mL^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。卷叶黄精总皂苷测定重现性较好，变异系数（RSD）为4．05%，平均回收率为96．40％，但测定工作要在30min内完成。②各因素对卷叶黄精总皂苷的提取率影响不同，影响最大的是温度，其次是料液比和时间。最佳提取工艺为，在温度60℃下，用80％乙醇提取2次，每次提取时间为1．5h，料液比为1：15。

卷叶黄精根不同极性化感物质的化感作用

With Polygonatum cirrhifolium root as the donator, the wheat, cucumber and carrot as receiver plant, the potential allelopathic effects of petroleum extracts, acetic ether extracts, n-butanol extracts and aqueous extracts from donator on the seed germination and seedling growth of three receiver plants were studied by culture plate and filter-paper. The results showed that every extracts had different allelopathic effection on different receiver plant or on different position of same receiver plant. The allelopathy intensity were related to the concentration and strengthen along with the concentration raise. The different receiver plant had distinct sensitive to the the allelopathic effect, cucumber was more sensitive than carrot and wheat. Every extracts had inhibition against seed germination and seedling growth, but inhibited root growth at high concentration and stimulated it at low concentration. In a word, every extracts had more impact on the seedling growth, however, had weak inhibition against seed germination. The average allelopathic effection of acetic ether extracts was more stronger, then n-butanol extracts, aqueous extracts and petroleum extracts. The acetic ether extracts had extremely strong inhibition on the growth of seedling and root, and n-butanol extracts on the seed germination also, which implied the Polygonatum cirrhifolium contained the allelochemicals with high polarity. In rhizosphere soil of P. cirrhifolium , the root and seedlings growth of wheat was stimulated, while cucumber and carrot was inhibited.

卷叶黄精根提取物的抗菌活性初步研究

本文对秦岭卷叶黄精(P loygonatum cirrh ifolium)不同部位的化学成分和根提取物抗菌活性进行了初步研究,结果如下:①其根、茎、叶中均含有三萜皂苷、甾体皂苷、黄酮类、蒽醌及其苷、香豆素类、糖、有机酸、挥发油、油脂、高级脂肪酸和粘液质化合物。此外,根中还含有蛋白质、氨基酸、多元酚类,茎和叶中含有内酯类化合物。②其根各溶剂萃取物中,正丁醇萃取物的抗菌活性最强,乙酸乙酯萃取物次之,其它萃取物则无明显的抗菌活性。③在所选18种菌种中,萃取物对病原菌真菌和细菌生长的抑制程度远大于霉菌。

卷叶黄精根茎的化学成分及抗菌活性研究

利用硅胶、RP-18和SephadexLH-20等色谱分离手段从卷叶黄精的根茎中分离得到7个化合物,通过理化性质和光谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构分别为：（25R）-spirost-5-ene-3β-ol-3-O-α-L-rham-nopyranosy（1→2）[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1→4）]-β-D-glucopyranoside（Ⅰ）、（25R）-spirost-5-ene-3β-ol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1→4）-β-D-glucopyranoside（Ⅱ）、胡罗卜苷（Ⅲ）、β-谷甾醇（Ⅳ）、19碳烯脂肪酸（Ⅴ）、18碳烯脂肪酸（Ⅵ）及1个无机物（Ⅶ）,化合物Ⅰ-Ⅶ均为首次从该种植物中得到;采用菌丝生长速率法测定了化合物Ⅰ-Ⅵ的抗真菌活性.结果表明,化合物Ⅰ-Ⅲ对玉米大斑病原菌和杨树溃疡病原菌的抑菌效果比较明显,化合物Ⅳ~Ⅵ对棉黄萎病原菌有一定的抑制作用.

卷叶黄精多糖提取分离工艺研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验对秦岭卷叶黄精(P loygonatum cirrh ifolium)多糖的水提取工艺和醇沉分离工艺进行了研究。结果表明:(1)各因素对卷叶黄精多糖的提取率影响是不均等的,影响程度依次为温度>料液比>提取时间。最佳提取工艺为:在温度80℃下,水提取2次,每次2 h,料液比为1∶25。(2)各因素对醇沉分离效果的影响程度依次为乙醇浓度>提取液浓缩程度>pH值。醇沉分离工艺为:醇沉时乙醇体积分数为80%,药液浓缩至1 mL.-g 1,pH为6。

ISSR法鉴定中药黄精与卷叶黄精

目的:鉴别中药黄精和卷叶黄精,探索中药鉴别的新方法。方法:从原植物鉴定、显微鉴定和ISSR分析等方面着手。对随机引物进行筛选,选出两个引物,对样品进行PCR扩增,用电泳分离产物。结果:通过引物(AC)8T,(AG)8T等经PCR扩增产生足够的多态性谱带用于分析。结论:ISSR技术可应用于黄精和卷叶黄精的区分。

林芝地区珍稀濒危藏药材卷叶黄精资源特征研究

卷叶黄精是百合科黄精属多年生濒危藏药材草本植物。本研究采用标准样地法对林芝地区(墨脱县外)11个地点的卷叶黄精资源进行实地调查,结果表明:(1)不同地点卷叶黄精全株平均生物量的排序为,工布江达金达>朗县洞嘎>波密古玉>波密扎木>朗县金东>察隅南山>米林扎贡>林芝通麦>波密巴卡>波密岗乡>波密中坝,其中地下部分生物量与全株生物量的相关性紧密。(2)卷叶黄精生物量总体上随海拔升高呈先增后减再增的趋势,即呈双峰型,但地上部分与地下部分的比值随海拔升高呈现出无规则型变化。(3)林芝地区各县卷叶黄精蕴藏量的排序是,工布江达县>朗县>米林县>波密县>察隅县>林芝县,蕴藏量最多的工布江达县为633.154 t,占总量的55.834%,最少的林芝县为42.859 t,仅占总量的3.779%。(4)林芝地区卷叶黄精资源具有分布广泛但不均匀的特点。

卷叶黄精多糖精制工艺的研究

对卷叶黄精(Polygonatum cirrhifolium)多糖的醇沉分离、脱蛋白和脱色素工艺进行了研究。以多糖得率、多糖含量、蛋白质去除率、脱色率为考察指标,确定出了最佳精制工艺:①各因素对醇沉分离效果的影响程度依次为乙醇浓度>提取液浓缩程度>pH值。醇沉分离工艺为:醇沉时乙醇体积分数为80%,药液浓缩至1mL/g原料,pH值为6。②所采用的6种脱蛋白方法均对卷叶黄精多糖的蛋白质去除率影响差异显著,对多糖含量影响无显著性差异。最佳脱蛋白工艺为:采用1倍糖液体积的TCA(浓度为10%)与1/5糖液体积的Sevag试剂(氯仿:正丁醇为4:1v/v)脱蛋白,蛋白质去除率和多糖含量分别为84.11%、86.42%。③对树脂、活性炭、H_2O_2 3种脱色方法进行了比较研究,确定了最佳脱色工艺:采用LSD208树脂脱色,脱色率、多糖含量、多糖得率分别达88.19%、92.32%、64.16%。

卷叶黄精根水提物理化特性及其功能饮品开发探讨

研究采用热回流水提方法,提取西藏药用植物卷叶黄精(Polygonatum cirrhifolium)的根部水提物,对其进行功能食品开发的初步研究。结果显示,西藏卷叶黄精根水提取物酸甜可口适合开发功能饮品,其微生物指标和理化指标均符合国家相关标准。实验随机抽取80名学生对卷叶黄精根水提物饮料的组织外观、风味、酸甜度、口感和后味等指标进行了评分。结果表明组织外观、风味和口感得到了较高的分数,而甜酸度和后味还有待改进。

西藏卷叶黄精根水提物功能食品开发初探

黄精属于百合科植物,其块根内含有大量的淀粉、糖类和多种微量元素,具有清热解毒的药用功能。采用热回流水提方法提取卷叶黄精的根部水提物,对其进行功能食品开发研究;采用喷雾干燥法制作黄精水提物干粉,探讨黄精干粉在食品添加剂方面的用途。结果显示,西藏卷叶黄精根水提物中微生物指标和理化标准均符合国家标准,适合开发成风味饮品;黄精干粉可以作为食品添加剂添加到食品中,有很广阔的应用前景。

藏产卷叶黄精和轮叶黄精的红外光谱鉴别

本研究旨在利用红外光谱技术分析藏产卷叶黄精和轮叶黄精的红外光谱特征,快速鉴别两种黄精药材。采用傅里叶红外变换光谱法和OMNIC 8.0软件对两种黄精进行光谱特征研究。结果表明卷叶黄精和轮叶黄精红外光谱基本相似,但卷叶黄精和轮叶黄精在1241 cm^(-1)和1260 cm^(-1)与1053 cm^(-1)和1033 cm^(-1)处都有吸收峰,其峰强、峰形和峰位具有明显区别;二阶导数图谱中其差异更加明显,1300~400 cm^(-1)指纹区内卷叶黄精吸收峰个数少于轮叶黄精,且在1154 cm^(-1)处C-O伸缩振动特征吸收峰,1092 cm^(-1)、1044cm^(-1)附近的醇羟基变角振动特征吸收峰,479 cm^(-1)处CCO变形振动特征吸收峰的峰形与峰强差异明显,能够完全将两者区分开来。结果说明利用傅里叶变换红外谱光可以快速、准确地对两种黄精进行鉴别。