Ultra‑Efficient and Cost‑Effective Platinum Nanomembrane Electrocatalyst for Sustainable Hydrogen Production

Hydrogen production through hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a promising solution to combat climate change by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources.However,the widespread adoption of efficient electrocatalysts,such as platinum(Pt),has been hindered by their high cost.In this study,we developed an easy-to-implement method to create ultrathin Pt nanomembranes,which catalyze HER at a cost significantly lower than commercial Pt/C and comparable to non-noble metal electrocatalysts.These Pt nanomembranes consist of highly distorted Pt nanocrystals and exhibit a heterogeneous elastic strain field,a characteristic rarely seen in conventional crystals.This unique feature results in significantly higher electrocatalytic efficiency than various forms of Pt electrocatalysts,including Pt/C,Pt foils,and numerous Pt singleatom or single-cluster catalysts.Our research offers a promising approach to develop highly efficient and cost-effective low-dimensional electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production,potentially addressing the challenges posed by the climate crisis.

Antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates for targeted treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are a new type of targeting antibodies that conjugate with highly toxic anticancer drugs via chemical linkers to exert high specificity and efficient killing of tumor cells,thereby attracting considerable attention in precise oncology therapy.Cetuximab(Cet)is a typical antibody that offers the benefits of good targeting and safety for individuals with advanced and inoperable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC);however,its anti-tumor activity is limited to a single use.Cisplatin(CisPt)shows good curative effects;however,its adverse effects and non-tumor-targeting ability are major drawbacks.In this study,we designed and developed a new ADC based on a new cytotoxic platinum(IV)prodrug(C8Pt(IV))and Cet.The so-called antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates,named Cet-C8Pt(IV),showed excellent tumor targeting in cSCC.Specifically,it accurately delivered C8Pt(IV)into tumor cells to exert the combined anti-tumor effect of Cet and CisPt.Herein,metabolomic analysis showed that Cet-C8Pt(IV)promoted cellular apoptosis and increased DNA damage in cSCC cells by affecting the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway in tumor cells,thereby further enhancing the tumor-killing ability and providing a new strategy for clinical cancer treatment using antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates.

Axial Local Lifetime Control in High-Voltage Diodes Based on Proximity Gettering of Platinum by Proton-Implantation Damages

A new lifetime control technique-localized platinum lifetime control （LPLC） is introduced. Silicon samples are implanted with 550keV protons at dosages from 1 × 10^13 to 5 × 10^14 cm^-2. Subsequently, platinum diffusion in silicon is performed at 700 or 750℃ for 15 or 30min,respectively. Then the in-diffused platinum into damaged regions of the proton-implanted silicon is investigated by use of deep-level transient spectroscopy （DLTS）. Finally, for all of the LPLC samples, the distribution of the in-diffused substitutional platinum agrees well with the damage distribution resulting from the low-dosage proton implantation. Also, the diodes show a very low leakage current even at elevated temperatures while keeping the major advantages of ion irradiation devices, including low turn-off loss and soft recovery.

Highly mass activity electrocatalysts with ultralow Pt loading on carbon black for hydrogen evolution reaction

Pt-based nanocatalysts offer excellent prospects for various industries.However,the low loading of Pt with excellent performance for efficient and stable nanocatalysts still presents a considerable challenge.In this study,nanocatalysts with ultralow Pt content,excellent performance,and carbon black as support were prepared through in-situ synthesis.These~2-nm particles uniformly and stably dispersed on carbon black because of the strong s-p-d orbital hybridizations between carbon black and Pt,which suppressed the agglomeration of Pt ions.This unique structure is beneficial for the hydrogen evolution reaction.The catalysts exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction,exhibiting a potential of 100 mV at 100 mA·cm^(-2),which is comparable to those of commercial Pt/C catalysts.Mass activity(1.61 A/mg)was four times that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst(0.37 A/mg).The ultralow Pt loading(6.84wt%)paves the way for the development of next-generation electrocatalysts.

Effects of hierarchical structure on the performance of tin oxide-supported platinum catalyst for room-temperature formaldehyde oxidation

Flower-like tin oxide-supported platinum（Pt/SnOx） with a hierarchical structure was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,high resolution TEM,XPS and nitrogen adsorption.The flower-like Pt/SnOx microspheres of 1 μm in diameter were composed of staggered petal-like nanosheets with a thickness of 20 nm.Pt nanoparticles（NPs） of 2-3 nm were well dispersed on the SnOx nanosheets.The catalyst was tested in the catalytic oxidation of gaseous formaldehyde（HCHO） at room temperature,and exhibited enhanced activity compared to Pt NPs supported on commercial SnO and ground SnOx.HCHO removal of 87%was achieved over the hierarchical Pt/SnOx after 1 h of reaction,which was 1.5 times that over the ground SnOx-supported Pt（Pt/g-SnOx）,and the high activity was maintained after six recycles,showing the high stability of this catalyst.HCHO decomposition kinetics was modeled as a second order reaction.The reaction rate constant for Pt/SnOx was 5.6 times higher than Pt/g-SnOx.The hierarchical pore structure was beneficial for the diffusion and adsorption of HCHO molecules,and the highly dispersed Pt NPs on the SnOx nanosheets were the active sites for the oxidative decomposition of HCHO into CO2 and H2O.This study provided a promising approach for designing efficient catalysts for indoor HCHO removal at ambient temperature.

GE Signa Profile Platinum3磁共振故障分析与维修

本款设备主要构成部分是IPS、SRU、OC、table、magnet。其中IPS和OC在操作室 ,table和magnet在扫描室 ,由于扫描室必须磁屏蔽 ,两者之间的信号传输通过SRU连接。由于本机在安装时受到房屋装修的影响 ,故障较多 ,本文将举两例故障现象及其分析 。

单原子Pt负载在锐钛矿(001)表面的电光学特性研究

基于第一性原理的多体格林函数理论方法,系统探究了锐钛矿TiO_(2)(001)表面负载Pt单原子催化剂的电子结构和光学性质,考虑Pt在完美表面和缺陷表面(O空位)两种基底上的负载.结果发现,Pt会在TiO_(2)禁带中间、价带和导带边缘引入新能级,但不同基底负载的Pt单原子催化剂存在不同的带隙特性.Pt的负载会引起体系光学吸收红移,增大光学吸收范围,延伸光吸收至可见光甚至是红外区域,提升可见光活化的可能性,同时改善体系的激子束缚能,有利于空穴与电子有效分离,这可能是Pt负载后光催化性能提升的原因之一.然而,若在可见光或低能量紫外光激发后,分离的电子与空穴没有及时参与反应,体系衰变回最低激发态,此时极大的激子束缚能可能会加速电子与空穴重组,不利于表面催化反应的进行.负载在O空位的催化剂最低激发态的激子束缚能比完美表面小,重组速率慢.计算结果能够为理解单原子催化剂结构-性能关系提供一些见解.

Distribution of platinum group elements in road dust in the Beijing metropolitan area, China

Dust samples collected from the Beijing metropolitan area （China） were evaluated to determine the distribution and the concentration of platinum group elements （PGEs）. The dust particles that were smaller than 100 mesh size fraction （150 μm） were analyzed after aqua regia digestion. Concentrations ofPt, Rh, and Pd were found to be between 3.96 and 356.3 ng/g, 2.76 and 97.11 ng/g, and 0.1 and 124.9 ng/g, respectively, in the urban areas of Beijing, whereas for the background samples collected from the suburbs of Beijing, the concentrations of Pt, Pd, and Rh were very low and ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 ng/g, 0.5 to 1.4 ng/g, and 0.8 to 2.2 rig/g, respectively. The distributions of PGEs in road dust were an accurate reflection of the levels of pollution and were found to match with the local traffic conditions. A strong positive correlation was established among all the dements found in road dust. This suggests that emissions of abraded fragments from vehicle exhausts may be the source of the high concentration of Pt, Rh, and Pd in road dust along the main roads of Beijing.

Nanostructured ultrathin catalyst layer with ordered platinum nanotube arrays for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Fabrication of novel electrode architectures with nanostructured ultrathin catalyst layers is an effective strategy to improve catalyst utilization and enhance mass transport for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).Herein,we report the design and construction of a nanostructured ultrathin catalyst layer with ordered Pt nanotube arrays,which were obtained by a hard-template strategy based on ZnO,via hydrothermal synthesis and magnetron sputtering for PEMFC application.Because of the crystallographically preferential growth of Pt (111) facets,which was attributed to the structural effects of ZnO nanoarrays on the Pt nanotubes,the catalyst layers exhibit obviously higher electrochemical activity with remarkable enhancement of specific activity and mass transport compared with the state-of-the-art randomly distributed Pt/C catalyst layer.The PEMFC fabricated with the as-prepared catalyst layer composed of optimized Pt nanotubes with an average diameter of 90(±10) nm shows excellent performance with a peak power density of 6.0W/mgPt at 1 A/cm^2,which is 11.6%greater than that of the conventional Pt/C electrode.

A meta-analysis of the success rates of heartbeat restoration within the platinum 10min among outpatients suffering from sudden cardiac arrest in China

Background:The optimal time to save a person who has had a sudden cardiac arrest is within the first few minutes of the incident.Early compression and early defibrillation should be performed at this time.Timeliness is the key to successful CPR; as such,Prof.He proposed the 'platinum 10 min' system to study early CPR issues.This paper systematically evaluates the success rates of heartbeat restoration within the 'platinum 10min' among patients suffering from sudden cardiac arrest.Methods:The clinical data of outpatients suffering from a cardiac arrest were retrieved from the China Knowledge Network(January 1975-January 2015),the Chongqing VIP database(January 1989-January 2015),and the Wanfang database(January 1990-January 2015).The success of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) performed at different times after the patients had cardiac arrests was analyzed.Two researchers screened the literature and extracted the data independently.A meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 12.0.A total of 57 papers met the inclusion criteria,including 29,269 patients.Of these patients,1,776 had their heartbeats successfully restored.The results showed high heterogeneity(χ~2=3428.85,P<0.01,I2=98.4%).The meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.The combined effect size was 0.171(0.144-0.199).Results:1) The success rate of heartbeat restoration did not differ among the four emergency treatment methods that patients received:the methods described in the 2000 Guidelines for CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care,that described in the 2005 version,2010 version,and another CPR method.2) The patients were divided into five groups based on the time when CPR was performed:the ?1min group,the 1-5min group,the 5-10 min group,the 10-15 min group and the >15min group.The CPR success rates of these five groups were 0.247(0.15-0.344),0.353(0.250-0.456),0.136(0.109-0.163),0.058(0.041-0.075),and 0.011(0.004-0.019),respectively.The CPR success rates did not differ between the patients in the ?1min group and the 1-5min group.This success rate was higher for the patients in the 1-5min group than those in the 10-15 min group,those in the 10-15 min group,and those in the >15min group.The CPR success rate was higher for the patients in the 5-10 min group than those in the 10-15 min group and those in the >15min group.The CPR success rate was higher for the patients in the 10-15 min group than those in the >15min group.In addition,the patients were divided into two groups based on whether CPR was performed within the first 10 min after the cardiac arrest occurred:the ?10min group and the >10min group.The CPR success rate was higher for the patients in the ?10min group [0.189(0.161-0.218)] than those in the >10min group [0.044(0.032-0.056)].3) Differences were not found between the CPR success rates among the patients in the telephone guidance group [0.167(0.016-0.351)] and those in the ?1min,1-5min,5-10 min,10-15 min,and >15min groups.4) The CPR success rates did not differ among in the patients in the witness + public group [0.329(0.221-0.436)],those in the ?1min group,and those in the 1-5min group.However,this success rate was higher in the patients in the witness + public group than those in the 5-10 min,10-15 min,and >15min groups.Conclusion:The success rate of heartbeat restoration did not differ among patients receiving CPR based on different guidelines.The success rate of CPR lies in its timeliness.The participation of the general population is the cornerstone of improving CPR.Providing complete emergency treatment equipment and perfecting comprehensive measures can improve the success rate of CPR among patients within the platinum 10 min.CPR research in China must be improved.

Platinum-polyaniline-modified carbon fiber electrode for the electrooxidation of methanol

Platinum was electrodeposited onto a polyaniline-modified carbon fiberelectrode by the cyclic voltammetric method in sulfuric acid, which may enable an increase in thelevel of platinum utilization currently achieved in electrocatalytic systems. This electrodepreparation consists of a two-step procedure: first electropolymerization of aniline onto carbonfiber and then electrodeposition of platinum. The catalytic activity of theplatinum-polyanihne-modified carbon fiber electrode (Pt/PAni/C) was compared with that of a barecarbon fiber electrode (Pt/C) by the oxidation of methanol. The maximum oxidation current ofmethanol on Pt/PAni/C is 50.7 mA centre dot cm^(-2), which is 6.7 times higher than 7.6 mA centredot cm^(-2) on the Pt/C. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the dispersion of theplatinum particles of about 0.4 um.

Reviews of Metallurgical Technology to Recovery Platinum Group Metals from Secondary Resource in China

China is extremely poor in mineral resources of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs), productive output of PGMs from mineral resource is 2.5 tons per year. At the same time, China is the biggest PGMs consumption country in the world, the mineral resource of PGMs is critical shortage, it shows the importance of recycling the secondary resource of PGMs. Sino-Platinum Metals Resource (Yimen) Co., Ltd. is the leader in recycling of PGMs from secondary resource, and has made outstanding contributions to China PGMs secondary resources recycling. This article elucidates the current situation of secondary resources recovery and development of metallurgical technology for PGMs.

Adsorption of platinum(Ⅳ)onto D301R resin

Pt（Ⅳ） was quantitatively adsorbed by D301R resin in the medium of pH = 3.47. The statically saturated adsorption capacity is 410 mg/g. Pt（Ⅳ） adsorbed on D301R resin can be eluted by 1.0-2.0 mol/L NaOH. The rate constant is k298 = 5.43 × 10^-5 s^-1. The adsorption of Pt（Ⅳ） on D301R resin obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption parameters of thermodynamics are as follows： enthalpy change AH = 4.37 kJ/mol, Gibbs free energy change AG = -5.39 kJ/mol, and entropy change AS = 32.76 J/（mol.K）. The apparent activation energy is Ea = 22.5 kJ/mol. The coordination molar ratio of the functional group of D301R resin to Pt（Ⅳ） is 2：1.

Effect of combined platinum and electron on the temperature dependence of forward voltage in fast recovery diode

The temperature dependences of forward voltage drop（VF） of the fast recovery diodes（FRDs） are remarkably influenced by different lifetime controlled treatments. In this paper the results of an experimental study are presented, which are the lifetime controls of platinum treatment, electron irradiation treatment, and the combined treatment of the above ones.Based on deep level transient spectroscopy（DLTS） measurements, a new level E6（EC-0.376 e V） is found in the combined lifetime treated（CLT） sample, which is different from the levels of the individual platinum and electron irradiation ones. Comparing the tested VFresults of CLT samples with the others, the level E6 is responsible for the degradation of temperature dependence of the forward voltage drop in the FRD.

Hydroisomerization performance of platinum supported on ZSM-22/ZSM-23 intergrowth zeolite catalyst

Hydroisomerization catalysts Pt/ZSM-22, Pt/ZSM-23, and Pt/ZSM-22/ZSM-23 were prepared by supporting Pt on ZSM-22, ZSM-23, and intergrowth zeolite ZSM-22/ZSM-23, respectively. The typical physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, N2 absorption-desorption, Pyridine-Fourier Transform Infrared （Py-FTIR）, Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM）, X-Ray Fluorescence （XRF）, Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM） and NH3- Temperature Programmed Desorption （NH3-TPD）, and the performance of these catalysts in n-dodecane hydroisomerization was evaluated in a continuous down-flow fixed bed with a stainless steel tubular reactor. The characterization results indicated that the intergrowth zeolite ZSM-22/ZSM-23 possessed the dual structure of ZSM-22 and ZSM-23, and the catalyst Pt/ZSM-22/ZSM-23 had similar pores and weak acidity to Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts. Moreover, Pt/ZSM-22/ZSM-23 catalyst showed a high selectivity in hydroisomerization of long chain n-alkanes to mono-branched isomers. The evaluation results for n-dodecane hydroisomerization indicated that the activity of Pt/ZSM-22/ZSM-23 was the lowest, while the hydroisomerization selectivity was the highest among the three catalysts. The maximum yield of i-dodecane product was 68.3% over Pt/ZSM-22/ZSM-23 at 320 ℃.

Palladium,Platinum and Gold Concentrations in Fengshan Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit,Hubei Province,China

The Fengshan porphyry-skarn copper-molybdenum （Cu-Mo） deposit is located in the south-eastern Hubei Province in east China. Cu-Mo mineralization is hosted in the Fengshan granodiorite porphyry stock that intruded the Triassic Daye Formation carbonate rocks in the early Cretaceous （-140 Ma）, as well as the contact zone between granodiorite porphyry stock and carbonate rocks, forming the porphyry-type and skaru-type association. The Fengshan granodiorite stock and the immediate country rocks are strongly fractured and intensely altered by hydrothermal fluids. In addition to intense skarn alteration, the prominent alteration types are potassic, phyllic, and propylitic, whereas argiilation is less common. Mineralization occurs as veins, stock works, and disseminations, and the main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, bornite, and magnetite. The contents of palladium, platinum and gold （Pd, Pt and Au） are determined in nine samples from fresh and mineralized granodiorite and different types of altered rocks. The results show that the Pd content is systematically higher than Pt, which is typical for porphyry ore deposits worldwide. The Pt content ranges from 0.037 tol.765 ppb, and the Pd content ranges between 0.165 and 17.979 ppb. Pd and Pt are more concentrated in porphyry mineralization than skarn mineralization, and have negative correlations with Au. The reconnaissance study presented here confirms the existence of Pd and Pt in the Fengshan porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo deposit. When compared with intracontinent and island arc geotectonic settings, the Pd, Pt, and Au contents in the Fengshan porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the intracontinent is lower than the continental margin types and island are types. A combination of available data indicates that Pd and Pt were derived from oxidized alkaline magmas generated by the partial melting of an enriched mantle source.

Preparation of Platinum(II) Complexes with 1-β-D-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide and its Deoxy-analogue

The platinum (II) complexes of the [Pt (N4,N7-Ribavirin) (DMSO) Cl], [Pt (N4,N7-De-oxyribavirin) (DMSO) Cl] were obtained by the reactions of cis-[Pt (DMSO)2 Cl2] and K[Pt (DMSO) Cl3] with 1-??-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (Ribavirin) and its deoxy-analogue (deoxyribavirin). The preparation of 1-(2'-deoxy-?-D-ribofuranosyl) -1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide was also performed through a four-step procedure, protection of 3', 5'-dihydroxyl group of Ribavirin with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane (TPDS-Cl), phenoxythio-carbonylation of the 2'-hydroxyl group of 3', 5'-O-TPDS-Ribavirin with phenoxythiocarbonyl-chloride (PTC-Cl), reduction of 2′-O-phenoxythiocarbonyl ester of 3', 5'-O-TPDS-Ribavirin with tri-n-butyltin hydride and AIBN, deprotection of 3', 5'-O-TPDS-Ribavirin with tetrabutylammon-ium fluoride in THF.

Formation and Oxidation of Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronze on Platinum Electrode in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Hydrogen molybdenum bronze (HxMoO3) can be electrodeposited on platinum and oxidized in two steps to the hydrogen molybdenum bronze with less amount of hydrogen HyMoO3 (y<x) and MoO3 when platinum electrode is cycled from -0.2 to 1.3V (vs. SCE) in 0.05 mol/L Na2MoO4 + 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution. During the formation of HxMoO3, the electrochemical reduction of molybdate existing in the form of polymolydate is reversible and is about a five-electron transfer reaction.

Effect of double platinum agents, combination of miriplatintransarterial oily chemoembolization and cisplatinhepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Report of two cases

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common cancers and the third highest cause of cancerassociated mortality worldwide. The treatment of HCC is complicated by its variable biological behavior and the frequent coexistence of chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis. To date, multiple treatment modalities have been developed according to the stage of the tumor and the hepatic functional reserve, including transarterial treatments such as transarterial chemoembolization, transarterial oily chemoembolization(TOCE), and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC). We conducted a phase I and II study of the combination therapy with double platinum agents, miriplatin and cisplatin, and confirmed its safety and efficacy. Here, we describe two cases of unresectable HCC who were successfully treated by miriplatin-TOCE/cisplatin-HAIC combination therapy, resulting in complete responses with no significant adverse events. This report will provide that the combination therapy can be the therapeutic option for HCC patients in the advanced stage.

Platinum recovery from dilute platinum solutions using activated carbon

Platinum adsorption on activated carbon,a common adsorbent,from dilute platinum-containing solution of 57.6 mg/L was investigated.The effects of different adsorption parameters on the platinum adsorption were reported in detail.The percentage of platinum adsorption increased with increasing the amount of adsorbent,as well as with increasing contact time and temperature.A platinum adsorption of 75% was obtained using 400 mg of activated carbon at a shaking rate of 200 r/min for 3 h at 25 ℃.A platinum adsorption of 88%,however,was obtained at 80 ℃ using 200 mg of activated carbon within only 1 h,which indicates that temperature plays a vital role in the adsorption process.A platinum adsorption of 99% or above was attained using 400 mg of activated carbon after contact for 3 h at 80 ℃.