Relations between Environmental Right for Citizens and the Right to Use Environmental Resources owned by Company and Enterprise

From angles of administrative law and private law, the article analyzes relations between environmental right for citizens and the right to use environmental resources owned by company and enterprise and points out three principles to balancing two relations: A principle of equal protection, a principle that general interest is superior to special interest as well as taking an account for special interest, in specific circumstances, for example, in the circumstance that clashes between environmental and economic interests can not be avoided, policy makers can put an emphasis on more important social interest according after considering weight of each interest. Finally, the article reaches a conclusion that China should establish system of environmental right for citizens from legislative and administrative levels so that a harmonious society can be constructed with guarantee.

Pay Attention to Vulnerable Groups & Safeguard Citizens' Marriage, Family Rights——On New Marriage Law

Marriage and family remain a universal and eternal subject of study. It covers law, ethics, sociology, psychology and even economics. Law and ethics play the most outstanding role in it. Family ethics and moral standards constitute an important part of social ethical system while marriage and family constitute part of the legal system nearest to the life of the common people. Since the founding of New China, the Party and the State have paid full attention to the marriage and family system. Compared with other laws, the law about marriage and family was the first to be legislated. On May 1, 1950, New China’s first law, the 1950 version of Marriage Law, was promulgated. Commenting on the legal document, Chairman Mao Zedong had this to say: Marriage law concerns

Book on Citizens' Legal Rights Published

A book on the legal rights of citizens has been published by the China Procuratorate Publishing House.

Important Guarantee for The Basic Rights of Citizens——China's State compensation system

A common folk can sue an official? This was hardly possible in the past in China where the old feudalistic tradition dies hard. But this is really possible today when the common people cannot only sue officials and also get compensation if they are wronged. State compensation system It would be inevitable for government functionaries to cause damages to some citizens, legal persons or other organizations in the course of their management of the society. That is why China has established a State compensation system to compensate for the damages to citizens, legal persons and other organizations caused by government functionaries in exercising their power.

On China's Protection of Citizens' Right to Be Informed and Construction of Government Information Publicity System

I. The Unfolding Situation of the Philosophy of Right to Be Informed in China and Early Construction of Government Information Publicity System The origin of the thought,known as China＇s protection of right to be informed and the construction of government information publicity system

Chinese Citizens' Right To Work and Social Security Effectively Protected——An interview with Zheng Silin, minister of labor and social security

Following is an interview by staff reporters of the Human Rights magazine with Zheng Silin, Chinese minister of labor and social security. The interview was meant in part to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the implementation of the Labor Law of the People's Republic of China that falls on January 1,2005. We are publishing this transcript with a view to providing our readers with information about how China has worked persistently to protect citizens' right to work and social security and the achievements it has made in this regard. We need to remind our readers of the fact that back in March 2004, the National People's Congress, China's highest legislature, approved a recommendation for revision of China's Constitution. In accordance with the recommendation, the Constitution had one more clause added: The state shall establish and improve a social security system commensurate to the level of the economic and social development.

Progress in Reform of China's Education and Pro tection of Citizens' Right to Educatio n ——An Interview with Zhou Ji, Minister of Education

Following is a transcript of an interview by our staff reporter with Zhou Ji, Minister of Education, on a range of questions concerning China's education. These include how China is reforming its education system, what the Chinese Government has done to protect the right of citizens to education, as well as the investment made by the state in education.

The Profound Revelation of Human Social Relations and the Profound Realization of Information Right of Citizens——The social significance of network technique advancement in the perspective of “Entity Cube”

The R＆D group of relationship searching in Microsoft Asia Research Institute explains ＂Entity Cube＂ launched in 2008 as follows：

能源法的法权构造及其体系展开

能源法的核心范畴界定较为模糊,亟待澄清。基于能源权利与能源权力的交互性、能源公益与能源私益的均衡性、能源监管与能源市场的协调性等需求考量,法权可作为能源法的核心范畴。能源法法权结构可从本体论、运行论和价值论三个层面予以构造,形成体系化安排。本体论上,应以公民能源权利与国家能源权力的交互为基础,强调公民能源权作为法权结构的逻辑起点、以落脚为能源普遍服务的能源权力作为法权结构的基本保障;运行论上,应以能源合同作为法权结构运行的具体承载;价值论上,应以能源正义作为法权结构价值的最终目的。由此,可仰仗能源法的法权结构构筑能源法学体系。

台湾地区居民法律地位:三重面向、内容构造与优化路径

台湾地区居民法律地位问题,是防范与遏制“台独”分裂活动、推动两岸融合发展、推进国家完全统一进程中必须面对的重大现实问题。在法律实践中,台湾地区居民地位具有“待解放的中国人民”“特殊的中国公民”“同等待遇的中国居民”三重面向。相关立法坚持目标和问题导向,逐渐趋向具体化、同等化和常态化。当前,台湾地区居民法律地位的主要问题是如何推动落实同等待遇,这在一定程度上影响了其内容构造。其中,“居住地”标准是优化落实台湾地区居民法律地位的基础,权利义务是其规范内核,政策则对法律规定起着引领、实施和补充的重要作用。为切实提升台湾地区居民国家认同,建议接续推进身份管理模块化、推动同等待遇实质化、逐步实现权利义务体系化,形成优化台湾居民法律地位的系统方案。

双重股权结构在公司治理中的应用研究

随着中国经济体制改革的加速,外部投资市场资金的流入给上市公司带来了不少机遇。然而,机遇往往伴随着挑战,如何在吸引外部资金的同时,保障创始人的控制权并确保公司的长期稳定发展成为了一个亟待解决的问题。在这样的背景下,双重股权结构应运而生,成为保障创始人控制权的重要手段。文章阐述了双重股权结构的概念、特征、优势与不足,并结合公司治理对双重股权结构的应用提出了针对性的建议,对促进我国资本市场和企业的健康发展具有重要意义。

分享权视域中的公民体育权

分享权与服务行政直接相关。包括体育权在内的精神文化类权利是现代社会公民实现“优良生活”所必不可少的重要内容。作为宪法社会权面向的体育权主要是行政法层面的分享权而非宪法层面的请求权,是宪法平等权在体育权领域的衍生性权利。公民体育分享权的实现进路是体育行政给付。具体而言,包括适当程度的体育公共服务、财政允许的体育资源直接给付以及以私法方式转化实现的体育行政给付。

表决权滥用的法律规制——以决议效力为中心

表决权滥用规制的理论基础为股东间利益调整、禁止权利滥用法理以及股东平等原则,主要的规制模式包括表决权限制与禁止表决权滥用。表决权限制由于对股东权利限制过大、适用范围狭窄以及实际作用不明等,不宜作为规制表决权滥用的一般规范。而对于违反禁止表决权滥用的公司决议而言,决议有效说不足以全面保护少数股东;无效说存在不符合资本多数决原则、决议无效的理论基础不明、适用对象不清晰等问题;表决权滥用决议的可撤销说能够兼顾少数股东保护及多数决原则,并符合保护交易安全的要求。在具有利益关系的多数股东或控制股东滥用表决权、故意损害少数股东或公司利益且其表决权行使与决议结果之间存在因果关系时,少数股东得主张撤销决议,由此规制表决权滥用。

我国双层股权结构上市公司的投资者保护:问题与方案

股东异质性致使管理权与经济权分离在现代公司制度中普遍存在,企业家特质愿景与外部资本在高新技术企业中稀缺性的此长彼消直接催生了双层股权结构。特别表决权股东对公司拥有远高于其持股比例的控制权,存在攫取控制权私利的风险。对特别表决权股东进行束权和监督,加强信息披露与便利投资者权利救济是强化双层股权结构上市公司投资者保护的主要方式。我国当前法律制度对特别表决权股东在制度制衡、内部监督、信披有效性以及投资者救济等方面存在明显不足,对此应改进“日落条款”与“燕尾条款”制衡特别表决权股东,在独董与监事的提名、选举机制上切断其被特别表决权股东俘获的可能性,从信披质量和投资者接收两个方面提高信披制度的有效性,同时在适格原告主体、诉讼费用负担以及举证责任分配等方面便利投资者通过诉讼实现权利救济。

基于样本选择的标签含噪图像分类

标签噪声广泛存在、无法避免且影响深度网络模型的性能.利用神经网络的“记忆效应”,基于小损失原则的样本选择方法能简单有效地处理标签噪声.本文基于特征空间中样本距离越近越相似的原则,结合样本的高低置信度假设,提出了新的样本选择原则以及二阶段加权样本选择重标签方法(WSSR-2s).(1)在训练前期阶段,对于高置信度样本,在特征空间中对其票权进行加权,更好地引导训练;(2)在训练中后期阶段,对于低置信度样本,将其票权转移给其最相似的特征样本,以更正确地训练.在合成噪声数据集CIFAR-10、CIFAR-100以及真实噪声数据集ANIMAL-10N、WebVision的实验结果表明,本文提出的方法取得更高的精度,能够更好地处理标签噪声问题.

表决权差异化结构下中小股东权益保护的进路——以限制特别表决权为切入点

股东异质化已成为大势所趋,陈陈相因的传统法理:股东“同股同权”制度无法适应瞬息万变的市场,上交所科创板出台关于表决权差异化的规则表明“AB股”架构在内地正式登陆。但此制度设计是一把“双刃剑”,对中小股东会造成诸多不利的影响。现有交易所规则对超级表决权的行使虽然做了限制性规定,但《公司法(修订草案)》对此付之阙如,在一定程度上会导致司法裁判陷入困境。本文以合理限制特别表决权为切入点,从立法和司法两个维度展开讨论,从而弥补法律由于不周延性和滞后性而造成的行权限制的“真空”地带,以期兴利除弊,保护好中小股东的合法权利。

训练民众开会:孙中山民权初步思想实践研究(1928—1935年)

孙中山在《建国方略》中提出民权初步思想,主张训练民众开会以培养现代公民,进而实现“纠合群力”“发达民权”。借助学校和民众教育,南京国民政府以普及和演习议事规则为着力点,实践了民权初步思想。在学校,国民党注重传授学生系统的议事规则,训练其专业的议事技能。围绕选举权的行使,以识字为先导,国民党面向失学民众普及议事常识并训练其使用选举权。受观念束缚,受训后的民众议事能力与孙中山的设想仍有较大差距,这表明训练开会既要系统灌输议事规则,更要树立良好的会议氛围,以变迁议事观念,启蒙公民的权利、集体和规则意识。总结民权初步思想的实践教训对于新时代培养合格公民、发展社会主义民主政治具有一定鉴戒意义。

刑事诉讼领域个人信息保护问题研究

刑事诉讼领域对公民个人信息保护依赖于现有刑事诉讼程序的执行,缺乏独立性。现行《刑事诉讼法》对公民个人信息采用的是被动保护的方式,完全依靠司法机关履行义务,公民无法积极主动保护个人信息,有悖于《公民个人信息保护法》中公民个人信息权的积极主动性质。刑事诉讼的私密性、公权性特征以及大数据技术使得刑事诉讼对公民个人信息的干涉程度加深;加强对司法人员的培训,促进司法人员树立保护公民个人信息的司法理念。结合《公民个人信息保护法》的规定,先行出台司法解释,时机成熟后再修法。

大数据时代公民隐私权保护应对策略探讨

大数据时代的到来是人类社会进步的表现,大数据技术的发展给人们的生活和工作提供了极大的便利,但随着信息数据的高速增长,公民隐私权的保护变得愈加困难。现阶段,我国的公民隐私权保护体系还有待加强完善,探讨大数据时代公民隐私权保护应对策略便显得尤为重要。对此我们结合大数据时代背景,对大数据时代的公民隐私权进行界定,并结合我国的实际情况提出构建完善的公民隐私权法律保护体系、加强执法监督、增大社会普法力度等建议,以推动我国在大数据背景下对公民隐私权的进一步保护,进而实现整个经济社会的稳健发展。

土地承包权退出背景下农民市民化问题与策略

引导农民退出土地承包权,加快土地流转速度是实现我国农村土地集约化和农业机械化的关键,农民只有完成市民化才能摆脱“半工半农”身份,安心退出土地承包权。目前,我国农民市民化过程中还存在农民职业继续教育不足、城市户籍准入条件限制、农民自身市民意识不足、职业技能薄弱等问题,阻碍着农民市民化。应对上述问题,应当降低城市户籍准入条件、改进农民职业继续教育、培养社区参与意识、加强农民职业技能培训。