Manual fruit thinning(MFT)in fruit trees has been previously shown to increase fruit size and enhance fruit quality,but the effect of MFT on Ponkan(Citrus reticulata Blanco)and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly ...Manual fruit thinning(MFT)in fruit trees has been previously shown to increase fruit size and enhance fruit quality,but the effect of MFT on Ponkan(Citrus reticulata Blanco)and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,efforts were made to elucidate how MFT influences the fruit quality of Ponkan.The results showed that MFT substantially increased fruit size and elevated fruit total soluble solids in comparison with the fruit from the unthinned trees(used as control).Expression analyses demonstrated that m RNA abundance of three important sugar transporter genes,including CrSUT1,CrSTP1 and CrTMT1,was evidently elevated in the flesh of thinned fruit when compared with those of the control.In addition,MFT prominently up-regulated the transcript levels of various auxin and gibberellin(GA)biosynthesis and signaling genes,including CrYUC6,CrAUX/IAA,CrGA20ox1 and CrGA3ox1.Concurrently,the contents of endogenous IAA and GA3,measured at 90 d after fruit thinning,were notably elevated in the fruit from trees with the thinning treatment relative to the control,although no difference was detected in the two groups before the thinning manipulation.Taken together,these results indicate that manual fruit thinning could greatly improve fruit quality,which may be attributed to promoting fruit expansion due to the increased auxin levels and expediting sugar accumulation through the up-regulation of sugar transporter genes.展开更多
目的确定超声辅助提取柑橘皮黄酮的最佳工艺条件,基于最佳工艺参数,比对研究23个品种柑橘果皮中黄酮类物质含量及抗氧化活性。方法通过单因素及正交实验优化超声辅助乙醇提取柑橘黄酮的最佳工艺条件,使用1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-diphen...目的确定超声辅助提取柑橘皮黄酮的最佳工艺条件,基于最佳工艺参数,比对研究23个品种柑橘果皮中黄酮类物质含量及抗氧化活性。方法通过单因素及正交实验优化超声辅助乙醇提取柑橘黄酮的最佳工艺条件,使用1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)法、铁离子还原法测定体外抗氧化活性,并进行相关性分析和聚类分析。结果总黄酮提取的最优条件为:料液比1:35(g/mL)、乙醇浓度50%、超声时间90 min、超声温度70℃,在此条件下柑橘果皮总黄酮提取量达到8.91 mg RE/g。23种柑橘果皮的总黄酮含量存在较明显差异,介于(4.07±0.01)~(10.92±0.17)mg RE/g之间,其中广西红心蜜柚果皮总黄酮含量最高;在抗氧化能力的表达上,半最大效应浓度(concentration for 50%of maximal effect,EC_(50))值介于(0.36±0.00)~(2.27±0.08)g/L之间;EC1值介于(0.01±0.00)~(0.14±0.00)mmol Fe^(2+)/g之间,广东皇帝柑和马水桔DPPH自由基清除能力最强;云南沃柑的总黄酮含量最低、DPPH自由基清除能力最弱;浙江椪柑皮铁离子还原能力最强,且优劣解距离算法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)分析结果显示其综合抗氧化性在23种柑橘皮中表现最优;聚类分析结果显示,柑橘种类与黄酮含量、抗氧化活性之间无明显关联,依据黄酮含量和抗氧化活性差异可将23种柑橘果皮分为3类;总黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力呈显著正相关。结论正交优化后的超声辅助技术可以提高柑橘皮总黄酮的提取效率,提高提取量,23种柑橘皮黄酮中第一、二类黄酮含量较高,具有较好的抗氧化活性,浙江椪柑皮综合抗氧化性最强。展开更多
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Agriculture Research System,Chinathe Special Program for Technology Innovation of Hubei Province,China(2020BBA036)the Hubei Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation,China。
文摘Manual fruit thinning(MFT)in fruit trees has been previously shown to increase fruit size and enhance fruit quality,but the effect of MFT on Ponkan(Citrus reticulata Blanco)and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,efforts were made to elucidate how MFT influences the fruit quality of Ponkan.The results showed that MFT substantially increased fruit size and elevated fruit total soluble solids in comparison with the fruit from the unthinned trees(used as control).Expression analyses demonstrated that m RNA abundance of three important sugar transporter genes,including CrSUT1,CrSTP1 and CrTMT1,was evidently elevated in the flesh of thinned fruit when compared with those of the control.In addition,MFT prominently up-regulated the transcript levels of various auxin and gibberellin(GA)biosynthesis and signaling genes,including CrYUC6,CrAUX/IAA,CrGA20ox1 and CrGA3ox1.Concurrently,the contents of endogenous IAA and GA3,measured at 90 d after fruit thinning,were notably elevated in the fruit from trees with the thinning treatment relative to the control,although no difference was detected in the two groups before the thinning manipulation.Taken together,these results indicate that manual fruit thinning could greatly improve fruit quality,which may be attributed to promoting fruit expansion due to the increased auxin levels and expediting sugar accumulation through the up-regulation of sugar transporter genes.
文摘目的确定超声辅助提取柑橘皮黄酮的最佳工艺条件,基于最佳工艺参数,比对研究23个品种柑橘果皮中黄酮类物质含量及抗氧化活性。方法通过单因素及正交实验优化超声辅助乙醇提取柑橘黄酮的最佳工艺条件,使用1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)法、铁离子还原法测定体外抗氧化活性,并进行相关性分析和聚类分析。结果总黄酮提取的最优条件为:料液比1:35(g/mL)、乙醇浓度50%、超声时间90 min、超声温度70℃,在此条件下柑橘果皮总黄酮提取量达到8.91 mg RE/g。23种柑橘果皮的总黄酮含量存在较明显差异,介于(4.07±0.01)~(10.92±0.17)mg RE/g之间,其中广西红心蜜柚果皮总黄酮含量最高;在抗氧化能力的表达上,半最大效应浓度(concentration for 50%of maximal effect,EC_(50))值介于(0.36±0.00)~(2.27±0.08)g/L之间;EC1值介于(0.01±0.00)~(0.14±0.00)mmol Fe^(2+)/g之间,广东皇帝柑和马水桔DPPH自由基清除能力最强;云南沃柑的总黄酮含量最低、DPPH自由基清除能力最弱;浙江椪柑皮铁离子还原能力最强,且优劣解距离算法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)分析结果显示其综合抗氧化性在23种柑橘皮中表现最优;聚类分析结果显示,柑橘种类与黄酮含量、抗氧化活性之间无明显关联,依据黄酮含量和抗氧化活性差异可将23种柑橘果皮分为3类;总黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力呈显著正相关。结论正交优化后的超声辅助技术可以提高柑橘皮总黄酮的提取效率,提高提取量,23种柑橘皮黄酮中第一、二类黄酮含量较高,具有较好的抗氧化活性,浙江椪柑皮综合抗氧化性最强。
