The Status Quo, Dilemma and Path Innovation of the Citizenization of the New Generation of Migrant Workers

The citizenization of the new generation of migrant workers is the only way to promote China’s urbanization.Based on the development status of the new generation of migrant workers,this paper summarizes the difficulties encountered in the four aspects of employment,housing,social security and the education of migrant workers'children in the process of citizenization,finally explores four innovative ways of citizenization of the new generation of migrant workers,such as,strengthening vocational skills training to improve the employment quality of the new generation of migrant workers,improving the housing security mechanism to ensure that they have a place to live,improving the social security system to safeguard that they can be treated for their illnesses and the elderly,improving the distribution of educational resources to promote fair education for the children of them.

Establishment of Indication System for Evaluating the Citizenization Level of New Generation Migrant Workers and Its Application

Scientific and reasonable indicator system is the key for evaluating citizenization level of new generation migrant workers. With reference to basic connotation of endogenous and exogenous variables and in view of citizenization characteristics of new generation migrant workers,it built an evaluation indicator system including endogenous indicators based on micro-individual and exogenous indicators based on mesourban environment and macro-national policies. Besides,combining current situation of new generation migrant workers in Jiangsu Province,it evaluated citizenization level of the indicator system,in the hope of providing certain reference for evaluating citizenization level of new generation migrant workers.

Employment Will of New Generation Migrant Workers in Hubei Province and Countermeasures

The issue concerning new generation migrant workers is an important part of current social management. How to improve employment ability of new generation migrant workers is the central part of improving living of migrant workers and development environment. Based on survey data of 6 counties in Hubei Province,I analyzed employment will and influence factors of new generation migrant workers. Researches have indicated that going out to work,employment opportunity,nature of subordinate service industry,industrial technical level,and financial support play a significant role in employment intention of migrant workers,while their employment ability is influenced by their cultural quality,professional skills, working endurance,degree of policy cognition,and information channel,etc. In view of these five aspects,I put forward following countermeasures: raise educational level,improve skills,strengthen endurance,enhance attention to policies,and expand information channel,to improve employment ability of new generation migrant workers.

Investigation and Analysis on the Selecting and Obtaining Employment of New Generation Migrant workers——A case of Yudu County,Jiangxi Province

The paper conducts an investigation on the new generation migrant workers in view of the selecting and obtaining employment of new generation migrant workers in industrial zone of Yudu County,Ganzhou Province during the period from June 23,2010 to June 27,2010.The basic situation of the selecting and obtaining employment of new generation migrant workers,the expectation and career goals is collected.The chief problems confronted by the selecting and obtaining employment of migrant workers are analyzed.The problems cover substandard employment of enterprises;unsatisfying working and living conditions of new generation migrant workers;the knowledge and technology of new generation migrant workers lag behind the demand of enterprises;the new generation migrant workers lack the spirit of bearing hardships and hard work;new generation migrant workers do not have clear career plan and their demands on studying and training are hard to be materialized;restricted by household registration system,the new generation migrant workers can not enter into their workplace.Countermeasures and suggestions on solving the selecting and obtaining of new generation migrant workers are put forward.Firstly,perfecting the relevant laws and regulations on labors and protecting the each item of labor economic rights of new generation migrant workers;secondly,intensifying vocational training and improving the competitiveness of new generation migrant workers;thirdly,paying attention to the political education and mental health education on new generation migrant workers and launching rich and colorful cultural activities;fourthly,reinforcing the human concern and right protection on new generation migrant workers to enhance their right to say;fifthly,intensifying the reform on household registration and accelerating the process of urbanization.

Establishment of Comprehensive Evaluation Model of the New Generation Migrant Workers' Employability

Through literature research and expert interviews,we extract 10 variables influencing the new generation migrant workers' employability,and establish the comprehensive evaluation model of the new generation migrant workers' employability. Using factor analysis,we derive that the model includes three factors: skill literacy,relationship literacy and basic literacy. The weights of each factor are 0. 580,0. 244 and 0. 174 8,respectively. Skill literacy is affected by skill level,learning ability,career aspiration,ability to analyze problems,physical health status and other factors. Relationship literacy is affected by the sense of teamwork,interpersonal skills,social support and other factors. Basic literacy is affected by educational level,hardworking spirit and other factors. According to the results,we put forth the following recommendations to improve the new generation migrant workers' employability: strengthening the vocational skill training; coordinating the vocational education resources.

Effects of Human Capital Investment on Entrepreneurial Capability of New Generation of Migrant Workers——An Empirical Study Based on Questionnaire Survey in Chongqing

With the transformation of China's economy,the new generation of migrant workers quickly entered the labor market and gradually became the main body of supply in the labor market. Based on the relevant theory of human capital investment and the survey of the current situation of entrepreneurial ability of the new generation of migrant workers,through building the human capital investment linear regression model,this paper analyzed the different variables for human capital investment of the new generation of migrant workers from the quantitative perspective. It found that the educational level is the largest factor influencing their entrepreneurial ability. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for improving the entrepreneurial ability of the new generation of migrant workers.

Analysis on Vocational Education and Social Mobility of New Generation Migrant Workers:A Case Study of Shijiazhuang City

Based on survey data of current situations of new generation migrant workers vocational education and its influence on social mobility in Shijiazhuang City, the author believes that there are many drawbacks in vocational education of new generation migrant workers, including low participationt and varied training environment of enterprises. In addition, the influence of vocational education of migrant workers on social mobility is not very satisfactory. Finally, it presents countermeasures for improving vocational education, to promote social mobility of new generation migrant workers.

Analysis of Public Goods Supply of New Generation Migrant Workers' Urban and Rural Double Marginalization

Status quo of urban and rural public goods supply in China is analyzed.Firstly,public goods supply in rural areas is inadequate,for example,inadequate supply of agricultural infrastructure,lack of expenditure in agricultural science and technology,problems of rural drinking water safety,problems of rural roads and transportation,low levels of health care,weak rural public culture,short supply of farmers' education.Secondly,the system and level of urban public goods provision can't meet migrant workers' demand,for example,less migrant workers are employed by the governments' direction;migrant workers are isolated by urban housing project and these workers have difficulty in receiving city social security.One reason of new generation migrant workers facing the double marginalization of rural and urban crisis is that urban and rural public goods supply are different in particular the inadequate supply of public goods in rural areas.Three countermeasures are put forward in order to relieve new generation migrant workers' double marginalization of urban and rural,which include increasing financial input in rural areas in order to achieve equalization of urban and rural public goods,perfecting the preferential agricultural policy to increase rural public goods supply,making urban public goods supply as a guide to promote the new generation migrant workers into the city.

Problems of New Generation Migrant Workers from the Perspective of Social Discrimination

The correlation of migrant workers and other social problems are studied from the aspects of the concept of "migrant workers" and social discrimination,"new generation" and mobility of social class,and the gender structure of new generation migrant workers.The results show that the "worker" in the "migrant worker" comes from the "work for other people";although the "migrant worker" has the sense of discrimination,it really reflects the survival states of a certain social class;comparing with the first class migrant workers,the new generation migrant workers are the second generation of migrant workers,and their social position has not changed basically.The unfairness of social mobility is included among the "poor second generation","rich second generation" and "officer second generation",which may lead to the hardening of social class and the appear of opposite classes;the new generation migrant workers are subverting their fathers’ psychological recognition of "man dominates the outside and the woman dominates the inside" by the imbalanced sex structure,which is characterized by more women and less men.The social problems concerning new generation migrant workers caused by the sex discrepancy are directly related to the construction of the framework which comes up to the human moral and the stable improvement of the whole social ideological and cultural level.

Study on Undertaking-starting of New Generation Migrant Workers

New generation migrant workers have become mainstay of China's migrant workers and also major builders of China's urbanization process. Compared with last generation migrant workers,new generation migrant workers have greater awareness of starting an undertaking. In the new trend,undertaking-starting is inevitable for new generation migrant workers. This study analyzed problems encountered by new generation migrant workers in the course of starting an undertaking. It reached conclusions that competent authorities should set up support mechanism in undertaking-starting training,undertaking-starting fund,service platform,and preferential policies,to encourage and support new generation migrant workers to start an undertaking.

A Survey and Analysis on the New Generation of Migrant Workers＇ Awareness of Internet New Words in Foshan City

50 new generation of migrant workers were randomly chosen from Yanbu Town which is in Nanhai district,Foshan city, Gua ngdong Province.They were asked to complete the questionnaires about the awareness of interact new words.The statistics show that the average awareness of new generation of migrant workers on interact new words is low as a whole. The reasons may lie in workers＇ overtime working ,relatively closed working environment, low social status,low income and education level and so on.

The Study and Investigation for the Ideals of New Generation Migrant Workers

(1) Objective: The study is to understand the overall situation of the ideas of new generation migrant workers and its influencing factors, so as to provide basis for the formulation of relevant countermeasures.(2) Methods: The article uses a self-made questionnaire for 613 new generation migrant workers to conduct a questionnaire investigation and statistical analysis of the results.(3) Results: The scores of the new generation migrant workers' ideals from the highest to the lowest are life ideal, occupation ideal, physical ideal, development ideal and material ideal and the ideals have differences in gender, age, marital status and family residence.(4) Conclusion: The ideal levels are different and basically in the upper middle level.

农民工市民化影响城乡融合发展的理论阐释与实证分析

将农民工市民化与城乡融合发展纳入统一分析框架,在构建城乡融合发展进程评价指标体系和计算农民工城市融入工资测算农民工市民化程度的基础上,基于2009—2021年省级面板数据,构建双向固定效应模型,实证检验农民工市民化对城乡融合发展的影响。研究发现:推进农民工市民化能够显著促进城乡融合发展;分区域看,农民工市民化对城乡融合发展的促进作用在中西部地区更加明显;通过加快农业现代化、加快农村现代化、促进基本公共服务均等化以及提高新型城镇化质量等作用渠道推进农民工市民化促进城乡融合发展。

New Trends in Internal Migration in China： Profiles of the New-generation Migrants

Three decades since the first wave of rural-urban migration, the new generation of migrant workers has become the main force of internal migration in China. The present paper comprehensively explores the profiles of the new generation of migrant workers in urban China. We find that the ＂new generation＂ migrants are more educated and skilled, and are likely to work in manufacturing and service industries than in the construction industry. Moreover, they tend to allocate more time to non-farm activities and have more months away from home per year in urban areas. In contrast to their predecessors, they tend to migrate to urban areas with their spouses, consume more in urban areas and send less money back home. Our findings suggest that the differences in features between the new generation of rural migrants and urban residents have become smaller and the integration of rural migrants into urban China has taken place gradually.

继续教育赋能新生代农民工市民化:目标、场域与路径

在继续推进以人为核心的新型城镇化建设时期,逐渐由推进农民工市民化数量转向提升农民工市民化质量,新生代农民工在农民工群体中占比一半以上,且与老一代农民工相比具有学习需求和意愿,因此聚焦这一群体具有重要的研究意义。继续教育赋能新生代农民工市民化目标主要体现在增强就业能力,改善文化素养,提高生活质量,提升权益意识。结合场域形态理论,继续教育重塑新生代农民工市民化的工作场、文化场、生活场和意识场。鉴于此,提出继续教育赋能新生代农民工的路径:广泛宣传,提升意识;有求有供,形式灵活;多方参与,多元投资;自我认同,他人认可。

农民工还将长期处于“半市民化”阶段吗?——基于“嵌入态”生存理论

作为城镇化推进的重要力量,农民工在为城市创造财富的同时,却往往无法获得与市民同等的权利。随着新生代农民工群体对于融入城市、成为市民的需求越来越迫切,农民工市民化问题也逐渐成为社会焦点。基于对西方空间社会学理论的辨析和对中国农民工进入城市历史及现状的思考而提炼出的以“嵌入态”为核心的中国农民工市民化理论认为,“嵌入态”最终会演化成三种状态,即“嵌入”“融入”和“脱嵌”。农民工市民化过程就是农民工从“嵌入”到“融入”的演化过程。农民工“嵌入—融入”度是对农民工在此演化过程具体状态的评估,也就是农民工市民化程度,其取值范围介于0分至100分之间。2012年、2018年开展的调查显示,农民工“嵌入-融入”度一直处于“半市民化”阶段。随着新型城镇化的不断推进,越来越多农民工正沿着“城乡二分”→“表层嵌入”→“中度嵌入”→“深度嵌入”→“初步融入”→“基本融入”的方向演化。现阶段我国农民工正处于由“深度嵌入”向“初步融入”,从农民工市民化“瓶颈突破期”向“巩固发展期”转化的关键时期,农民工“半市民化”困境正在破局。

社交能力、就业质量与农民工市民化

农民工市民化是现阶段推进农民工走向共同富裕的重要渠道。文章基于2016年与2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),实证检验了社交能力对农民工市民化的影响,以及就业质量在其中的调节作用。研究结果表明:社交能力能够促进农民工个人、子女及其家庭融入城市。在此过程中,就业质量有着显著的调节作用:就业收入、就业安全、就业晋升等因素均有不同程度的影响;农民工就业质量的提高能够缓解社交能力差异带来的市民化融入差距。因此,国家在促进农民工就业技能培训的同时,还应重视对农民工社交能力等非认知能力的培养,提高农民工的就业质量,为农民工有效融入城市社会、立足城市社会打下坚实基础。

工作收入、社会保障与新职业农民工市民化:城市住房价格的调节效应

人口密集的大型城市催生大量收入较高的新职业,吸引农业转移人口定居,而人口聚集推高的房价又构成外来人口落户的障碍,共同构成新时期我国流动人口城乡双向迁移的重要原因。使用全国代表性数据研究发现:随着务工城市住房价格的提升,工作收入对市民化的作用在下降,而社会保障的作用在上升。实证分析表明,较高的就业质量是农民工市民化的基础,但新职业农民工以“保障换收入”在增加短期货币收入的同时削弱了获取城市公共服务的潜力,对其中长期市民化构成不利影响。

新型城镇化背景下农民工市民化成本测算及其分担机制构建——以西安市为例

以西安市为例,分析了西安市新型城镇化发展现状,建立了西安市农民工市民化成本测算指标,提出了构建合理成本分担机制的观点和建议,以期对西部地区、全国有序推行以农民工市民化推动新型城镇化发展提供参考。