Minbar, in Islam, the pulpit from which the sermon (khutbah) is delivered. In its simplest form, the minbar is a platform with three steps. Often it is constructed as a domed box at the top of a staircase and is reach...Minbar, in Islam, the pulpit from which the sermon (khutbah) is delivered. In its simplest form, the minbar is a platform with three steps. Often it is constructed as a domed box at the top of a staircase and is reached through a doorway that can be closed. Soliman pasha Al-Khadim mosque in Salah El-Din citadel in Cairo is considered the first mosque with ottoman architectural style. This Minbar exposed to aggressive human intervention by mosque workers and archaeological crafts unity-ministry of antiquities in Egypt, to lose more of its historical and architectural values. Now this Minbar undergoes restoration process, they are removing all modern pigments and remains of last reconstruction in 2014 so we proposed some Nano particles and Nano composites for Preservation of it. The study started with the characteristics of the historic architectural elements of Mibars and their joining structural mortars in order to risk assessment and to define the necessary characteristics of the intervention retrofitting new materials, which will be used in the ongoing preservation work of these stucco architectural elements. To achieve such, several analyses and laboratory tests like ultra-sonic pulse method testing and uniaxial compression test were carried out to determine their basic, physical and mechanical properties, along with the microstructural properties determination using Mercury porosimeter. On the other hand, the morphological description, petrography, mineralogical and microstructural properties were determined using scanning electron microscope equipped by EDS, transmission electron microscopy TEM, polarizing light microscopy, XRD and XRF. The results proved the superiority of the samples that have been strengthened by nano lime concentration of 2% with Wacker OH 100 concentration in 5%.展开更多
The present research paper is dedicated to the analysis of the impact of nationalisation on Corporate Social Responsibility （CSR） Policy in Citadele bank （formerly Parex） and Corporate Responsibility （CR） study ...The present research paper is dedicated to the analysis of the impact of nationalisation on Corporate Social Responsibility （CSR） Policy in Citadele bank （formerly Parex） and Corporate Responsibility （CR） study of the Latvian banking sector. The goal is to analyse the notion of nationalisation, the history of Citadele bank, and to scrutinise CSR policy and its aspects. Research aim is to explore the impact of CSR activities implemented by Citadele on customers＇ views after the nationalisation of the bank. The research methodology involves the analysis of the existing theoretical literature and a quantitative research method-survey conducted by an international research agency. The article also explores CSR activities of commercial banks in Latvia by applying the comparative method of research.展开更多
In Hue, the city located in the middle region of Vietnam, the Citadel is known as the place of the last Dynasty in the history of Vietnam, Nguyen （1802-1945）. Whereas Nguyen Kings lived in the Purple Forbidden City ...In Hue, the city located in the middle region of Vietnam, the Citadel is known as the place of the last Dynasty in the history of Vietnam, Nguyen （1802-1945）. Whereas Nguyen Kings lived in the Purple Forbidden City （the third wall of the Citadel）, other members of royal families and high-ranking mandarins lived in Hue Traditional Garden Houses （HTGHs） constructed around and in the Citadel area. This paper is a part of the research that focuses on an approach for sustainable live conservation and application of HTGHs into contemporary use. In this paper, the study aims to consider effects of the Citadel on the layout and arrangement of HTGHs located in its＇ area by studying alteration in layout elements of those house. Based on field surveys of 91 HTGHs in the Citadel area, it is found that although those houses are altered into various configurations under the impacts of urbanization and modernization, several important traditional elements in layout such as Binh Phong （masonry screen）, Be Can （basin）, and facing orientation have been maintained, and their layouts reflect a miniature image of Hue Citadel, i.e., there is an integral relationship between the Citadel and HTGHs located in it. This relationship plays an important role for expressing one of unique characteristics of Hue cultural asset, which is unavailable in other regions of Vietnam.展开更多
The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a crucial case in ancient Vietnam’s planning and design history.Although historical materials indicate that the orientation of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a dialectica...The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a crucial case in ancient Vietnam’s planning and design history.Although historical materials indicate that the orientation of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a dialectical unity relationship with the surroundingmountains,current research is only speculative generalization and lacks empirical analysis.Based on existing findings,this paper identifies the collineation measurement as a generalmethod in the Sinosphere countries for determining spatial orientation.Using a mixed-method of historical archives,fieldwork and simulation model,this paper summarizeshistorical cluesandthreedesignperspectives related to spatial orientation by statistical analysis.Further,it analyzes the logic and application of collineation measurement in constructing the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long.The results show that Vietnamese designers used Tàn Viên Mountain as a component of Thang Long city by collineating the twomountain peaks to the west.Tàn Viên Mountain and the highlands extending eastward fromit are used as the key to establishing the position of the Imperial Citadel,setting the spatial structure of human settlements,and the development of city space.The location,layout,and formof important buildings in the Imperial Citadel are also closely related to the surrounding landscape within 50 km.展开更多
Different global assertions have recently been made prohibiting the mono approach of decision-makers in formulating heritage conservation policies,due to many unfavourable touristic and political implications.The mono...Different global assertions have recently been made prohibiting the mono approach of decision-makers in formulating heritage conservation policies,due to many unfavourable touristic and political implications.The mono approach has led to exploitation of some sites’cultural standing as well as condoning a veritable remedy of some of their social and urban aspects,and thus threatening these sites with exclusion from the World Heritage List.This paper investigates the approach of some local Iraqi experiences of conservation,aiming at revealing some of the more painful repercussions of the singularity of site authorities in planning for built heritage future,which may draw a plan for the site away from its heritage potential.Some local cases are reviewed here,such as Erbil Citadel,setting them as examples that may add more facts to the global experience of heritage conservation in this regard.The paper concludes that the site authorities are also liable to drift as a result of some ramifications that impede setting a deep-sighted strategy,and thus may stray far from delivering the far-reaching aims.Accordingly,the monaural authority approach may need to be synthesised with some of the site’s locally-based views through an overlapped integral loop of interactions between them,which may support the conservation policy-formulation with diverse contributions.展开更多
文摘Minbar, in Islam, the pulpit from which the sermon (khutbah) is delivered. In its simplest form, the minbar is a platform with three steps. Often it is constructed as a domed box at the top of a staircase and is reached through a doorway that can be closed. Soliman pasha Al-Khadim mosque in Salah El-Din citadel in Cairo is considered the first mosque with ottoman architectural style. This Minbar exposed to aggressive human intervention by mosque workers and archaeological crafts unity-ministry of antiquities in Egypt, to lose more of its historical and architectural values. Now this Minbar undergoes restoration process, they are removing all modern pigments and remains of last reconstruction in 2014 so we proposed some Nano particles and Nano composites for Preservation of it. The study started with the characteristics of the historic architectural elements of Mibars and their joining structural mortars in order to risk assessment and to define the necessary characteristics of the intervention retrofitting new materials, which will be used in the ongoing preservation work of these stucco architectural elements. To achieve such, several analyses and laboratory tests like ultra-sonic pulse method testing and uniaxial compression test were carried out to determine their basic, physical and mechanical properties, along with the microstructural properties determination using Mercury porosimeter. On the other hand, the morphological description, petrography, mineralogical and microstructural properties were determined using scanning electron microscope equipped by EDS, transmission electron microscopy TEM, polarizing light microscopy, XRD and XRF. The results proved the superiority of the samples that have been strengthened by nano lime concentration of 2% with Wacker OH 100 concentration in 5%.
文摘The present research paper is dedicated to the analysis of the impact of nationalisation on Corporate Social Responsibility （CSR） Policy in Citadele bank （formerly Parex） and Corporate Responsibility （CR） study of the Latvian banking sector. The goal is to analyse the notion of nationalisation, the history of Citadele bank, and to scrutinise CSR policy and its aspects. Research aim is to explore the impact of CSR activities implemented by Citadele on customers＇ views after the nationalisation of the bank. The research methodology involves the analysis of the existing theoretical literature and a quantitative research method-survey conducted by an international research agency. The article also explores CSR activities of commercial banks in Latvia by applying the comparative method of research.
文摘In Hue, the city located in the middle region of Vietnam, the Citadel is known as the place of the last Dynasty in the history of Vietnam, Nguyen （1802-1945）. Whereas Nguyen Kings lived in the Purple Forbidden City （the third wall of the Citadel）, other members of royal families and high-ranking mandarins lived in Hue Traditional Garden Houses （HTGHs） constructed around and in the Citadel area. This paper is a part of the research that focuses on an approach for sustainable live conservation and application of HTGHs into contemporary use. In this paper, the study aims to consider effects of the Citadel on the layout and arrangement of HTGHs located in its＇ area by studying alteration in layout elements of those house. Based on field surveys of 91 HTGHs in the Citadel area, it is found that although those houses are altered into various configurations under the impacts of urbanization and modernization, several important traditional elements in layout such as Binh Phong （masonry screen）, Be Can （basin）, and facing orientation have been maintained, and their layouts reflect a miniature image of Hue Citadel, i.e., there is an integral relationship between the Citadel and HTGHs located in it. This relationship plays an important role for expressing one of unique characteristics of Hue cultural asset, which is unavailable in other regions of Vietnam.
文摘The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a crucial case in ancient Vietnam’s planning and design history.Although historical materials indicate that the orientation of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a dialectical unity relationship with the surroundingmountains,current research is only speculative generalization and lacks empirical analysis.Based on existing findings,this paper identifies the collineation measurement as a generalmethod in the Sinosphere countries for determining spatial orientation.Using a mixed-method of historical archives,fieldwork and simulation model,this paper summarizeshistorical cluesandthreedesignperspectives related to spatial orientation by statistical analysis.Further,it analyzes the logic and application of collineation measurement in constructing the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long.The results show that Vietnamese designers used Tàn Viên Mountain as a component of Thang Long city by collineating the twomountain peaks to the west.Tàn Viên Mountain and the highlands extending eastward fromit are used as the key to establishing the position of the Imperial Citadel,setting the spatial structure of human settlements,and the development of city space.The location,layout,and formof important buildings in the Imperial Citadel are also closely related to the surrounding landscape within 50 km.
文摘Different global assertions have recently been made prohibiting the mono approach of decision-makers in formulating heritage conservation policies,due to many unfavourable touristic and political implications.The mono approach has led to exploitation of some sites’cultural standing as well as condoning a veritable remedy of some of their social and urban aspects,and thus threatening these sites with exclusion from the World Heritage List.This paper investigates the approach of some local Iraqi experiences of conservation,aiming at revealing some of the more painful repercussions of the singularity of site authorities in planning for built heritage future,which may draw a plan for the site away from its heritage potential.Some local cases are reviewed here,such as Erbil Citadel,setting them as examples that may add more facts to the global experience of heritage conservation in this regard.The paper concludes that the site authorities are also liable to drift as a result of some ramifications that impede setting a deep-sighted strategy,and thus may stray far from delivering the far-reaching aims.Accordingly,the monaural authority approach may need to be synthesised with some of the site’s locally-based views through an overlapped integral loop of interactions between them,which may support the conservation policy-formulation with diverse contributions.
